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Topic: Edge effect

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	Edge effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An edge effect is the effect of the juxtaposition of contrasting environments on an ecosystem.
		Edge effects are especially pronounced in small habitat fragments where they may extend throughout the patch.
		When an edge is created to any natural ecosystem, and the area outside the boundary is a disturbed or unnatural system, the natural ecosystem is seriously affected for some distance in from the edge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edge_effect (410 words)

	Analysis of the Edge Effect of
		It is sometimes observed that the edge enhancement effect is not symmetrical on both sides of the edge that the amount of edge enhancement on a junction between lower and higher reflectance value on a sample to be different.
		The lack of significant edge effect on the right side of the edge is somewhat surprising since some error is passed to the left of the X location.
		The effects of edge enhancement found for the omni-direction algorithm were further examined by changing the mean gray level of the two sides of the edge.
	www.cis.rit.edu /research/thesis/bs/2001/gunawan/thesis.htm (3871 words)

	Niemuth, N.D. and M.S. Boyce. 1997. Edge related nest losses in Wisconsin pine barrens. J. Wildl. Manage. ...
		Edge effects on an epiphyte lichen in fragmented forests.
		Edge effects were examined on the spatial distribution of red-backed voles in forest remnants (unlogged mature-to-old growth forests) surrounded by clearcuts.
		This author conducted an analysis of vegetation along both a north and south edge of a mature oak-hickory forest since the edge of a forest is seen to act as an escarpment and the direction of exposure has been found to be paramount in determining the nature of the microclimatic transition.
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~jweisham/pcb5937/edge_bib.html (1929 words)

	Saflex.com - Sealant Compatibility - Laminated Glass Edge Effects
		One form of known edge effects is normally caused by intimate sealant contact with the PVB at the edge of laminated glass.
		Edge effects that can result from a combination of factors are known as edge blush, discoloration, and delamination.
		Edge blush usually can be traced to an edge origin or isolated in a location which the PVB has been exposed and can absorb moisture over time (e.g., glass broken on impact which is not replaced for an extended period of time).
	www.saflex.com /pages/technical/sealant/laminated.asp (500 words)

	ForestLearn: Edge Effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The edge is the change in temperature and humidity that we feel, and an edge effect is our reaction to the change in temperature (e.g.
		The edge effect we most often hear about in forestry refers to the forest edges that are created when we harvest trees, particularly when we choose to clearcut.
		The edge effect is the result of two different conditions influencing the plants and animals that live on the edge.
	www.forestlearn.org /forests/refora1a.htm (493 words)

	Edge Effect
		We quantitatively study the effect of a substrate edge on the growth of 3D Ge islands (quantum dots), via patterning of pads into the template layer of silicon-on-insulator.
		We have now been able to obtain a quantitative description of the effect of an edge on the QD density and the influence of strain on the near-edge density.
		After a brief anneal step at the growth temperature, as expected, the edge effect is magnified, because of increased diffusion.
	mrsec.wisc.edu /Nuggets/Past_Nuggets/edge_effect.php (241 words)

	Cole-Parmer Technical Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It appears from Table 1 that the sign of the edge effect is dependent on the relative temperature of the surroundings, negative edge effect being the case when the surroundings are colder than the reactant liquids and/or the wells per se.
		Whereas positive edge effect easily occurs due to the short incubation time normally used in warm incubators (37°C), negative edge effect will be blurred due to the long incubation time normally used in cold incubations (4°C).
		However, if negative edge effect is observed or suspected in an assay, one should always consider the causative conditions listed in Table 1.
	www.coleparmer.com /techinfo/techinfo.asp?htmlfile=Nunc_Elisa.htm (499 words)

	Edge Effects in Grasslands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Edge effects appeared to be caused mainly by greater exposure of nests to mid-sized carnivores.
		We argue that, based on edge avoidance behavior, "grassland-interior" species such as the Henslow's Sparrow respond to edge effects mainly by a decrease in density, whereas habitat generalists such as the Dickcissel are affected mainly by a decrease in nesting success.
		Figure 1 -- Frequency of nest survival of artificial nests and predation of artificial nests by mid-sized carnivores, at three distances intervals from a forested edge in southwestern Missouri prairie fragments, 1995.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/2000/edgeffct/edgeffct.htm (538 words)

	Edge effect: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Edge effects are especially pronouced in small habitat fragments habitat fragmentation quick summary:
		A forest is an area with a high density of trees (or, historically, an area set aside for hunting)....
		The amount of forest edge of this sort is some orders of magnitude greater now in the United States[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] than when the Europeans Europe quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ed/edge_effect.htm (1288 words)

	Paint Shop Pro 7 - Effects Menu
		The Effects Browser allows you to preview most the effects available from this menu at their default settings.
		The "Trace Contour" effect is fun in that you can get kind of a "sketch" artistic effect when you apply it to a photograph.
		This effect will add a three-dimensional border to make a selection or layer appear to be cut out of stone.
	mardiweb.com /web/psp7/menus/effects/effects.htm (1804 words)

	Role of Edge Effect on Small Mammal Populations in A Forest Fragment
		The effects of landscape structure and vegetation pattern on movements of small mammal within and between landscape elements has important implications in the organization and regulation of populations (Szacki and Liro, 1991).
		The study was conducted to evaluate edge effect in the experimental area, and to provide a basis for evaluating changes in edge use over time.
		One confounding problem with habitat fragments is that the smaller a fragment is, the greater the edge to interior ratio is. This would mean that edge effect is stronger in smaller patches than in larger patches.
	sti.srs.gov /fulltext/tr2000103/tr2000103.html (3790 words)

	Edge Effect in Forest Sampling (Part II)
		So far, of course, you have the classic problem of "edge effect" caused by tree circles that fall partly beyond the border of the polygon.
		When this has been done for all of the rectangles, the entire area of all the tree circles is shifted into the polygon, and the "edge effect" has disappeared.
		As uncomplicated as this method is, it solves virtually all of the common problems that plague the other attempts to handle edge effect.
	www.proaxis.com /~johnbell/regular/regular53a.htm (871 words)

	Contents
		When an Edge Effect is seen at a distance, this is not observable because the eyes' parallax is small.
		When the Edge Effect stops, the eye is suddenly released from its entrancement-hence the popping effect and the balletic movement away.
		When a foreground object edges against one further back, it seems to partake of the latter's motion or direction and then when the edging ceases, it takes its own course, like an asteroid temporarily captured by the gravitational pull of a planet but then hurled into its own orbit around the sun.
	www.rhythmvision.net /Part3Text.htm (6300 words)

	[No title]
		The Edge Effect explains that brain chemicals generate the electricity that carries instructions to the rest of the body, defining life itself and that they are responsible for how we feel and act.
		The Edge Effect makes it clear that there are ‘families’ of illnesses related to each of the four dominant brain chemicals.
		The Edge Effect unifies anatomy, chemistry, neurology, and psychiatry, and shepherds medicine in a new century.
	www.needs.com /newsletter/0705NewsletterLinked.Doc (3520 words)

	Saflex.com - Sealant Compatibility - Sealant Compatibility Rating
		the sum of the length of the laminate edge to which sealant is applied, measured in millimeters, of which bubbles, discoloration, or haze were observed during the exposure period.
		the average length affected by edge effects divided by the total length of the laminate to which the sealant was applied.
		the average depth of edge effect observed multiplied by the average length.
	www.saflex.com /pages/technical/sealant/compatibility.asp (280 words)

	Photo/Graphic Edges 6.0 Academic Discounts
		Use this effect to brush around a subject in a photo to draw attention to the subject or use it to enhance the creative appeal by drawing patterns and surfaces.
		Distort Edge can be used to roughen and distort the edges of the effect to give it different edge treatments and looks.
		There are many times when you load up an edge onto a photo and parts of the edge need to be pushed out of the way to prevent covering up or removing parts of the image that are important to show.
	www.creationengine.com /html/p.lasso?p=10563 (901 words)

	How Constructs Decision-rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During the construction of the plan, Cassandra must modify this initial rule set each time an effect depending directly on the source of uncertainty is used to establish an open condition in the plan.
		In particular, Cassandra must determine the contingency in which that open condition resides, and conjoin the effect with the existing antecedent of the decision-rule for that contingency.
		Since this is an uncertain effect, Cassandra introduces two new contingencies into the plan, one for the outcome in which the coin lands tails up, and another for the outcome in which it lands on its edge.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/jair/pub/volume4/pryor96a-html/node24.html (689 words)

	UPNE \| Edge Effect
		In natural history, an edge effect occurs where two communities, such as land and sea, overlap, that zone becoming more diversified than each of them.
		Profound and moving, she recasts the very premises of formal understanding in poetry, accommodating at once the arts of nature and the nature of art.
		That is, the edge of a community is more diversified that its center, a phenomenon also known as “edge effect.” The region where the land and sea overlap is known as the interidal or littoral zone.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~upne/0-8195-2225-2.html (548 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ground invertebrate communities in a Beach dominated forest fragment near Rochester, NY, were studied in order to assess the extent of the edge effect on these communities.
		Factors contributing to the edge effect are increased light intensity, increased wind speed, higher temperature, and lower humidity and soil moisture (Kivisto and Kuusinen 2000).
		Samples of ground invertebrate communities were taken along four transects parallel to the edge: (1) at the forest edge, (2) 5 meters from the edge, (3) 30 meters from the edge, (4) 100 meters from the edge.
	www.naz.edu:9000 /~biosem/Jenkins/jenkins.htm (115 words)

	Special Effects
		These effects are primarily used for background images on your badge or ID Card.
		For example we could apply the cartoon effect, then apply any of the edge effects afterward.
		All of the effects presented are alterations of this base photograph.
	www.hartfordbadges.com /special_effects.htm (242 words)

	RetouchPRO - Photo Emulsion Edge Frame Effect
		Some have pointed out that many of the frame and edge effects can be done in PS.
		One effect that ir rather easy to do is to add an acid or emulsion edge effect.
		It takes just 5 or 10 minutes to do (and since there is such a bewildering array of such edges in PGE 6.0 to choose from, you can probably do it yourself as fast or faster).
	www.retouchpro.com /forums/showthread.php?p=74504 (213 words)

	Edgy Edge Effects in Photoshop > Simple Edge Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the simplest edge effects to create is one that surrounds the image with a soft foggy white border so the photo disappears gradually into the border.
		Figure 1 A simple foggy edge effect can be created by filling a feathered selection with white.
		Because the edge is on a layer of its own, it remains fully editable.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=468379 (587 words)

	Analysis of the Edge Effect of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The purpose of this research is to study quantitatively edge enhancement effects of different digital halftone algorithms, especially on Error diffusion and Linear Pixel Shuffling algorithms.
		It has been known that by changing the amount of error and the spread of error when processing original images, different edge enhancement effects are observed.
		In order to describe the unsymmetrical edge enhancement phenomenon in some cases, a new unsymmetrical metric is introduced.
	www.cis.rit.edu /research/thesis/bs/2001/gunawan/abstract.htm (126 words)

	FastFilms Reference Manual
		For a more interesting edge effect, use the Lasso Tool and make a more freeform selection about 1/2” to 1” in from the edge of the image.
		This means you can run the same effect on the image twice to give you the two versions you need to run most of the separation routines.
		This effect will give the design a special edge treatment that looks like a ripple in a pond.
	www.fastfilms.com /fastmanual/section11.htm (403 words)

	silkenthread :: Burned Edge Effect with PSP9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The burn effect is a simple but effective method of drawing a viewers attention to the point of interest in a photograph.
		Click on the working file above and save it to your drive.You will use blend modes and opacity to give a smooth burn to the edges of the working file.
		This will smooth out the edges and give you a very nice even burn.
	www.silkenthread.net /tutorials/html/burnedge-effect/burn.htm (233 words)

	Guides > Photoshop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Once you've got the shape filled in, rough up the edge a bit by removing most of the paint from your paintbrush and dry brushing the edges.
		Depending on the resolution you scanned your photo edge image in at, when you drag it onto your destination image, all you might see is fl.
		The effect will probably be more easily visible if you add another layer behind the bottom most layer and fill it with white.
	www.informit.com /guides/printerfriendly.asp?g=photoshop&seqNum=177 (771 words)

	Edge Effect: "Tiffany Window 2" photo - Women Digital Photographers photos at pbase.com
		In this version of the "Tiffany Window" edge effect there is no visible solder.
		In the previous image, a different version of this edge action creates an opaque fl solder between the panes.
		These are two of roughly forty edge effect actions I wrote in Photoshop a few years ago.
	www.pbase.com /image/32117184 (110 words)

	edge effect - Measurement Encyclopedia - National Instruments
		The apparent boost in sound absorption coefficient that comes about due to wave diffraction at the edges of the specimen.
		The effect increases with decreasing frequency, decreasing specimen size, increasing aspect ratio, and increasing sound absorption coefficient.
		Although the effect is most noticeable when values exceed 1.00, most low-frequency results for highly absorptive specimens are affected to some degree.
	zone.ni.com /devzone/nidzgloss.nsf/webmain/78A89E994ADC83CB862568C6005CDB58 (116 words)

	Create a slanted edge effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		You want to create a slanted edge effect in the banner, as shown in the banner sketch (see Review your task).
		To produce this effect, you decide to create a shape and use it as a mask.
		In the previous section a rounded edge was applied to the banner, but it is not showing now.
	livedocs.macromedia.com /fireworks/8/fwhelp/gs_05_w9.htm (280 words)

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