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Topic: Economy of Venezuela

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	Venezuela - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The economy of Venezuela is built upon the nation’s rich petroleum and mineral resources.
		Venezuela also is a major producer of natural gas; output in 2003 was 29.7 billion cubic meters (1.05 trillion cubic feet).
		Venezuela has tapped its vast reserves of bitumen to produce liquid coal, an emulsion of bitumen and water principally for use in power plants.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761560608___13/Venezuela.html (1435 words)

	Venezuela ECONOMY
		The Venezuelan economy is therefore greatly influenced by petroleum market conditions and Venezuela through its membership in OPEC has exercised influence on the rest of the world.
		Venezuela's GDP growth rate declined from 3.2% in 1978 to zero in 1979, with a negative rate of 1.5% recorded in 1980.
		Venezuela and many other Third World countries were left holding large amounts of high-interest short-term obligations with no way to earn the money in the stagnating world economy to pay them off.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Americas/Venezuela-ECONOMY.html (925 words)

	Economy of Venezuela
		Since 1950s to the beginning of 1980s the Venezuelan economy was the strongest in South America.
		Venezuelan officials estimate the economy contracted 7.2% in 1999.
		The petroleum sector dominates the economy, accounting for roughly a third of GDP, around 80% of export earnings, and more than half of government operating revenues.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ec/Economy_of_Venezuela.html (492 words)

	Venezuela - GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
		Although Venezuela reaped greater benefits from its generous oil endowment after 1943, widespread corruption and deceit by foreign companies and indifferent military dictators still flourished to the detriment of economic development.
		With the arrival of democracy in 1958, Venezuela's new leaders concentrated on the oil industry as the main source of financing for their reformist economic and social policies.
		By 1989, however, the economy could no longer support the high rates of subsidies and the increasing foreign debt burden, particularly in light of the nearly 50 percent reduction of the price of oil during 1986.
	countrystudies.us /venezuela/22.htm (1216 words)

	Venezuela Economy
		The economy recovered strongly in 2004 (17.9%), after two consecutive years of deep economic recession (in 2003, Venezuelan GDP contracted 7.7%, after contracting 8.9% in 2002).
		Venezuela’s Gaseous Hydrocarbons Law provides significantly more liberal terms and two large natural gas projects are in the early stages of development.
		Its stated goal is to develop a South American bloc prior to engaging in negotiations with the U.S. Manufacturing contributed an estimated 17% of GDP in 2005, growing by 9%.
	www.traveldocs.com /ve/economy.htm (1469 words)

	Venezuela: ECONOMY
		Venezuela’s present-day agriculture is characterized by inefficiency and low investment, with 70 percent of agricultural land owned by 3 percent of agricultural proprietors (one of the highest levels of land concentration in Latin America).
		However, Venezuela’s 2001 Hydrocarbons Law, which became effective in January 2002, is expected to discourage foreign investment in the Venezuelan oil industry by raising royalties paid by private companies to between 20 percent and 30 percent, as compared with the previous 1 percent to 16.7 percent.
		Venezuela and China are to organize a USD 6 billion fund to finance large infrastructure projects in the South American country, the Venezuelan Ministry of...
	www.mongabay.com /reference/new_profiles/612.html (4689 words)

	Venezuela Energy Related Environmental Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Venezuela's established hydrocarbon industry is the source of much of the country's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which are on the rise.
		Venezuela's usage of non-hydro renewable energy resources is minuscule, although the country has significant potential for the use of solar, photovoltaic and wind power.
		Venezuela has the potential to wean itself from its reliance on fossil fuels, given the country's substantial hydropower potential in and the significant untapped solar energy resources.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/venenv.html (2151 words)

	South-Western EconNews: Venezuela's Economy Headed South
		Venezuela has one of the most highly regulated economies in the world.
		Venezuela's new Finance Minister, Jose Alejandro Rojas, modified these projections and revealed that the decrease will likely be in the order of 3 to 4 percent.
		Another source of Venezuela's economic difficulties is the lack of a coherent economic policy.
	www.swlearning.com /economics/econ_news/venezuela.html (416 words)

	Venezuela - The Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although the petroleum industry has dominated the Venezuelan economy since the 1920s, aluminum, steel, and petrochemicals diversified the economy's industrial base during the 1980s.
		Because of its immense mineral wealth, Venezuela in 1990 was also poised to become an international leader in the export of coal, iron, steel, and aluminum.
		As a result, Venezuela's income distribution was uneven, and its social indicators were lower than the expected level for a country with Venezuela's level of per capita income.
	countrystudies.us /venezuela/21.htm (276 words)

	SICE - ECLAC - Economy of Venezuela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1997 the Venezuelan economy began to reap the benefits of the previous year’s adjustment programme, pulling out of its recession and ending the year with a growth rate of no less than 5%, to which both the oil and non-oil sectors(mainly construction) contributed.
		Midway through the year an amendment to the Omnibus Labour Act was passed which laid the foundations for an in-depth restructuring of the social security system involving the recapitalization of the Venezuelan Social Security Institute and the future establishment of private pension funds.
		As of the end of November, the average price for Venezuela’s oil exports for the year as a whole was nearly 10% below its 1996 level, which led to an erosion of the country’s terms of trade.
	www.sice.oas.org /geograph/westernh/97/ovven_e.asp (1370 words)

	Venezuela - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Venezuela (IPA: [ˌvɛnɪˈzweɪlə]; Spanish: Venezuela, IPA: [beneˈswela]), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America.
		Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north, especially in the largest metropolis, Caracas.
		Venezuela is divided into twenty-three states (estados), a capital district (distrito capital) corresponding to the city of Caracas, the Federal Dependencies (Dependencias Federales, a special territory), and Guayana Esequiba (claimed in a border dispute with Guyana).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Venezuela (3171 words)

	FT.com / In depth - Venezuela speeds up state takeover of industries
		Venezuela's government is accelerating plans to expropriate local agribusinesses and extend state control over foreign oil and mining industries, fulfilling President Hugo Chávez's “revolutionary” economic agenda.
		Hugo de los Reyes Chávez, the governor of the province of Barinas and the president's father, issued a decree on Monday expropriating a flour milling plant belonging to Polar, Venezuela's largest food company and the country's biggest private-sector employer.
		Oil companies are required to sign transitory operating contracts ahead of converting them into joint ventures with Petroleos de Venezuela, the state-owned oil company, in which the state will hold a majority stake.
	news.ft.com /cms/s/66124828-2f75-11da-8b51-00000e2511c8.html (459 words)

	Venezuelan Bolivar and Venezuelan currency information including currency exchange rates
		Venezuela is the world's fifth largest oil exporter and a major supplier of crude oil to the United States.
		Overview of the economy: Venezuela continues to be highly dependent on the petroleum sector, which accounts for roughly one-third of GDP, around 80% of export earnings, and more than half of government operating revenues.
		Venezuela is a huge exporter of oil and gas; in 2003, 84.9% of their exports were oil and gas.
	www.gocurrency.com /countries/venezuela.htm (1139 words)

	Economy Of Venezuela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		If you would like to use this flag of Venezuela or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this map of Venezuela or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this information for Venezuela or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /country_guides/venezuela_country_economy.shtml (383 words)

	Venezuela’s Economy Grew 9.4% in 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Caracas, Venezuela, December 29, 2005—Preliminary figures indicate that Venezuela’s economy grew by 9.4% in 2005, relative to the previous year, according to the end of year statement of Central Bank President Gaston Parra.
		Venezuela thus still has the highest inflation rates in Latin America, which is a problem it has been struggling with ever since the banking crisis of 1984.
		Venezuela’s economic growth in 2005, according to the Latin American research group CEPAL, is the highest in Latin America, followed by Argentina (8.6%), Uruguay, Peru, and Chile (6% each).
	www.venezuelanalysis.com /news.php?newsno=1857 (798 words)

	Venezuela Economy - overview - Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Venezuela continues to be highly dependent on the petroleum sector, accounting for roughly one-third of GDP, around 80% of export earnings, and over half of government operating revenues.
		Venezuela continues to be an important source of crude oil for the US market.
		Definition: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization.
	www.indexmundi.com /venezuela/economy_overview.html (212 words)

	MapZones.com : Venezuela Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The economy of Venezuela is built upon the nation’s valuable petroleum and mineral resources.
		High petroleum prices in the early 1980s gave the nation the highest annual per capita income in South America, but in the early 1990s a weak global oil market, coupled with political instability and a crisis in the banking system, produced a series of economic shocks for the nation.
		The modernization and diversification of its economy have been predicated upon the application of petroleum area earnings to other economic sectors; “sowing the oil” (“sembrando el petróleo”) has been the slogan since the 1940s.
	www.mapzones.com /world/south_america/venezuela/economyindex.php (367 words)

	Venezuela Uneasy About Economy - International Business Times -
		Venezuela has experienced a series of boom-and-bust cycles when high oil prices led to a surge in spending only to have the economy crash when prices eventually fell.
		Venezuela's economy is expected to expand at least 8 percent this year, the fastest growth in South America, according to the U.N. Economic Commission for Latin American and the Caribbean.
		There are other signs of an economy surging with cash: banks offer loans for plastic surgery, property rentals in swanky parts of Caracas rival those in major U.S. cities and Venezuelans have imported more than half a billion dollars in cellular phones this year.
	ibtimes.com /articles/20061130/venezuela-election-economy.htm (1014 words)

	Red Pepper's Venezuela Blog: Economy
		The documentary looks at the impact of neoliberalism on Venezuela, Latin America and other parts of the world and what Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez's goverment is doing to stop neoliberalism and create an alternative in Venezuela.
		Venezuela's economy to grow 10 percent in 2006 - Chavez
		Last week venezuelanalysis.com journalist Michael Fox attended a meeting where representatives from all of Venezuela's 100,000+ cooperatives gathered in Caracas to launch a new coordinating body for the country's cooperative movement.
	redpepper.blogs.com /venezuela/economy/index.html (869 words)

	Travel to Venezuela: Oil Economy and the Environment in Venezuela
		Foreign-based private oil companies have always made their home in Venezuela, supplying a steady flow of oil to the United States, the most hydrocarbon-hungry nation on the planet and the top consumer of Venezuelan oil.
		Now, for the first time, Venezuela's oil economy is actually working for the poor.
		As a result, Venezuelan social movements are now pushing for the development of ecological consciousness in the country by fighting for the inclusion of ecosystems and environmental health issues within the government's revolutionary vision.
	www.globalexchange.org /tours/767.html (593 words)

	Venezuela: Economy
		Venezuela's mountains long impeded the nation's economic development because of the communications problems they presented.
		Venezuela is the largest foreign supplier of oil to the United States.
		A disproportionately high percentage of the population lives in poverty; after the end of the oil boom in the early 1980s, the percentage of poor Venezuelans has increased dramatically, from 28% to 68%.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0861772.html (296 words)

	GeographyIQ - World Atlas - South America - Venezuela - Economy
		Real GDP increased by 20.4% in January-September 2004 compared to the same period of 2003, after two consecutive years of deep economic recession (in 2003, Venezuelan GDP contracted 7.6%, after contracting 8.9% in 2002), and overall 2004 predictions range from 14 to 18% growth, with expectations for 2005 growth of 4 to 5%.
		Venezuelaâs Emerging Markets Bond Index investment risk rating, at 398 basis points, has dropped somewhat over 2004, but remains higher than all countries in the region except Argentina.
		Venezuelaâs Gaseous Hydrocarbons Law provides significantly more liberal terms and two large natural gas projects are in different stages of development.
	www.geographyiq.com /countries/ve/Venezuela_economy_summary.htm (1413 words)

	Venezuela's Economy Expanded 9.4% in 2005
		Venezuela's economy grew 9.4 percent in 2005 as President Hugo Chavez boosted government spending and increased subsidies for the South American country's poor.
		Venezuela's economy contracted 7.7 percent in 2003 and 8.9 percent in 2002.
		NOTE: The Venezuela Information Office is dedicated to informing the American public about contemporary Venezuela, and receives its funding from the government of Venezuela.
	www.rethinkvenezuela.com /news/12-29-05blo.html (178 words)

	Venezuela’s Economy Posts Strong First Quarter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Central Bank of Venezuela (BCV) revealed inflation figures for June rose to 1.9%, a 13-month high up from 1.6% in May. Price increases in the food and beverage sectors contributed to the increase.
		The Central Bank reports the nation’s economy grew at 9.4% in the first quarter of this year and international reserves increased to over $32 billion.
		Venezuela's Foreign Minister denounces at OAS the frequent negative statements by U.S. officials against President Chavez
	www.venezuelanalysis.com /news.php?newsno=2008 (737 words)

	Economy - Venezuela - South America: deficit national, economy venezuela, economy venezuela, economy nation, inflation ...
		Economy - Venezuela - South America: deficit national, economy venezuela, economy venezuela, economy nation, inflation national
		While resource extraction has assisted in developing an industrial economy, the nation is vulnerable to fluctuations in world markets.
		High petroleum prices in the early 1980s gave the country the highest annual per capita income in South America, but in the early 1990s a weak global oil market, coupled with political instability and a crisis in the banking system, produced a series of economic shocks for the country.
	www.countriesquest.com /south_america/venezuela/economy.htm (166 words)

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