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Topic: Ectotherms

	PlanetPapers - Metabolism: Effect of Temperature on edno and ectotherms
		Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body.
		An ectotherm, or cold blooded animal, warms its body mainly by absorbing heat from its surroundings.
		Because ectotherms do not produce their own heat, they cannot actively ensure their ideal temperature for an ideal metabolic rate (aquacult.htp).
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/1713.php (1087 words)

	Abstract: Metabolic Rates of an Endotherm and Ectotherms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Therefore, it was also hypothesized that the smaller ectothermic crickets would have the highest metabolic rate of the ectotherms, followed by the worms and then the snake.
		This could have been the cause of the great difference between the rat and the ectotherms that is not explained through the research done on differences in endothermic and ectothermic respiration.
		Also, the equipment used to test the ectotherms was proven to be somewhat inaccurate after the experimental control showed a large variance in CO levels in the container.
	spot.colorado.edu /~basey/jsills.html (582 words)

	Smoky Mountain News \| Outdoors
		Mammals are known as endotherms — warm-blooded —; while reptiles and amphibians are known as ectotherms — cold-blooded.
		Hibernating ectotherms begin with a metabolic rate often 10 times lower than mammals and that rate normally drops by another 10 to 20 percent during hibernation.
		Ectotherms appear to sense the same environmental clues like the change in day length, as migrating and/or hibernating birds and animals.
	www.smokymountainnews.com /issues/01_05/01_05_05/out_naturalist.html (525 words)

	ectotherm - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		amphibians, hibernation of ectothermic animals, possibility that dinosaurs were ectothermic (1), possibility that dinosaurs were ectothermic (2),...
		Amphibians are cold-blooded, or more correctly, ectotherms—that is, they are not able to generate their own body heat.
		All animals other than birds and mammals are ectotherms.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /ectotherm.html (91 words)

	Vertebrate Physiology, Metabolism
		A similar measurement in ectotherms is the standard metabolic rate, SMR, which is measured at rest and fasting at a given temperature.
		For ectotherms this is usually between 2 and 3.
		Ectotherms generally have a lower metabolic rate than ectotherms thus requiring less energy.
	alpha1.fmarion.edu /~vertphys/metabolism.html (1192 words)

	h15 Were dinosaurs ectotherms (cold-) or endotherms (warm-blooded)?
		At rest, a cold-blooded (ectothermic, poikilothermic) animal has a body temperature that is marginally higher than the environmental temperature.
		When the animal exhales the vital function is found to be the dried-out mucus in the nose that then absorbs water vapor, keeping it in the body (which explains, in part, how a camel can go for long periods breathing dry desert air between drinks of water).
		"Warm blooded" applies fairly meaningfully to endotherms, but to call ectotherms "cold blooded" is misleading as their behaviorally regulated blood temperature can range from frozen, as in the case of some wintering-dormant frog species, to as hot as that of endotherms when warmed by the sun.
	geowords.com /histbooknetscape/h15.htm (1869 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Dinosaurs were mostly ectothermic but maintained a constant body temperature by growing large.
		Much of the evidence arguing for ectothermic dinosaurs has to do with the facts that the Mesozoic was very warm, and that many dinosaurs were very big.
		We may never know if dinosaurs were endothermic or ectothermic, but after looking at the evidence, it seems to me that it would make the most sense if dinosaurs were a combination of the two.
	www.lightlink.com /pri/ed/ICTHOL/ICTHOLrp/37rp.htm (819 words)

	temp
		Ectotherms are often considered to be the lowliest of creatures
		Ectotherms maintain a relative constant body temperature during active periods
		Ectotherms use anaerobic metabolism to power 50-98% of their high levels of activity
	www.biol.andrews.edu /ecology/temp.html (956 words)

	Reptiles of British Columbia - Reptiles of BC: Reptiles in the North
		Reptiles, because they are ectotherms, do not eat as much or as often as endotherms of the same body size.
		When food is scarce, this is an advantage: ectotherms are much better at surviving food shortages than endotherms because they need less energy.
		Ectotherms also can allow their body temperatures to fluctuate up and down more than endotherms can.
	www.bcreptiles.ca /reptiles_north.htm (1599 words)

	Goldfish Metabolism Lab
		Temperature is one of the most critical environmental factors influencing the ecology, behavior, and physiology of ectothermic animals.
		Characteristically, ectotherms produce metabolic heat at very low rates with a high percentage of activity metabolism from anaerobic respiration.
		Terrestrial ectotherms frequently use behavioral mechanisms such as basking, hibernation, torpor, and nocturnal rhythms to thermoregulate.
	bioweb.wku.edu /faculty/Crawford/ectothrm.htm (1385 words)

	Does activity matter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thus, we hypothesized that the activity levels of different ectotherms would also be directly related to their rates of respiration.
		In order to test this hypothesis, we obtained three species of ectotherms, which were pill bugs, earthworms, and crickets.
		There are many differences between ectotherms, including activity levels, rate of respiration, and body types.
	www.colorado.edu /eeb/courses/1230jbasey/abstracts/22.htm (396 words)

	Evolution of Thermal Reaction Norms for Growth Rate and Body Size in Ectotherms: An Introduction to the Symposium1 ...
		This relationship, which has come to be known as Bergmann's rule, is an increase in the body size of a species with a decrease in environmental temperature.
		Bergmann's rule was inspired initially by endotherms, but numerous species of ectotherms also exhibit Bergmann's clines in body size (de Queiroz and Ashton, 2004).
		This thermal plasticity of size could be one of the most taxonomically widespread patterns of phenotypic variation, having been observed in bacteria, protists, plants and animals.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4054/is_200412/ai_n9520503 (938 words)

	McCluskey, E. S. --- Temperature Regulation in Tetrapod Vertebrates
		On the other hand, amphibians and reptiles (and many other animals), choose a warm environment at the time of activity, and this supplies the necessary heat; they are called "ectotherms,'' indicating that the heat source is external to the animal.
		The resting levels of oxygen consumption for endotherms equal the maximum levels for ectotherms, and the maximum levels for endotherms are 5 to 10 times the resting levels.
		Birds and mammals are capable of much higher sustained speeds than ectotherms and can have a much broader behavioral repertoire than ectotherms because of the greater range of possible speeds and activities.
	www.grisda.org /origins/09098.htm (885 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Were Dinosaurs Endotherms or Ectotherms?
		Today, endothermy is seen in mammals and birds but not in reptiles and is actually little to do with the temperature of the blood.
		Terrestrial ectotherms use the warmth from the sun to heat their bodies to optimum temperature and use shade, water or other means to lose heat should that become necessary.
		Consequently, ectotherms are not 'all-weather' animals and are only active in a fairly narrow range of conditions.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/a590294 (1759 words)

	WSU \| Ask Dr. Universe \| The BIG Questions
		Ectotherms use solar energy directly to warm their bodies.
		This means most of what ectotherms eat – like 80-90 percent -- is used for growth or making more ectotherms.
		And what this means is that ectotherms can go without food for longer periods of time than endotherms can.
	www.wsu.edu /DrUniverse/hot.html (659 words)

	Life Science Safari - Ectotherms and Endotherms
		An ectotherm is an animal in which the internal body temperature is the same as the temperature of its surroundings.
		Ectotherms can not control their internal body temperature and therefore have to stay in either the sun to stay warm, or the shade to keep cool.
		Endotherms are animals that can maintain a constant internal body temperature, regardless of the temperature of their surroundings.
	vilenski.org /science/safari/classifyall/endoecto.html (90 words)

	LiveScience.com - Big Dinosaurs Were Hot, Study Suggests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A new study helps answer a longstanding dinosaur mystery by revealing that the largest dinosaurs could likely maintain warm body temperatures while their smaller cousins were probably more similar to modern cold-blooded reptiles.
		Scientists have debated the body temperature of dinos for years, mainly whether the beasts were cold-blooded ectotherms, like reptiles, or warm-blooded endotherms, like mammals and birds.
		A third hypothesis is that similar to modern day alligators, Galapagos tortoises, and Komodo dragons, large dinosaurs relied on a process called thermal inertia to maintain a body temperature several degrees warmer than the environment.
	www.livescience.com /animalworld/060710_dinosaur_temperature.html (439 words)

	Temperature, Growth Rate, and Body Size in Ectotherms: Fitting Pieces of a Life-History Puzzle1 Integrative and ...
		The majority of ectotherms grow slower but mature at a larger body size in colder environments.
		We recommend a multivariate theory that focuses on the coevolution of thermal reaction norms for growth rate and size at maturity.
		Relationships between environmental temperature and life history in ectotherms have puzzled biologists because of the paradoxical effects of temperature on growth rate and size at maturity: lower temperatures cause ectotherms to grow slower but mature at a larger body size.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4054/is_200412/ai_n9520515 (878 words)

	EPOB 3700-2002 EXAM 2 - Review
		The point that is essential to understanding these animals is that they live in environments [primarily deserts] where there is a great deal of energy, but little of it is in the form or chemical energy [food].
		A number of ectotherms generate large amounts of heat associated with locomotion.
		Ectotherms in cold environments [pages 710-712]: you should review this material for We did not cover it during the lectures on ectotherms, but it is exciting material.
	spot.colorado.edu /~snydergk/grades.htm (4777 words)

	Evidence for Ectothermy?
		It may seem that little work has been done to support ectothermy in dinosaurs (until very recently), most likely because ectothermy in dinosaurs is assumed to be the default condition; the ancestors of dinosaurs (as reptiles) were ectothermic, so some might say that endothermy should be demonstrated, not ectothermy.
		Problem: The climate in the Mesozoic era was varied, and dinosaur fossils are found in some areas that were cooler and less mild then, including polar regions.
		Lately some researchers have noticed that some dinosaurs do have structures in their nasal passages that do appear to be respiratory turbinates, but this has not yet been established, and followup reports have cast some doubts on those interpretations.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /diapsids/ectothermy.html (587 words)

	[No title]
		Basically birds and mammals vs. plants, insects and cold-blooded vertebrates. Ectotherms modify their gain and loss of heat through their behavior. Costs — associated with being ectothermic is that the activity period is dependent on climate.
		Reproduction only occurs at high temperatures. If ectotherms experience conditions beyond the normal range of tolerance they: Die One stage of life-cycle dies but persists as asexual or sexual eggs, cysts, seeds, etc. (e.g.
		Like ectotherms they have optimum body temperature but unlike ectotherms where temperature maximizes body heat production, temperature for endotherms minimizes heat production, i.e., lower energetic costs. Contrast: ectotherms and endotherms as: Ectos - low cost/low benefit strategy (ok if environment is moderate, e.g.
	www.uh.edu /~biolcz/class/eco4468/lec2.doc (825 words)

	Survival mechanisms of vertebrate ectotherms at subfreezing temperatures: applications in cryomedicine -- Costanzo et ...
		Survival mechanisms of vertebrate ectotherms at subfreezing temperatures: applications in cryomedicine -- Costanzo et al.
		Survival mechanisms of vertebrate ectotherms at subfreezing temperatures: applications in cryomedicine
		ectotherms have "solved" not only the problem of freezing individual
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/abstract/9/5/351 (409 words)

	Herptrader.com - Don Mercer, Ted Thompson and Buck Creek Ectotherms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		I'm considering some 100% het albino males and some poss het albino females from Buck Creeck Ectotherms, who I was told came from Don Mercer and Ted Thompson, but of course I want any info about all three parties that I can find due to the "honor system" nature of het animals.
		I haven't done business with the first two names, but Ted Thompson of Susquehanna Ectotherms is a stand-up guy with a simply awesome collection.
		I have boas from him currently in my collection, some of which were shipped, and another that I picked up at Daytona..
	www.herptrader.com /vtest/showthread.php?t=2154 (141 words)

	Innovative Ectotherms Snakes Reptiles Breeding
		Our breeding stock is hand selected for being exceptionally colored to ensure their offspring will be some of the best available.
		Here at Innovative Ectotherms we have been keeping and breeding reptiles for many years now, and we would like to share our learned knowledge with you.
		We feel that in working with a variety of different Ectotherms great care is needed to insure that all are being properly cared for, and are being adequately housed.
	www.innovativeectotherms.com (227 words)

	Ectothermy and endothermy: evolutionary perspectives of thermoprotection by HSPs -- Shabtay and Arad 208 (14): 2773 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		in cell cultures and in ectotherms and is an important component
		ectothermic and endothermic `thermal states', as during ontogeny
		HSP responses, unlike in ectotherms (Krebs and Feder, 1997
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/208/14/2773 (4909 words)

	Dinosaurs, dragons, and dwarfs: The evolution of maximal body size -- Burness et al., 10.1073/pnas.251548698 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Separate regression lines are fitted through the points for each set of species except for ectothermic herbivores, which were not fitted because we have only three data points.
		Because of an ectotherm's lower metabolic rate per gram of body mass, its food requirements are lower than those of an endotherm of the same body mass.
		The low metabolic rates of ectotherms probably explain why ectotherms are top carnivores on at least five islands whose herbivores
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/251548698v1 (4144 words)

	qz3
		A) Thermoregulation is a characteristic of endotherms but not ectotherms.
		C) Thermoregulation is a characteristic of ectotherms but not endotherms.
		D) Thermoregulation is a characteristic of ectotherms but not homeotherms.
	www.sbs.utexas.edu /shankland/qz3.htm (734 words)

	ScienceIQ.com
		Some animals cannot do this; they are called ectotherms.
		The body temperature of ectotherms follows their environment, for example if it is cold outside, their body temperature falls.
		Frogs are ectotherms and because they have to keep themselves warm, the winter would be especially tragic for them.
	scienceiq.com /ShowFact.cfm?ID=406 (325 words)

	bioenergetics research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Life histories of vertebrate ectotherms are strongly influenced by energy allocation patterns.
		Our lab uses modern technologies to measure metabolic energy expenditure in ectotherms to gain insight into how an animal’s interactions with the environment shape or influence energy allocation
		Our laboratory is equipped with three computer-controlled respirometry systems (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH) that are well suited to measure rates of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) in ectotherms over a wide range of sizes (e.g., from small metamorphic amphibians to large rattlesnakes).
	www.uga.edu /srel/Hopkins/bioeneretics-research.htm (244 words)

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