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Topic: Economy of Turkey

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	Turkey - ECONOMY
		Turkey was one of the first countries to develop regional planning, a major challenge given the limited development of eastern and southeastern Anatolia.
		Turkey's varied ecology allows farmers to grow many crops, yet the bulk of the arable land and the greater part of the farm population traditionally have been dedicated to producing cereal crops, which supply 70 percent of Turkey's food consumption in terms of calories.
		Turkey is the main pulse producer in the Middle East, and pulse output increased dramatically from an annual average of 617,000 tons in the 1970-75 period to more than 1.1 million tons in the 1980-85 period.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/turkey/ECONOMY.html (18792 words)

	Turkish Odyssey/About Turkey/State policies/Economy
		Since the Republic of Turkey was founded on the social and economic heritage of the Ottoman Empire, it inherited a heavy burden of debts and an economic structure that had been based completely on agriculture.
		Turkey is one of about only 8 countries in the world which consistently produces surplus food and cattle for export.
		Turkey is believed to be rich in a wide variety of mineral deposits which are mostly governed by the state sector.
	www.turkishodyssey.com /turkey/state/economy.htm (2327 words)

	Economy of Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turkey's economy is an industry and traditional economy where agriculture sector that in 2005 still accounted for 30% of employment.
		Turkey along with the United States, is one of the world's largest producers of boron.
		Turkey is obliged to apply EU (European Union) employment and social laws to qualify for membership.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economy_of_Turkey (2207 words)

	Turkey Economy
		Turkey began a series of reforms in the 1980s designed to shift the economy from a statist, insulated system to a more private-sector, market-based model.
		Turkey's failure to pursue additional reforms, combined with large and growing public sector deficits, resulted in high inflation, increasing macroeconomic volatility, and a weak banking sector.
		Turkey has a number of bilateral investment and tax treaties, including with the United States, that guarantee free repatriation of capital in convertible currencies and eliminate double taxation.
	www.traveldocs.com /tr/economy.htm (1638 words)

	Turkey (04/06)
		In the 1990s, Turkey’s economy suffered from a series of coalition governments with weak economic policies, leading to a boom-and-bust cycle culminating in a severe banking and economic crisis in 2001 and a deep economic downturn (GNP fell 9.5% in 2001) and increase in unemployment.
		Though Turkey’s vulnerabilities have been greatly reduced, the economy could still face problems in the event there is a sudden change in investor sentiment that leads to a sharp fall in the exchange rate.
		Turkey entered NATO in 1952 and serves as the organization's vital eastern anchor, controlling the straits leading from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean and sharing a border with Syria, Iraq, and Iran.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3432.htm (3901 words)

	Turkish Economy
		Turkey, as it is evident from its being one of the few countries in the world that is self-sufficient in food, is a main producer of agricultural products.
		In Turkey the size of families has become smaller and because urbanization problems have arisen, people have started to live in apartment blocks in the urban areas and in smaller houses in the rural areas.
		Turkey’s official candidate status for full membership in the EU is a landmark event for both Europe and Turkey.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /info/facts/Economy.htm (2611 words)

	Turkey - Economy
		Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that still accounts for more than 35% of employment.
		The economy is turning around with the implementation of economic reforms, and 2004 GDP growth reached 9%.
		Prior to 2005, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey averaged less than $1 billion annually, but further economic and judicial reforms and prospective EU membership are expected to boost FDI.
	www.exxun.com /Turkey/e_ec.html (638 words)

	Global Trade Negotiations Home Page
		Turkey's economy has been boosted recently by the American rebuilding of its neighbor Iraq, having made deals with the United States Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) in Iraq worth $200 million, including $110 million in transport equipment like tanks and railway cars.
		With consistent GDP growth of 5.4% during the 1980s and 4.1% in the period 1990-98, Turkey gradually improved its position in the global economy; however, domestic political turmoil after 1998, repercussions of the Marmara earthquake in 1999, and the compounding effects of Russia's financial crisis abruptly led the Turkish economy to near collapse by 2000.
		Though Turkey's industrial sector is still dominated by large state-owned industries, the government continues to follow a strategy of gradually reducing the economic role of the state, and acceleration in the rate of privatization is expected.
	www.cid.harvard.edu /cidtrade/gov/turkeygov.html (1002 words)

	Holidays in Turkey
		Turkey is a secular country with a population that is more than 95% Moslem.
		Within the context of Turkey, by "secularism" one should understand the separation of religion from politics, not from the government.
		Official working hours in Turkey are from 09:00 to 17:00, however, this has started to change some since the first years of the 90s, due to the change of
	www.guidetoturkey.com /aboutturkey/info_tips/holidays.asp (277 words)

	SAMEfn - The Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		According to the World Bank, Turkey ranked sixteenth among 127 countries with her almost 3 per cent annual increase in per capita income between 1980-1999.....
		Turkey had followed an economic policy based on the substitution of imports.
		He made courageous structural changes in the economy, turning it from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy.
	www.wavetec.com /samefn/economy_turkey.htm (71 words)

	Economy Of Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		If you would like to use this flag of Turkey or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this map of Turkey or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this information for Turkey or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /country_guides/turkey_country_economy.shtml (517 words)

	Turkey Economy - Articles, reviews and resources for hotels and travel in Turkey. (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Turkey, a secular Muslim country that was once a fervent supporter of NATO and an enthusiastic applicant to the European Union, has increasingly cooled toward its American and European allies while warming toward Iran.
		Turkey: Economy, Politics and Society in the Post-Crisis Era Umit Cizre and Erinc Yeldan The current economic and political crisis in Turkey is not the end result of a set of technical errors or...
		Economy Main article: Economy of Turkey Turkey's economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a...
	www.allturkeyshotels.com.cob-web.org:8888 /hotelsinturkey/turkeyeconomy (1146 words)

	Turkey's economy looks for daylight Global Finance - Find Articles
		Economy minister Kemal Dervis has had some recent successes, but the big picture is still dark for Turkey.
		This is partly due to internal problems and partly due to the continued weakening of the US economy and the uncertain outlook in other developed and emerging countries.
		Economy minister Kemal Dervis, hailed as the wizard who could turn Turkey around when he was brought home from his World Bank job in March, is losing credibility as the currency sinks, inflation reignites, and business implodes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3715/is_200110/ai_n8983152 (945 words)

	CNN.com - Turkey economy package promised - April 13, 2001
		Economy Minister Kemal Dervis' announcement is due on Saturday -- the same day that unions are calling on people to demonstrate against the sixth rise in the price of patrol in as many weeks.
		Turkey's Central Bank Governor Sureyya Serdengecti said the programme was aimed at attracting foreign loans and arrest the lira's continuing slide.
		Serdengecti said the rapid stabilization of the lira was a priority for the new economic team but he was confident the risks of a floating currency -- the crawling peg having been abandoned on February 22 -- could be managed through market mechanisms.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/04/13/turkey.economy/index.html (405 words)

	Economy of Turkey
		Economy - overview: Turkey has a dynamic economy that is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with traditional village agriculture and crafts.
		After a sharp drop in 1994, real GNP averaged 6.5% annual growth in 1995-98; it then fell about 5% in 1999 as Turkey was adversely affected by Russia's economic crisis and two major earthquakes.
		The already-large public sector[?] fiscal deficit widened in 1999 to perhaps 14% of GDP - due in large part to the huge burden of interest payments which accounted for 42% of central grovernment spending.
	www.fastload.org /ec/Economy_of_Turkey.html (407 words)

	1Up Travel > Turkey Economy - Economic Facts of Turkey is here.
		Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with traditional agriculture that still accounts for nearly 40% of employment.
		Meanwhile the public sector fiscal deficit has regularly exceeded 10% of GDP - due in large part to the huge burden of interest payments, which now account for more than 40% of central government spending - while inflation has remained in the high double digit range.
		Prospects for the future are improving, however, because the ECEVIT government since June 1999 has been implementing an IMF-backed reform program, including a tighter budget, social security reform, banking reorganization, and accelerated privatization.
	www.1uptravel.com /international/middleeast/turkey/economy.html (458 words)

	Economy - Turkey - Middle East: turkey economy, 1990s economy, banking foreign, turkish economy, budget deficit
		Turkey’s manufacturing sector has grown considerably since 1950, but in the early 1990s farming still engaged nearly half the labor force.
		The government has a great deal of influence over the Turkish economy and owns several important industries.
		In the mid-1990s the economy was beset by a growing budget deficit and an annual rate of inflation as high as 150 percent.
	www.countriesquest.com /middle_east/turkey/economy.htm (113 words)

	Turkey Economy, Economy Of Turkey, Turkey Economy Overview, Statistics on Turkey Economy, Turkey Economic Profile, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Turkey Economy, Economy Of Turkey, Turkey Economy Overview, Statistics on Turkey Economy, Turkey Economic Profile, Economic Profiles Of Turkey, Turkey In The World Economy (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu)
		Turkey is a lower middle-income country comes under the Europe and Central Asian region,
		The annual percentage growth rate of GDP has increased to 6.2 percent in 2004 from 6.0 percent in the previous year.
	www.economywatch.com.cob-web.org:8888 /world_economy/turkey/index.html (319 words)

	Economic history of Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		At the time of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire (see Economy of the Ottoman Empire) during World War I, the Turkish economy was underdeveloped: agriculture depended on outmoded techniques and poor-quality livestock, and the few factories producing basic products such as sugar and flour were under foreign control.
		In addition, the emigration of Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, who had dominated urban economic life, caused a shortage of skilled laborers and entrepreneurs.
		In the absence of serious structural reforms, Turkey ran chronic current account deficits usually financed by external borrowing that made the country's external debt rise from decade to decade, reaching by 1980 about US$16.2 billion, or more than one-quarter of annual gross domestic product.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Economic_history_of_Turkey (2377 words)

	Turkey - Economy
		Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounted for 40% of employment.
		In late 2000 and early 2001 a growing trade deficit and serious weaknesses in the banking sector plunged the economy into crisis - forcing Turkey to float the lira and pushing the country into recession.
		Keywords: Turkey Economy, Turkey, Economy, country of Turkey, general information, country reports, classbrain, country information, Economy of Turkey
	www.classbrain.com /art_cr/publish/turkey_economy.shtml (369 words)

	SSRN-Inflation, Output, and Stabilization in a High Inflation Economy: Turkey, 1980-2000 by Aykut Kibritçioğlu, ...
		This paper surveys and examines the sources of fluctuations in inflation and output in Turkey.
		Using a dynamic open economy aggregate supply - aggregate demand model with imperfect capital mobility and structural vector-autoregressions, the authors consider real oil price, supply, balance of payments, real demand, and monetary disturbances.
		Kibritcioglu, Aykut and Dibooglu, Selahattin, "Inflation, Output, and Stabilization in a High Inflation Economy: Turkey, 1980-2000" (July 2001).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=277975 (326 words)

	Turkey - now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Since 9/11, the US unilateralism has been widely interpreted as a projection of hard power to enhance own interests, rather than defending and disseminating values such as human rights...
		With more than 7000 foreign capital establishments, including over 100 of the Fortune Top 500 companies, Turkey is a proven investment location and premier export platform.
		Turkey is recognized for its important role in the WTO >>
	www.turkey-now.org (257 words)

	The Black Economy In Turkey: An Empirical Investigation
		The existing economic literature on the fl economy and its measurable size is mainly based on industrialized western countries.
		According to the monetary approach that this paper has also adopted, the size of the fl economy in Turkey has an ever increasing trend and reached nearly 10% of its GNP in 1997.
		And currently, the Turkish government is trying to increase taxes, which may lead to a further expansion in the size of the fl economy in Turkey.
	ideas.repec.org /p/wpa/wuwpma/0503011.html (287 words)

	SSRN-The Political Economy of Turkey's Justice and Development Party by Ziya Onis
		Focusing on the party's relations with the IMF, an attempt will made to evaluate the achievements and limitations of the JDP government to date with respect to the implementation of the economic program in the realm of fiscal adjustment and longer-term economic reforms.
		Looking towards the future, the paper will also consider some of the problems that the JDP government faces in establishing a sustained, equitable and crisis-free trajectory of economic growth in Turkey in the next few years.
		Onis, Ziya, "The Political Economy of Turkey's Justice and Development Party" (November 4, 2004).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=659463 (450 words)

	Turkey: Economy and Business
		Lameta Real Estate and Relocation - Lameta Real Estate and Relocation - As the Turkey representative of Cendant, RRI and Eurohome we provide more than ten years, properties and relocation services according to your needs.
		Real Estate Advisers of Turkey - Real Estate Advisers of Turkey - Sell and rent houses in Turkey at the sea side.
		Turkey Real Estate Turkish Property For Sale - Turkey Real Estate Turkish Property For Sale - Turkey Real Estate have agents in all the Turkey resorts to help you to find your dream Turkish property for sale.
	www.escapeartist.com /turkey/economy.html (659 words)

	Zülküf Aydin: The Political Economy of Turkey, University of Michigan Press
		This book analyses the poliltical and socio-economic problems faced by Turkey in recent decades and the country's gradual integration into the global economy.
		Since the 1970s, Turkey has faced some of the most serious crises since the Republic was established in 1923.
		The author argues that this state of affairs is symptomatic of a deeper, more enduring crisis arising from the way in which Turkey has been integrated into the global economy.
	www.press.umich.edu /titleDetailDesc.do?id=136683 (203 words)

	Homes Abroad Turkey Estate Agents - the Economy in Turkey (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The challenge now is to build on those achievements and exploit Turkey's potential as a rapidly-growing and increasingly sophisticated economy.
		Turkey's system of government is based on free and democratic elections.
		Any decision to invest should not be based upon the above information and should only be made after taking independent financial and legal advice.
	www.homesabroadturkey.com.cob-web.org:8888 /about_Turkey/economy.htm (124 words)

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