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Topic: Economy of Ukraine

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	Ukraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The territory of present-day Ukraine was a key centre of East Slavic culture in the Middle Ages, before being divided between a variety of powers, notably Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Austria, Romania and the Ottoman Empire.
		Ukraine is distinguished as one of the first nations to fight the Axis powers in Carpatho-Ukraine, and one that saw some of the greatest bloodshed during the war.
		Ukraine is a democracy under a semi-presidential system with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ukraine (2683 words)

	Encyclopedia: Economy of Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The macro economy is stable, with the hyperinflation of earlier in the decade having been tamed.
		Ukraine's failure to meet monetary targets and/or structural reform commitments caused the EFF to either be suspended or disbursements delayed on several occasions.
		Ukraine met most monetary targets for the EFF disbursement due in early 2002; however, the tranche was not disbursed due to the accumulation of a large amount of VAT refund arrears to Ukrainian exporters which amounted to a hidden budget deficit.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Economy-of-Ukraine (2890 words)

	Ukraine -> Economy on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ukraine's steppe is one of the chief wheat-producing regions of Europe, and the area was long known as the “breadbasket of the Soviet Union.” Other major crops include corn, rye, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, sunflowers, and flax.
		Ukraine possesses numerous raw materials and power resources, and its central and E regions form one of the world's densest industrial concentrations.
		Ukraine: from an imperial periphery to a sovereign state.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Ukraine_Economy.asp (612 words)

	MSN Encarta - Ukraine
		Ukraine is bordered on the west by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary; on the southwest by Romania and Moldova; on the south by the Black Sea and Sea of Azov; on the east and northeast by Russia; and on the north by Belarus.
		In 1918 a Bolshevik (Communist) government was established in Ukraine, and in 1922 the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) was one of the four founding republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
		In the forest zone, beech trees are widespread in the west; linden, oak, and pine are found in the swamps and meadows in the north and northwest; and spruce is prevalent in the northeast.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761573617 (758 words)

	Economy of Ukraine -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ukraine's (The metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used) currency, the (The basic unit of money in Ukraine) hryvnia, was introduced in September 1996, and has remained fairly stable.
		The economy remains burdened by excessive government regulation, and while small and medium enterprises have been largely (Click link for more info and facts about privatized) privatized, much remains to be done to restructure and privatize key sectors such as energy and ((often plural) systems used in transmitting messages over a distance electronically) telecommunications.
		Ukraine established its first nature preserve, Askanyia-Nova, in 1921 and has a program to breed (A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction) endangered species.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ec/economy_of_ukraine.htm (1585 words)

	Ukraine Economy
		Ukraine's currency, the hryvnia, was introduced in September 1996 and has remained stable until quite recently.
		The economy remains burdened by excessive government regulation, corruption, and lack of law enforcement, and while small and medium enterprises have been largely privatized, much remains to be done to restructure and privatize key sectors such as energy and telecommunications.
		Total foreign direct investment in Ukraine is approximately $7.72 billion as of October 1, 2004, which, at $162 per capita, is still one of the lowest figures in the region.
	www.traveldocs.com /ua/economy.htm (986 words)

	The economy (from Ukraine) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Ukraine's modern economy was developed as an integral part of the larger economy of the Soviet Union.
		The year 1999 proved to be a significant one for Ukraine, with a divisive presidential election, the death of a charismatic opposition leader, and the flight abroad of a former prime minister.
		A republic in eastern Europe, Ukraine borders Russia to the north and east, the Black Sea to the south, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland to the west.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-30104?tocId=30104 (934 words)

	Embassy of Ukraine. Economy of Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Despite uncertain situation in global economy the growth of real GDP in the first half of 2004 was 12.7% over the same period last year.
		The economic growth, in general, is mostly determined by growth of export, caused by increasing of economy competitiveness as well as the significant increasing of domestic demand.
		Both externally and internally oriented sectors of the economy are expanding rapidly, and the country's external accounts are in very good shape, says the rating agency.
	www.ukremb.ca /ukraine/eco/economy.html (890 words)

	Ukraine (08/05)
		The economy remains burdened by excessive government regulation, corruption, and lack of law enforcement, and while the Yushchenko government has taken steps against corruption and small and medium enterprises have been largely privatized, much remains to be done to restructure and privatize key sectors such as energy and telecommunications.
		Ukraine maintains peaceful and constructive relations with all its neighbors, though there are some unresolved maritime issues along the Danube and in the Black Sea with Romania; it has especially close ties with Poland and Russia.
		Ukraine co-founded the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) on December 8, 1991, but in January 1993 it refused to endorse a draft charter strengthening political, economic, and defense ties among CIS members.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3211.htm (4860 words)

	About Ukraine - Government & Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ukraine’s first direct presidential election was held in 1991.
		Ukraine was the last of the former Soviet republics to adopt a new constitution.
		In the 1930s Ukraine experienced a rapid and extensive industrial upsurge, mainly in the mineral-rich Donets’ka and Kryvyy Rih regions.
	www.camomiles.net /portfolio/hopeforukraine/ukraineinfo/govec.htm (365 words)

	Ukraine - Economy
		Ukraine depends on imports of energy, especially natural gas, to meet some 85% of its annual energy requirements.
		Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks.
		Outside institutions - particularly the IMF - have encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms.
	www.exxun.com /Ukraine/e_ec.html (774 words)

	Economy - Ukraine - Europe
		Ukraine was the second-ranking Soviet republic in industrial and agricultural production, after Russia.
		Long known as the “breadbasket of Europe,” Ukraine traditionally had a highly developed agricultural sector because of its vast, fertile lands.
		In the 1930s Ukraine experienced a rapid and extensive industrial upsurge, mainly in the mineral-rich Donets’k and Kryvyy Rih regions.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/ukraine/economy.htm (238 words)

	Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Soviet industrialization of Ukraine, especially in the Donetsk basin, has left a legacy of air pollution, and industrial runoff into the Dnieper River has contributed to the pollution and decay of the Black Sea.
		Ukraine's heavy dependence on coal accounts for the fact that this fuel makes up nearly half (46.8%) of the country's carbon emissions, with the remainder coming from natural gas (39.4%) and oil (13.9%).
		Ukraine's energy intensity in 1999 at 101.3 thousand Btu/$1990 was more than 8 times that of the United States (12.6 thousand Btu/$1990) and more than 15 times that of Japan (6.5 thousand Btu/$1990).
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/ukrenv.html (1994 words)

	Challenge: Ukraine: Europe's Forgotten Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ukraine is about the same geographic size as France and, with 50 million people, almost as populous.
		Ukraine is the last large prize that the West can hope to win from the cold war, strategically placed between Poland and the Big Bear, a member of NATO's Partnership for Peace, and reluctantly compliant in the Kosovo campaign.
		Ukraine is just "too big to fail" in the West's geopolitical scheme of things.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1093/is_6_43/ai_68159409 (1297 words)

	[No title]
		Ukraine's complex and contradictory tax system as well as the overall high tax rates are cited by both foreign and domestic businesses as a major deterrent to investment.
		Ukraine's tremendous agricultural potential will not be utilized until further issues affecting the private ownership of land and the development of a market for property are resolved.
		Ukraine forecast 5.9 billion hryvnia in revenues in the year 2001, a figure which will not be met due to the decision to extend the overly optimistic timeline for privatization of the national telecom carrier.
	www.bisnis.doc.gov /bisnis/country/010814CCG2002.htm (15181 words)

	Economy
		Endowed with good natural resources, superb agricultural land, a well-educated population, ethnic peace, and a strategic location in Europe, Ukraine was positioned to be one of the most successful of the former Soviet states in attracting the foreign investment needed to restructure its economy.
		The economy is burdened by wage nonpayment and arrears, and the shadow economy (defined as activity deliberately unreported for purposes of tax evasion) accounted for a significant proportion of real income.
		Total foreign direct investment in Ukraine is approximately $7.32 billion as of July 1, 2004, which, at $154 per capita, is still one of the lowest figures in the region.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/ukraine/economy.htm (1319 words)

	InternationalReports.net : Ukraine 2002
		In the former Soviet Union, Ukraine was the republic in which all the main high-tech enterprises were concentrated.
		Historically, Ukraine is known to be the breadbasket of Europe while contemporary Ukraine is considered to be an industrial country.
		We are counting on common sense to prevail, for the IMF to acknowledge the realistic evaluation of the situation in Ukraine.
	www.internationalreports.net /europe/ukraine/2002/thesecret.html (1448 words)

	Economy of Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Despite increasing pressure from the IMF to accelerate reform, substantial economic restructuring remains unlikely in 2000, largely because of resistance in the communist-dominated legislature to further privatization.
		Although Ukraines long-running dispute with Russia over about $1.4 billion in arrears on past gas sales appeared to have been solved through a complex repayment agreement involving Eurobound to be issued by Ukraines national oil and gas monopoly (NaftoHaz Ukrainy) to Russias Gazprom, Russia has not yet accepted the bonds, so the issue remains open.
		Ukraine has significant environmental problems, especially those resulting from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and from industrial pollution.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Ukraine/Economy-of-Ukraine.html (1442 words)

	ICONS Project \| Research Library \| Countries \| Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union until 1991.
		The presidential election held in November and December 2004 in Ukraine was mostly a political battle between Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych and former Prime Minister and opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko.
		Ukraine must also import nearly all of its energy needs, creating a further drain on the economy.
	www.icons.umd.edu /pls/reslib/country.output_country_page?simnum=&name=&v_country_id=183 (492 words)

	Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The area of Ukraine was less than 3 percent of the total area of the USSR, its population was some 20 percent of the total Soviet population, yet Ukraine produced approximately 28 percent of the gross national product (GNP) and about 40 percent of the advanced technological industries were located in Ukraine.
		Ukraine was the breadbasket of the Russian Empire and Europe.
		Ukraine was the chief mining and metallurgical base in the Russian Empire.
	www.usukraine.org /cpp/economy.htm (1347 words)

	Ukraine Economy
		The International Federation of Phonographic Industry countered by saying that "Ukraine is the largest exporter of pirated CDs to Europe, with tens of millions of high quality illegal copies shipped each year to markets throughout Europe and as far away as South America." At any rate, anti-American sentiments are running higher than usual.
		Ukraine has agreed to cut its output by 11 million tons annually (out of a total world production reduction of 97.5 million tons).
		Ukraine is a major target for Russian investors, especially from the energy sector.
	www.cdi.org /russia/Johnson/6009-4.cfm (861 words)

	http://potato/ethics/Countries/Ukraine/stake.html
		The breakup of the former Soviet Union, and, with it, the fall of Soviet Communism has led to a period of transition and uncertainty in the economy of Ukraine.
		Ukraine’s government has utilized privatization, free prices on consumer goods, currency exchange, internal and external trade, and cuts on industry subsidies in order to survive as an independent nation.
		Unsurprisingly, more and more business in Ukraine is being done beyond the bounds of government regulations; both government and independent experts believe that this method of conducting business accounts for approximately 60% of all the economic activity in the country.
	www.pitt.edu /AFShome/e/t/ethics/public/html/Ukraine/stake.html (1713 words)

	Ukraine, Economy
		KIEV, Jan 15 (Reuters) - Ukraine posted record economic growth last year, fuelled by a rise in industrial output, stronger exports and a good harvest but the expansion is expected to slow down in 2002, the government said on Tuesday.
		Ukraine suffered almost a decade of recession after independence from Moscow in 1991.
		Ukraine, which was once known as the breadbasket of the Soviet Union but then saw its agricultural sector crumble, harvested its best grain harvest in many years in 2001.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/6024-11.cfm (367 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Ukraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ukraine was the center of the first Slavic state, Kievan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe.
		Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine was able to bring about a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and forced to endure a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two artificial famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died.
		Although final independence for Ukraine was achieved in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/print/up.html (1705 words)

	Ukraine
		Ukraine is bordered by Belarus on the north, by Russia on the north and east, by the Black Sea on the south, by Moldova and Romania on the southwest, and by Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland on the west.
		In 1922, Ukraine became one of the founders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
		Ukraine remains saddled with its Soviet-era economy, and most of its major industries are still under state control.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0108070.html (1200 words)

	Ukraine Now - Economy - Ukraine Introduces Private Pension Plans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ukraine is on the edge of 5,000 drivers strike
		Ukraine and Russia on the edge of the elections
		Ukraine is on the edge of 5,000 drivers strike'>Ukraine is on the edge of 5,000 drivers strike
	www.ukrnow.com /content/view/59/27 (719 words)

	Ukraine - Economy
		Shortly after independence in December 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking.
		Now in his second term, President KUCHMA has pledged to reduce the number of government agencies, streamline the regulatory process, create a legal environment to encourage entrepreneurs, and enact a comprehensive tax overhaul.
		Growth of 4.1% in 2002 was more moderate, in part a reflection of faltering growth in the developed world.
	www.classbrain.com /art_cr/publish/printer_ukraine_economy.shtml (455 words)

	Ukraine Gateway
		Wolfensohn was interested to learn the development of high-tech in Ukraine and visited Kvazar-Micro Corporation, which is one of the UDG partners.
		By this time, the number of countries (such as Ukraine, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Moldova and Romania) has joint the initiative and are at the beginning stages of developing the web portals.
		Ukraine Development Gateway Project (from herein – UDG) is an integral part of the Global Development Gateway Project.
	www.ukraine-gateway.org.ua (781 words)

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