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Topic: Economy of Romania

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	Economy of Romania
		Romania reached an agreement with the International Monetary Fund in August for a $547 million loan, but release of the second tranche was postponed in October because of unresolved private sector lending requirements and differences over budgetary spending.
		Romania was invited by the European Union in December 1999 to begin accession negotiations.
		Romania is a country of considerable potential: rich agricultural lands; diverse energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, hydro, and nuclear); a substantial, if aging, industrial base encompassing almost the full range of manufacturing activities; an intelligent, well-trained work force; and opportunities for expanded development in tourism on the Black Sea and in the mountains.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/e/ec/economy_of_romania.html (1588 words)

	Economy of Romania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Romania, a leading trading power and financial centre of the Central and Eastern Europe, has the second largest economy in the region after the Polands, the seventh largest in Europe, and is an acceding member of the European Union.
		Romania was invited by the European Union in December 1999 to begin accession negotiations.
		Romania is a country of considerable potential: rich agricultural lands; diverse energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, hydro, and nuclear); a substantial, if aging, industrial base encompassing almost the full range of manufacturing activities; an intelligent, well-trained work force; and opportunities for expanded development in tourism on the Black Sea and in the mountains.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economy_of_Romania (2431 words)

	Romania - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Romania is richly endowed with fertile agricultural lands, a variety of energy resources, and an educated workforce.
		Romania became an associate member of the European Union in February 1993 and opened accession talks with the EU in 1999; it became a full member of the organization in 2007.
		Romania’s democratic constitution adopted in 1991 (and amended in 2003) provides for freedom of the press—a sharp departure from the strict governmental control exercised during the communist era.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559516___18/Romania.html (1420 words)

	Property Romania - Investment Romania - Romania
		Romania began the transition from Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs.
		Romania is situated to the southeast of Central Europe and to the north of the Balkan Mountains.
		Romania's territory is approximately 238,931 sq kilometres, approximately half that of France.
	www.search-optima.com /romania_information.php (287 words)

	Romania - MSN Encarta
		Romania is a land of historic villages and castles, fertile plains, and majestic mountains.
		Romania shares borders with Bulgaria to the south, Serbia to the southwest, Hungary to the northwest, Ukraine to the north, and Moldova to the northeast.
		Romania was a kingdom from 1881 to 1947.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559516/Romania.html (1023 words)

	Romania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The modern state of Romania was formed by the merging of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 under the Moldavian domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
		Romania was proclaimed a communist state, under direct military and economic control of the USSR until 1958.
		Romania now has one of the most liberal taxation systems in Europe, and it is expected that this, along with increased foreign investment, will boost economic growth in the coming years, as well as lower corruption and bring to light the grey economy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romania (5005 words)

	Romania ECONOMY
		Before World War II, the economy was predominantly agricultural, with agriculture and forestry contributing 38.1% of the national income in 1938, and industry (including construction) 35.2%.
		The basic organization of economic management in Romania was highly centralized, like its original Soviet model, with few of the modifications introduced elsewhere in Eastern Europe.
		Romania's economic problems in the 1980s were exacerbated by the government's program to reduce foreign debt: the debt was indeed reduced, from $10.5 billion in 1981 to $6.6 billion at the end of 1987, but at the cost of reduced industrial development.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Romania-ECONOMY.html (528 words)

	Economy - Romania - Europe
		The economy grew considerably during the first part of the Communist period, but by the 1980s it had slid into decline, and shortages of consumer goods and degradation of the environment had become widespread.
		Romania is currently a member of the IMF, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).
		Romania became an associate member of the European Union (EU) in February 1993, and in December 1997 the EU invited Romania to begin the process of becoming a full member.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/romania/economy.htm (418 words)

	Overview of Economy - The WorldWide-Tax.Com
		Romania is a member of a number of different organizations such as the UN, UNESCO and the WTO.
		From 2004, Romania has been a member of NATO and from January 1, 2007 Romania is a member of the European Union, a membership with a latent obligation for significant economic growth.
		The GDP forecast for 2006 in Romania is estimated at approximately 7% and the GDP anticipated for 2007 is approximately 6%
	www.worldwide-tax.com /romania/romania_overview_of_economy.asp (328 words)

	Romania (04/07)
		Romania's location gives it a continental climate, particularly in Moldavia and Wallachia (geographic areas east of the Carpathians and south of the Transylvanian Alps, respectively) and to a lesser extent in centrally located Transylvania, where the climate is more moderate.
		Romania was an ally of the Entente and the U.S. in World War I, and was granted substantial territories with Romanian populations, notably Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina, after the war.
		Romania's 1991 constitution proclaims Romania a democracy and market economy, in which human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, justice, and political pluralism are supreme and guaranteed values.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35722.htm (6605 words)

	Economy - Info Romania
		Romania is a country with a transition economy.
		Romania ranks well in Europe and in the world in terms of several agricultural products: 9th place in the world (2nd in Europe) for maize, 8th place (5th in Europe) for sunflower, 6-8th place for grapes and wines.
		Romania is part of the important route of rivers and channels (Rhine-Main -Danube), which cross Europe from the North Sea to the Black Sea.
	www.ici.ro /romania/en/economie/econ2002.html (3101 words)

	MapZones.com : Romania Economy
		The economy grew considerably during the first part of the Communist time, but by the 1980s it had slid into decline, and shortages of consumer goods and degradation of the environment had become widespread.
		Romania's modern economic development dates to the opening of maritime trade routes to western Europe in the early 19th century.
		Romania, one of the poorest countries in Central and Eastern Europe, began the transition from communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the nation's needs.
	www.mapzones.com /world/europe/romania/economyindex.php (456 words)

	Romania - The Economy
		In early 1989, Ceausescu proclaimed that Romania had finally rid itself of the onerous foreign debt and could resume the pursuit of its long-term economic goal--the status of a multilaterally developed socialist state by the year 2000.
		Romania had become one of the world's leading producers and exporters of steel, refined petroleum products, machine tools, locomotives and rolling stock, oil-field equipment, offshore-drilling rigs, aircraft, and other sophisticated manufactures.
		This shortage was brought on by a declining birthrate, the aging of the population, the emigration of skilled workers, and the squandering of labor resources through poor planning and management.
	countrystudies.us /romania/50.htm (913 words)

	Property in Romania - Government and Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Romania is a parliamentary republic based on a bicameral Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.
		In the 1930s Romania was one of the main European producers of wheat, corn and meats and it used to be called "the bread basket of Europe." In the 1950s the communist leader of Romania, Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej, began developing heavy industry.
		Romania produces coal, natural gas, iron ore and petroleum but most raw material for the country's large industrial capacity potential are imported.
	www.therightmoveabroad.com /news_detail.php?id=92 (275 words)

	Economy of Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Romania was invited by European Union in December 1999 to begin accession
		Romania is a country of considerable potential: agricultural lands; diverse energy sources (coal oil gas hydro and nuclear); a substantial if industrial base encompassing almost the full range manufacturing activities; an intelligent well-trained work force; opportunities for expanded development in tourism on Black Sea and in the mountains.
		Romania signed an Association Agreement the EU in 1992 and a free agreement with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1993 codifying Romania's access European markets and creating the basic framework further economic integration.
	www.freeglossary.com /Economy_of_Romania (1602 words)

	Romania's stock market, economy show impressive growth - Oct. 25, 2002
		Romania's gross domestic product this year is valued at $34 billion, with 4.5 percent growth forecast for 2002 after 5.3 percent growth in 2001.
		Romania's entry into both the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union would likely signal that one of the poorest countries in Europe is now a worthy investment for the traditional powers of the West.
		Romania has struggled hard against the stereotype, but it still bears the stigma of rampant corruption that's typical of an economy in transition.
	money.cnn.com /2002/10/24/markets/romania/index.htm (1127 words)

	Economy of Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Economy - overview: After the collapse of the Soviet Bloc in 1989-91, Romania was left with an obsolete industrial base and a pattern of industrial capacity wholly unsuited to its needs.
		Outside factors such as the collapse of trade with Soviet bloc trading partners, economic slowdown in the industrialized West, increases in imported energy costs, and large losses from United Nations sanctions against Iraq and the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, contributed to a precipitous drop in industrial output after 1989.
		Therefore, the PPP GDP of Romania is $7,400.
	www.webstercc.com /encyclopedia/en/wikipedia/e/ec/economy_of_romania.html (1561 words)

	Romania Economy
		Romania is a country of considerable potential: rich agricultural lands; diverse energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, hydro, and nuclear); a substantial, if aging, industrial base encompassing almost the full range of manufacturing activities; an educated, well-trained work force; and opportunities for expanded development in tourism on the Black Sea and in the mountains.
		Romania signed an Association Agreement with the European Union (EU) in 1992 and a free trade agreement with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1993, codifying Romania's access to European markets and creating the basic framework for further economic integration.
		Romania completed the privatization of the largest commercial bank (BCR) in 2006 with the transfer of the majority stock to foreign ownership.
	www.traveldocs.com /ro/economy.htm (1245 words)

	Romania
		The speed and extent of the dismantling of the structure of government subsidies and the state operation of enterprises must be determined by the resilience of the population.
		Romania, the focus of this study, represents one of the most dramatic cases of transition to a market-based economy.1 Having been both the poorest and most authoritarian among the Soviet bloc nations, Romania will face the greatest challenges in converting to a market-driven economy.
		Because the transition to a market economy in Romania has only recently begun, it is increases since the democratic revolution of 1989, its absolute level continues to be relatively modest compared to the requirements for the Romanian economy.
	www.pitt.edu /~ibcmod/journal/articles/romania.htm (3844 words)

	Romania's economy expected to grow - Boston.com
		Romania's economy is expected to expand by more than seven percent in 2006, following strong growth in the first two quarters, the head of the country's main statistics agency said Friday.
		BUCHAREST, Romania --Romania's economy is expected to expand by more than seven percent in 2006, following strong growth in the first two quarters, the head of the country's main statistics agency said Friday.
		After several years of deep recession in the 1990s, Romania's economy has grown strongly in recent years.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2006/09/08/romanias_economy_expected_to_grow (170 words)

	USAID: Romania
		Romania, Southeast Europe’s largest and most populous nation, identifies with U.S. interests as shown in its support of NATO actions in the former Yugoslavia.
		Romania’s expressed interest in joining western institutions — and in fuller integration into the international economy — was demonstrated most recently in the intensified efforts of the Government of Romania to move forward on painful, long-postponed economic reforms.
		Romania reached agreement with the International Monetary Fund and World Bank for a structural adjustment package of $1.5 billion based on measures taken by Romania to meet loan conditions such as tightening fiscal policy, privatizing and restructuring elements of the financial sector, and enacting legislation to improve the business climate.
	www.usaid.gov /pubs/bj2001/ee/ro (1567 words)

	Economy of Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		After the collapse of the Soviet Bloc in 1989-91, Romania was left with an obsolete industrial base and a pattern of industrial capacity wholly unsuited to itsneeds.
		Romania reached an agreement with the International Monetary Fund in August for a $547 million loan, but release of the secondtranche was postponed in October because of unresolved private sector lending requirements and differences over budgetaryspending.
		Romania is a country of considerable potential: rich agricultural lands; diverse energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas,hydro, and nuclear); a substantial, if aging, industrial base encompassing almost the full range of manufacturing activities; anintelligent, well-trained work force; and opportunities for expanded development in tourism on the Black Sea and in themountains.
	www.therfcc.org /economy-of-romania-54046.html (1554 words)

	Romania's Turbulent Economy
		Throughout this period, Romania undergoes a transformation of gargantuan proportion in terms of its economy.
		It is therefore not incorrect to state that Romania's economic policy was not really that of the country's, but rather that of one man; Nicolae Ceausescu.
		Romania began participating in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1971; joined the IMF and World Bank in 1972; and in 1973 became the first CMEA country to receive generalized trade preferences from the European Economic Community (EEC).
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/Economics/Economic_History/Romania/ecohist_rom_turbul.htm (1007 words)

	S.C. Leader Investment & Consulting SA - Economy of Romania
		Romania's total population is 21.7 million, making it the 9th largest in Europe.
		Romania's recent progress in structural reforms should lead to lasting improvements in public sector finances.
		Romania is proving to be a most interesting opportunity for investors, as the speculators are replaced by major players anxious to secure their place in a rapidly growing, increasingly stable and ever more Western environment.
	www.leincor.com /economy.html (558 words)

	Romania economy \| Romanian Portal
		From 2000 onwards, however, the Romanian economy was transformed into one of relative macroeconomic stability, characterised by high growth, low unemployment and declining inflation.
		In 2006, GDP growth was recorded at 7.7%, one of the highest rates in Europe.[13] Unemployment in Romania was at 5.0% in September 2006[14] which is very low compared to other middle-sized or large European countries such as Poland, France, Germany and Spain.
		Romania's main exports are clothing and textiles, industrial machinery, electrical and electronic equipment, metallurgic products, raw materials, cars, military equipment, software, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, and flowers).
	www.romanian.eu.com /romania-economy (360 words)

	Estimating the size of underground economy in Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The main goal of the study presented in the paper is to overcome the deficiencies of the econometric approach for estimating the size of the underground economy by deeper investigation of the behavioral aspects of participation of the different groups of population in the informal sector.
		It estimates the size of the informal economy, analyses the relationship between different types of income, and explores the dynamics of the informal economy.
		So, the size of the underground economy in Romania could be considered as a function of the level of its citizens’ official earnings.
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC16336.htm (360 words)

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