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Topic: Economy of Peru

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	Peru - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Peru, (Spanish: República del Perú), or Peru, is a country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
		Peru is rich in cultural anthropology, and is well-known as the cradle of the Inca empire.
		Peru is one of only three countries in Latin America whose largest population segment is comprised of unmixed Amerindians -, where almost half of all Peruvians are Amerindian, or 45 percent of the total population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peru (2622 words)

	Peru Economy
		Peru’s economy is one of the most dynamic in Latin America, showing particularly strong growth over the past three years.
		Peru is a source of both natural gas and petroleum, although the country is a net energy importer.
		Peru is the world’s second-largest producer of silver, sixth-largest producer of gold and copper, and a significant source of the world’s zinc and lead.
	www.traveldocs.com /pe/economy.htm (1135 words)

	Peru Economy
		Peru belongs to APEC and the WTO, actively participates in FTAA negotiations and seeks a free trade agreement (FTA) with the U.S. Net international reserves at the end of October 2003 stood at $9.81 billion, up from $9.6 billion at the end of 2002.
		PeruÕs economy is one of the better-managed in Latin America, but challenges remain.
		Peru secured its $750 million external financing requirement for 2003 with international bond issuances early in the year and raised more than $400 million via a new domestic bond program.
	www.multied.com /NationbyNation/Peru/Economy.html (861 words)

	Peru's Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Buoyed by a growing economy, Fujimori appears to be emerging from one of the worst crises of his presidency, although doubts remain about Peru's politicial stability.
		Peru's economy grew by 7.4 percent in the first half of 1997, inflation was in the single digits, and the economy appears to be reheating after 1996's cooldown, when growth shrank to 2.8 percent.
		Moody's called the overall situation in Peru "stable," but said three political factors are weakening its rating: overcentralization of authority in the presidency; the lack of viable opposition to Fujimori; and the military's role as a power broker.
	www.news-star.com /stories/082397/wrld1.html (681 words)

	Economy - PERU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Peru is the world's leading grower of coca, from which the drug cocaine is refined.
		Peru ranks as one of the world's leading producers of copper, silver, lead, and zinc; petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, molybdenum, tungsten, and gold are extracted in significant quantities.
		The unit of currency in Peru is the sol; after being allowed to float against the U.S. dollar, the inti fluctuated wildly at between 200,000 and 400,000 to the dollar in mid-1990.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/theo-3/OldFiles/data/web_type/Economy/peru.economy.html (997 words)

	Peru (12/05)
		Peru's distinct geographical regions are mirrored in a socioeconomic divide between the coast's mestizo-Hispanic culture and the more diverse, traditional Andean cultures of the mountains and highlands.
		Peru's independence movement was led by Jose de San Martin of Argentina and Simon Bolivar of Venezuela.
		Following a clash between Peru and Ecuador in 1941, the Rio Protocol--of which the United States is one of four guarantors (along with Argentina, Brazil and Chile)--sought to establish the boundary between the two countries.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35762.htm (4489 words)

	ECONOMIC HISTORY AND THE ECONOMY OF PERU
		Under Belaunde in the 1960's Peru abandoned the policy of nonintervention and adopted the strategy of import substitution for economic development.
		Peru was quite late in adopting the import substitution strategy.
		By the time the military returned Peru to civilian rule the economy was in difficulty and austerity measures were called for.
	www.applet-magic.com /peru.htm (578 words)

	Brief information about the Government in Peru and the Economy in Peru. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Peru is the world's second silver producer, and the eighth largest zinc producer, and keeps one of the largest copper and zinc reserves.
		Peru also has 95% of the vicuña population in the world, one of the most internationally valued fibers, as well as 70 % of the alpaca population.
		This area of the economy produces more than a 1,000 million dollars and it is expected to become the number two export, after mining in the near future.
	www.andeanodyssey.com /govper.htm (391 words)

	Peru's struggling economy
		They could struggle to find it from overseas lenders whose view of Peru has darkened, or be forced to borrow from the domestic financial system or pension funds, jacking up interest rates.
		Peru plunged into crisis earlier this month when President Alberto Fujimori, responding to a corruption scandal involving his powerful former spymaster and key advisor, announced new elections would be held five years early in which he would not run.
		With Peru's goal of raising $650 million in privatization revenues this year now in doubt -- despite government assurances that projects, such as a second stage sale of the Camisea natural gas field, would go ahead as planned -- the senior banking source said Peru had few options.
	www.bradynet.com /bbs/latam/100068-0.html (940 words)

	Business and Economy Peru South America Regional
		Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil.
		However, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and a lack of infrastructure and a reliable judicial system deters trade and investment.
		After several years of inconsistent economic performance, the Peruvian economy was one of the fastest growing in Latin America in 2002 and 2003, growing by 5% and 4%, respectively, with the exchange rate stable and an annual inflation lower than 2%.
	infotut.com /reference/Regional/South_America/Peru/Business_and_Economy (307 words)

	SICE - ECLAC - Economy of Perú (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Peruvian economy’s performance in 1997 surpassed all expectations: the pace of growth was nearly three times the preceding year’s rate (in the 7% range) and inflation is set to remain below 8%.
		Much of the impact of the increase in the net reserves of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCRP), which by the end of October amounted to some US$ 1.5 billion, was sterilized by BCRP bond issues and by increases in the deposits of the public sector and the Banco de la Nación.
		In the course of 1997, Peru completed the renegotiation of its debt with the Paris Club, as well as debt restructurings with Russia and with its commercial bank creditors under the Brady Plan.
	www.sice.oas.org /geograph/westernh/97/ovper_e.asp (956 words)

	Commanding Heights : Peru Overview \| on PBS
		Peru is cut off from international financial markets after it ceases to make debt payments above 10 percent of the value of exports.
		Once in office, Fujimori reneges on his promise to revive the economy without "shock therapy" and implements a shock package that includes labor, trade, and financial deregulation and courts foreign investment and privatization.
		Peru experiences robust economic growth driven by foreign direct investment in the form of privatization in several key industries.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/pe/pe_overview.html (1222 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Taxing times for Peru's economy
		According to Peru's President, Alejandro Toledo, his country's economy is the showgirl of Latin America.
		The latest figures show the economy grew by just 1.8% for the year to May. A recent spate of attacks by the left wing guerrilla group, Shining Path, means the government now has to find extra cash to beef up the police and armed forces.
		To be fair, Peru's accounts were in a mess even before the nation's 300,000 teachers took to the streets to demand President Toledo fulfil his election pledge to double their salaries.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/business/3097307.stm (688 words)

	AllRefer.com - Peru - The Economy \| Peruvian Information Resource
		Even in the period of rapid growth, Peru was characterized by exceptionally high degrees of poverty and inequality, and since the late 1980s poverty has become much worse.
		Fourth, the temporary move back toward a more open economy under the second government of Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1980-85) resulted in a surge of imports and an external crisis--mainly because of currency overvaluation and an excessively rapid rise of government spending--that again discredited this approach.
		The most evident symptoms of the crisis at the beginning of the 1990s were falling national output and income, high levels of unemployment and underemployment, worsening poverty and violence, accelerating inflation, and deep external debt.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/peru/peru73.html (1145 words)

	Peru - Economy
		Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil.
		However, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and a lack of infrastructure deters trade and investment.
		Peru is expected to sign a free-trade agreement with the United States in early 2006.
	www.exxun.com /Peru/e_ec.html (564 words)

	Peru - Gurupedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Before the Spanish arrived, Peru was home to various Pre Inca cultures and later, to the Inca Empire.
		Francisco Pizarro arrived to Peruvian coasts in 1532 and by the end of the 1530s, Peru became a Viceroyalty and a major source of gold and silver for the Spanish Empire.
		Peru is located in Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador.
	www.gurupedia.com /p/pe/peru.htm (284 words)

	Journal of Social History: Colonial Habits: Convents and the Spiritual Economy of Cuzco, Peru. - Review - book review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The convents educated and cared for girls, and in the case of the first--Santa Clara--the intent of the Cuzco cabildo (town council) that established the convent was to educate the mestizo daughters of the conquistadores and bring them into the Spanish world away from their indigenous mothers.
		The great rebellion of 1780-1782 further disrupted the Cuzco economy, making it more difficult for the nuns to maintain accustomed standards of living, and this was followed by the actions of the crown in the 1790s and early 1800s that extracted forced loans to cover growing war-related deficits.
		It is unfortunate t hat Burns's concept of the Andes does not go much beyond Cuzco or Peru, and her myopic understanding of historiography limits the effectiveness of what otherwise could have been a very good study of the role of convents in the colonial Andes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2005/is_3_34/ai_72412218 (1067 words)

	USAID: Peru
		Social services, especially in isolated, conflict-prone regions in Peru’s highlands and jungles, are inadequate (e.g., in USAID's geographic focus areas 36% of children under five are malnourished, 27% of women are illiterate, 50% of the population does not have access to electricity, and 69% does not have access to sanitation services).
		Peru’s tropical forests are the fourth largest in the world, but they are increasingly threatened by shifting migration patterns, unsustainable exploitation of the forest, and the destructive impact of illicit coca production/processing.
		While Peru’s economy out-performed the rest of Latin America (Peru experienced 5.2% GDP growth in 2002 and 4% projected in 2003), the Government of President Alejandro Toledo remains politically weak and social discontent prevails.
	www.usaid.gov /policy/budget/cbj2005/lac/pe.html (914 words)

	UCLA International Institute :: Peru's Debt Crisis and Subsequent Shock Economy
		In the short run Belaunde attempted to make Peru a viable option for investors by initiation liberal policies, but due to economic and world market failures his attempts were futile: the economy was worse off than we he came in.
		Peru began a steady growth of out its debt crisis thanks to the shock economy being implemented at the right time and under the right conditions.
		Peru’s tragic history over the last two decades appears to be coming to an end with increase economic, and political stability.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /article.asp?parentid=19898 (2435 words)

	Peru's Economy Still Held Hostage As Social Crisis Mounts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Since first taking office in 1990, Fujimori is credited with pulling Peru's economy back from the brink and dealing a serious blow to terrorism, despite the recent crisis.
		When Fujimori became president, inflation in Peru was running at more than 7,000 percent annually and the treasury was bankrupt from years of mismanagement.
		But while the 14 Tupac Amaru rebels holding the hostages gained little sympathy with their action, their complaint that the country's economy works only in favor of the rich has hit a nerve among 23 million Peruvians who have been heeding Fujimori's call for austerity and patience for the past seven years.
	www.developmentgap.org /peru.html (870 words)

	PERU - ECONOMY
		They are some of the images which come immediately to mind for Peru.
		Peace with Ecuador was definitively concluded with autumn 98, which should make it possible the community at the Andine community (gathering Venezuela, Colombia,Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia) to manage to found a Common Market, envisaged for 2005.
		The capital will make it possible to restructure the debt of the companies, to start again the economy, to fight against poverty and to reassure the foreign investors.
	www.abc-latina.com /us/peru/economy.htm (491 words)

	GeographyIQ - World Atlas - South America - Peru - Economy
		Peru remains the second-largest producer of coca leaf in the world despite an unprecedented 70% reduction in the number of acres of illegal coca leaf under cultivation since 1995.
		Ninety percent of all coca leaf grown in Peru is diverted into the illicit narcotics trade.
		As part of a possible renewal of the airbridge denial interdiction program, suspended in April 2001, the embassy is working with the Government of Peru to establish a joint counter-narcotics coordination center in Pucallpa, Peru.
	www.geographyiq.com /countries/pe/Peru_economy_summary.htm (1284 words)

	Peruvian Economy.
		Almost all of the opposition parties and civil organizations (as diverse as those representing Hindus), united and formed a resistance that obliged Fujimori to renounce the presidency and call new elections.
		As such, in 2001 Peru went to its most recent congressional and presidential elections.
		The economist Alejandro Toledo and his party “Peru Posible” obtained an ample majority of the votes and took office.
	www.amautaspanish.com /amautaspanish/english/peru/peru_economy.asp (306 words)

	AllRefer.com - Peru - The Colonial Economy \| Peruvian Information Resource
		AllRefer.com - Peru - The Colonial Economy
		Finally, various fiscal schemes, such as the tribute tax to be paid in coin and the forced purchase of Spanish merchandise, were levied on the indigenous population in order to force or otherwise induce it into the new monetary economy as "free wage" workers.
		This left Peru with a legacy of one of the most unequal landholding arrangements in all of Latin America and a formidable obstacle to later development and modernization.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/peru/peru19.html (771 words)

	Peru Economy
		Lima, Peru - From the heroin addict to the casual cocaine snorter, American drug users are among the world's top cash suppliers for international terrorist organisations, the head of the US Drug Enforceme...
		The economy grew 3.01 percent in January from the same m...
		LIMA, Peru: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) said on Friday it made good progress in its first round of talks with Peru to grant it a new line of credit, which is expected to be similar to the $380 milli...
	archive.wn.com /2004/03/20/1400/perueconomy (909 words)

	Peru´s Economy Growing Fast - Prensa Latina
		The pace of annual expansion was the fastest since at least March 1998, when the economy grew 6 percent.
		Peru´s economic expansion probably peaked after 49 straight months of growth, and is poised to slow next year to 4 percent, according to economists such as Guillermo Arbe of Apoyo Consultoria.
		Peru´s ongoing economic expansion, its longest on record, has averaged 4 percent annually over the past four years, the second-best performance in Latin America after Chile.
	www.plenglish.com /Article.asp?ID={1F51B906-3A6B-4EC6-BABC-D9732A8D5659}&language=EN (234 words)

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