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Topic: Economy of Kazakhstan

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History of Kazakhstan

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	Kazakhstan - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Kazakhstan is a major producer of wheat, which is grown primarily in the north.
		Kazakhstan’s distribution system for electricity is split into two networks: the Russian network in the north and the Central Asian network in the south.
		Kazakhstan’s only nuclear power plant, which began operating in 1973 at Aktau on the Caspian Sea coast, was permanently shut down in 1999 due to safety concerns.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761566451___25/Kazakhstan.html (1242 words)

	Kazakhstan economy :: About Kazakhstan economic development
		The perspective of the Kazakhstan economy is closely connected with further integration into international economic relations, utilization of unique reserves of energy and mineral resources, vast possibilities to export industrial and agricultural products, optimum employment of country's transit potential and also with availability of highly qualified specialists in different spheres.
		Kazakhstan remains one of the most successful reformers in the CIS, though its record is less strong when compared with more advanced transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and it has the strongest banking system in Central Asia and CIS.
		Kazakhstan has enjoyed impressive economic growth over the past five years, buoyed by increased oil exports, as well as by bold economic reforms, prudent fiscal policies and economic initiatives that were instituted in 1999.
	www.kazakhstan.orexca.com /kazakhstan_economics.shtml (1705 words)

	Permanent Mission of Kazakhstan to the United Nations
		We want to see Kazakhstan as a country developing along the global economic trends, as a country which is embracing all that is new and progressive, as a country which holds a small but its own specific niche in the world economy, and as a country which is quickly adaptable to new economic conditions.
		Kazakhstan and the USA have built relations of a long term and stable partnership which are characterized by a broad range of cooperation on issues of international energy stability and security, the fight against terrorism and religious extremism, and further democratic transformations.
		Kazakhstan is interested in making cooperation with the EU more substantial in the area of regional and international security, economy, and social and cultural development.
	www.kazakhstanun.org /President.html (7848 words)

	Kazakhstan - MSN Encarta
		Kazakhstan also has small ensembles of musicians who perform traditional Kazakh melodies using instruments such as the two-stringed dombyra (similar to a lute) and the three-stringed kobiz (like a viola).
		Kazakhstan has a small body of national literature, most of it recent in origin.
		The largest library collections in Kazakhstan are held by the Scientific and Technical Library of Kazakhstan, the Central Library of the Kazakh Academy of Sciences, and the National Library of Kazakhstan, all in Almaty.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566451_4/Kazakhstan.html (957 words)

	[No title]
		The Kazakhstan economy contracted by 44 percent between 1990 and 1994, particularly after the ruble zone collapsed and the GOK was forced to implement policies to combat hyper-inflation.(7) From 1995-97, Kazakhstan's president since independence, Nursultan Nazarbayev, undertook comprehensive and systematic reforms designed to radically transform Kazakhstan into a market economy.
		Privatization reforms in Kazakhstan were quickly implemented from 1995-1997, with the private sector share of the economy climbing from 25 percent to 55 percent.(42) Privatization during this period included enterprises in virtually all sectors of the economy, and drastically reduced the share of state ownership.
		Kazakhstan's price liberalization laws are significant in that they delineate the sectors in which the GOK may regulate prices, while other prices in the rest of the economy operate according to market forces.
	ia.ita.doc.gov /download/kazakhstan-nme-status/kaz-nme-analysis.txt (6165 words)

	NationMaster - Kazakhstani Economy statistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Kazakhstan, the largest of the former Soviet republics in territory, excluding Russia, possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals.
		Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a growing machine-building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some defense items.
		Kazakhstan enjoyed double-digit growth in 2000-01 - and a solid 9.5% in 2002 - thanks largely to its booming energy sector, but also to economic reform, good harvests, and foreign investment.
	www.nationmaster.com /country/kz/Economy (341 words)

	Economy - Kazakhstan - Asia
		The economy of Kazakhstan is based on its extensive agricultural and mineral resources.
		Although Kazakhstan is one of the most modern republics in Central Asia, the process of economic reform started off very slowly.
		Kazakhstan’s new constitution, approved in August 1995, permits private land ownership but maintains government control over water and natural resources.
	www.countriesquest.com /asia/kazakhstan/economy.htm (374 words)

	About Kazakhstan :: Emblem & Flag of Kazakhstan. Republic of Kazakhstan. Information on Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan language
		The National Flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a piece of right-angled cloth of sky-blue colour with a picture of a golden sun with 32 rays in the centre and underneath a soaring steppe eagle.
		The golden and blue and sky-blue national emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a picture of a shanyrak (the cupola of a yurta) on a blue background, from which uyks like sun rays are being radiated towards the wings of mythical horses.
		Kazakhstan lies in the center of the European and Asian continents, and is approximately equidistant from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
	kazakhstan.orexca.com (918 words)

	Economy of Kazakhstan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kazakhstan is the second largest nation in Central Asia.
		Kazakhstan's economy turned downward in 1998 with a 2.5% decline in GDP growth due to slumping oil prices and the August financial crisis in Russia.
		Kazakhstan has the potential to be a world-class oil exporter in the medium term.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economy_of_Kazakhstan (1364 words)

	http://potato/ethics/Countries/Kazakhstan/culture.html
		A large portion of the economy of Kazakhstan is based upon the development of raw materials and extractions of minerals from its soil.
		Kazakhstan's GNP falls in the middle range for nations of the world (from $2,000-10,000 per year per capita).
		Kazakhstan is committed to the development of a market economy and free international trade and investment.
	www.pitt.edu /~ethics/Countries/Kazakhstan/culture.html (867 words)

	BBC News \| The Economy \| Kazakhstan's currency tumbles
		Kazakhstan's central bank chief has urged the country's citizens not to rush out and buy dollars after the tenge currency lost 33% of its value in one day.
		Mr Ross said that a mission was due to visit Kazakhstan at the end of the month to "discuss financial arrangements".
		Officials have stressed that Kazakhstan will not default on its debts, which are small compared to those of Russia.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/business/the_economy/312759.stm (546 words)

	Kazakhstan: Finishing the Transformation
		Kazakhstan's plan to privatize farmland could become another laudable step forward, if care is taken to see that privatization is fair and transparent.
		Kazakhstan's working party was established in 1996, and the next meeting of the group is scheduled for December 13.
		Even as Kazakhstan seeks to accelerate its WTO bid, the hard fact is that foreign investors are increasingly worried that the Government of Kazakhstan is less committed today to openness and a welcoming investment climate than it was in the years following independence.
	www.state.gov /e/rls/rm/2002/16011.htm (1948 words)

	Kazakhstan Economy
		There has been a noticeable reduction in the ratio of debt to GDP observed in past years; the ratio of total governmental debt to GDP in 2000 was 21.7%, in 2001 it was 17.5%, and in 2002 it was 15.4%.
		Kazakhstan furthered its reforms by adopting a new land code on June 20, 2003 and a customs code on April 5, 2003.
		Kazakhstan raised oil and gas condensate exports to 52.4 million tons in 2004, 18% higher compared to 2003.
	www.traveldocs.com /kz/economy.htm (965 words)

	Kazakhstan: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Kazakhstan lies in the north of the central Asian republics and is bounded by Russia in the north, China in the east, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan in the south, and the Caspian Sea and part of Turkmenistan in the west.
		Kazakhstan has the potential for becoming one of central Asia's richest countries because of its huge mineral and oil resources and its liberalized economy, which encourages Western investment.
		Kazakhstan: Government - Government Under the constitution of 1995, Kazakhstan is headed by a strong executive president,...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107674.html (985 words)

	Kazakhstan (09/06)
		Kazakhstan has identified a number of major ecological problems within its borders--desiccation of the Aral Sea, protection of the fragile Caspian ecosystem, remediation of the Semipalatinsk nuclear testing range, cleanup of the Baykonur launching facility, extremely polluted cities, desertification, and development of mechanisms for regional transboundary water management.
		Travelers transiting through Kazakhstan are reminded to check that their visas allow for sufficient number of entries to cover each transit trip and to check the length of validity of the visa.
		All U.S. citizens arriving in Kazakhstan through 12 international airports and the railway point of Dostyk (Druzhba) are registered at the moment of the border crossing and, as proof, receive a migration card with entry and registration marks from the Border Service of Committee of National Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5487.htm (5170 words)

	Kazakhstan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country in the world by area, but it is only 62nd country in population with approximately 6 persons per km² (15 per sq.
		Kazakhstan has stable relationships with all of its neighbors and is a member of the United Nations, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council and Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC).
		Kazakhstan is a bilingual country: the Kazakh language, spoken by 64.4% of the population, has the status of the "state" language, while Russian is declared the "official" language, and is used routinely in business.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kazakhstan (4665 words)

	GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Asia - Kazakhstan - Economy
		Kazakhstan's economy grew by 9.2% in 2003, buoyed by high world oil prices.
		Kazakhstan raised oil and gas condensate exports to 44.3 million tons in 2003, 13% higher compared to 2002.
		Kazakhstan's 2003 oil exports were valued at more than $7 billion, representing 65% of overall exports and 24% of GDP.
	www.geographyiq.com /countries/kz/Kazakhstan_economy_summary.htm (945 words)

	Kazakhstan - Economy
		Economic growth in Kazakhstan is expected to remain steady at around 7 per cent until 2008.
		This pipeline is one of several being developed by Kazakhstan, which will increase the country's oil export capacity, contributing to high levels of economic growth.
		While oil revenue will continue to be the mainstay of the economy over the medium term, Kazakhstan's economic stability in the longer term will depend on progress with structural reform, diversification of the economic base, and higher levels of foreign investment.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/centralasia/kazak-econ.htm (179 words)

	Kazakhstan Investment and Business Guide
		Kazakhstan is a resource-rich country, rich in oil and natural gas, copper, zinc, bauxites, gold, silver, chrome, uranium and other metals that comprise over 95 percent of periodic table.
		Rather it is general economic and business information on Kazakhstan: economic, business and financial news, visa and consular support, travel and flight schedule, good hotels, decent restaurants, and the list goes on and on.
		Whether you are thinking of or already operate in Kazakhstan, you are welcome to contact us with your business proposals and ideas.
	www.kazakhstaninvestment.com (650 words)

	Architecture/Construction/Engineering Services -- U.S. Commercial Service Kazakhstan
		Many opportunities exist in the continuing expansion of Kazakhstan’s capital city, Astana, and in strengthening and diversifying the country's infrastructure.
		Improvement of Kazakhstan’s overall economic situation, growth of the real estate and construction sectors, and the restructuring of the housing industry have stimulated demand for building equipment and materials.
		Much like the entire economy of Kazakhstan, the construction sector is very dependent on the success or failure of the oil industry.
	www.buyusa.gov /kazakhstan/en/55.html (874 words)

	Kazakhstan: Economy
		In addition, there are rich fishing grounds, famous for their caviar-producing sturgeon, in the N Caspian, although these have been hurt by overfishing.
		Kazakhstan also has large deposits of natural gas, iron ore, manganese, chrome, lead, zinc, silver, copper, nickel, titanium, bauxite, and gold.
		The Baikonur (Bayqongyr) Cosmodrome in central Kazakhstan was the Soviet space-operations center and continues to serve Russian space exploration through an agreement between the two nations.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0859101.html (323 words)

	Kazakhstan
		Economy-overview: Kazakhstan, the second largest of the former Soviet republics in territory, possesses enormous untapped fossil fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals.
		Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some defense items.
		One of the central question is the origin of it's native people, Kazakhs, and the development of their statehood, culture, traditions, and relations with other civilisations.
	www.okstate.edu /osu_orgs/casa/kazakhstan.html (658 words)

	Kazakhstan information - Economy
		This has proven to be only a temporary effect because currently the growth of the economy is estimated at 12% per year.
		The northern part of the country has been cultivated in the 1950s to grow wheat and the dryer areas are used for sheep, cattle, horses and camels.
		Statistical Bulletins of the Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
	www.wild-natures.com /kazinfo_economy.html (226 words)

	Kazakhstan Business and Economy
		Kazakhstan Receives A Vote of Confidence From Foreign Investors
		This report gives an overview of the consulting industry in Kazakhstan, describing market trends, major players, including local companies and international consulting firms.
		It also outlines market size estimations and projected growth rates for some of the markets, describes legal and political factors influencing the consultancy market developments in Kazakhstan, and provides contact information for the interested parties.
	www.kazakhembus.com /BusinessandEconomy.html (215 words)

	RIA Novosti - World - President pledges to foster booming economy in Kazakhstan
		President pledges to foster booming economy in Kazakhstan
		Given the expected economic growth, Kazakhstan may suffer a shortage of power in 2008-2009, he said.
		Kazakhstan hopes to become one of the five largest grain exporters.
	en.rian.ru /world/20051031/41943012.html (411 words)

	Kazakhstan Economy 2001 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		Economy - overview: Kazakhstan, the second largest of the former Soviet republics in territory, possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals.
		The Caspian Pipeline Consortium agreement to build a new pipeline from western Kazakhstan's Tengiz oil field to the Black Sea increases prospects for substantially larger oil exports in several years.
		Kazakhstan's economy again turned downward in 1998 with a 2% decline in GDP due to slumping oil prices and the August financial crisis in Russia.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/kazakhstan/kazakhstan_economy.html (451 words)

	HTML page
		achieved its independence in 1991 and started to implement democratic political reforms and has created open market economy.
		Kazakhstan had created the program of modernizing of steel chemical and gold industry, agricultural and food processing industries and manufacturing base and light industries, introduction of know how and high-tech production.
		More that 400 foreign companies have invested their resources in the market of
	home.att.net /~infoims/economy.html (328 words)

	International Adoption Agency \| Kazakhstan Adoption :: Economy
		Kazakhstan is considered a model transition economy in overcoming the legacy of the Soviet centralized command economy through sustained commitment to economic liberalization and maintaining an attractive investment environment through pragmatic policy choices and cooperation with the West.
		The International Monetary Fund, called Kazakhstan 's strict macroeconomic stabilization measures "appropriate and far-sighted." Of all post-communist economies, Kazakhstan is ranked first in foreign direct investment as a percentage of GDP and second only to Hungary in per capita FDI.
		Because of its successful reforms, liberal trade policies, and ability to attract international financing, Kazakhstan is poised to join the World Trade Organization
	www.faithfuladoption.org /adoption/kazakhstan/economy.aspx (101 words)

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