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Topic: Ediacara Hills

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Ediacarian

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2004

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Ediacaran

	Hills
		Hills and Dales, Ohio Hills and Dales is a village located in 2000 census, the village had a total population of 260.
		Malvern Hills in Hereford and Worcester Malvern Hills is a Malvern.
		Surry Hills Surry Hills is a suburb in inner Haymarket.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/hills.html (4844 words)

	Ediacara animals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ediacara Hills --- South Australia a rich deposit of Precambrian fossils.
		* All the Ediacara animals were soft bodied; none had hard shells, and their soft tissues were strengthened by nothing more than spicules: needdless of calcium carbonate that served as a primitive support.
		The reasoning is that the ultra-violet radiation of the sun would have been much stronger without the ozone layer, which may not have formed until an excess of oxygen had been built up by plants.
	www.yuzonakano-secretmemory.com /ediacara.html (216 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The significance of the fauna was first realized by geologists in South Australia, who found abundant fossils at the Ediacara Hills in the Flinders Ranges, about 650 km north of Adelaide.
		The origin of the metazoa and thus all animal groups must now be placed even further back in time, and may never be found, since it is thought that the precursor organisms were miofaunal - tiny worm-like organisms living in the interstitial spaces between sand grains and thus having little chance of fossilizing.
		"Ediacara" thus represents not only a major milestone in the history life on Earth, but also in the history of the Internet, being - as it is - the worlds first virtual university.
	www.grahamkendall.net /Unsorted_files-1/A103-Ediacara_Fossils.txt (266 words)

	WSC: PHYS 0106: Earth History Timeline: Ediacara Fauna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ediacara fauna is the animal life that lived during the Vendian or Ediacaran period of the Precambrian stage of earth history (roughly 650 to 544 million years ago).
		The Ediacara are soft-bodied, multicellular animals that are similar jellyfish, coral, sponges, cnidarians, worms, and soft-bodied relatives of the arthropods.
		The Ediacara was named for the Ediacara Hills in the Flinders Ranges in Australia where these early animal fossils were first found.
	www.physci.wsc.ma.edu /young/hgeol/geoinfo/timeline/ediacara/ediacara.html (264 words)

	The Cambrian explosion - The Ediacara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One group see at least some of the Ediacara as members of known phyla and therefore potential ancestors of the lower Cambrian metazoans, for example the Ediacaran frond-like fossils are possible cnidarians, and some of the bilaterally symmetrical segmented organisms could be ancestral to the annelids and arthropods.
		The opposing view is that the Ediacara are not on the main evolutionary line to later metazoans, they represent rather a 'failed experiment' in multicellular design, and perhaps are not really animals at all (references Buss & Seilacher.
		If the Ediacara are unique and unlike any biota alive since, it is possible their body walls were contructed from a substance tougher than conventional soft-bodied organisms, and therefore with greater fossilization potential.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Cambrian/fossils/ediacara/ediacara.html (334 words)

	Ediacaran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The date of the boundary is fairly well constrained at 635 million years ago based on U-Pb (uranium-lead) dates from Namibia and China.
		The name comes from the Ediacara (occasionally 'Ediacarian', derived from Aboriginal term for place near water) Hills of South Australia where peculiar Precambrian fossils were found by the geologist Reg Sprigg in 1946, and studied by Martin Glaessner starting in the 1950s.
		Glaessner initially thought the creatures to be primitive versions of animals such as corals, sea-pens and worms that were better known from later times.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ediacaran (697 words)

	[No title]
		The world’s oldest known fossil chordate, from the Ediacara biota of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, is now at the South Australian Museum.
		This tiny, 6 cm-long fossil is the body mould of the first known animal from the phylum to which vertebrates belong.
		It is a member of the oldest known group of complex animals, the Ediacara Biota, first described from Ediacara Hills by the late Dr Reg.
	www.samuseum.sa.gov.au /page?site=1&id=371&fragPage=1 (208 words)

	Mawsonites Dickensonia Charniodiscus Kimberella Vendian Ediacara
		The Ediacara fauna marks the beginning of visible life.
		Ediacara fauna included soft-bodied multi-cellular animals, like sponges, jelly fish, worms, and soft-bodied relatives of the arthropods.
		The Ediacara was named for the Ediacara Hills in Australia, north of Adelaide the most famous Vendian fossil deposit.
	www.dinosaurcollector.150m.com /edicara.htm (513 words)

	Ediacaran. Who is Ediacaran? What is Ediacaran? Where is Ediacaran? Definition of Ediacaran. Meaning of Ediacaran.
		Ediacaran Fauna is a collective term for a variety of early organisms found in rocks older than the Cambrian Period that marked the beginning of life in classical paleontology.
		The name Ediacara comes from the Ediacara (Occasionally 'Ediacarian') Hills of South Australia where peculiar precambrian fossils were found by a geologist named Sprigg in 1946.
		Martin Glaessner initiated more serious study of these fossils in the 1950s.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Ediacaran (438 words)

	sgoldberg2
		In 1946 Reg Sprig, a paleontologist in South Austrailia, found fossils in the Ediacara Hills that could not be explained as gas bubbles or plants.
		This map of Australia shows the location of the Ediacara Hills, from which the Ediacaran Fauna gets is name and in which its fossils are abundant.
		The find did not support the idea that there was a mass extinction of the Ediacara before the Cambrian, and brought up new theories as to why the Ediacaran Fauna did not show up anywhere else in the fossil record.
	www.earth.rochester.edu /ees207/Goldberg/sgoldberg2.html (668 words)

	DLESE Find a Resource > Grades: College (13-14)
		Ediacara Biota are the first convincing fossils of Precambrian animals that were found in the Ediacara Hills of Australia.
		The unusual fossils, originally interpreted as jellyfish, strange worms, and frond-like corals, gave scientists their first look at the animals that populated the Precambrian seas...
		The development is documented by faunal assemblages represented by the Ediacara fauna, the first complex trace fossils, the earliest shelly faunas, and the onset of the typical Cambrian macrofaunas...
	www.dlese.org /dds/browse_gr_09-1330.htm (568 words)

	Ediacaran Fossils of Canada
		In 1946, our view of ancient life was changed dramatically when the first convincing fossils of Precambrian animals were found in the Ediacara Hills of Australia.
		Recent fossils found in Namibia show us that members of the Ediacara Biota did populate the oceans up until the end of the Precambrian (545 million years ago).
		These worms, and some other members of the Ediacara Biota, survived the extinction event and took part in the greatest evolutionary event in Earth's history: The Cambrian "Explosion" of Life.
	geol.queensu.ca /museum/exhibits/ediac/ediac.html (491 words)

	New Document
		The most important Precambrian fossil locality thus far reported is in the Ediacara hills in southern Australia.
		The fauna of the Ediacara hills includes jelly fish, soft corals related to Pennatulids, segmented worms, and other animals (Glaessner, 1961).
		The number of main fossil categories is small compared with the Ediacara fauna of southern Australia but the variations within each category are many.
	vendian.www9.50megs.com /paper2.htm (3316 words)

	Plant Glossary: E - EnchantedLearning.com
		Ediacara fauna is the animal life that lived during the Vendian or Ediacaran period (roughly 650 to 544 million years ago).
		Vendian biota (Ediacara fauna), included soft-bodied multi-cellular animals, like sponges, cnidarians, worms, and soft-bodied relatives of the arthropods.
		The Ediacara was named for the Ediacara Hills in Australia, north of Adelaide, where these early animal fossils were first found (in 1946, by the Australian mining geologist Reginald C. Sprigg).
	www.allaboutjewels.com /subjects/plants/glossary/indexe.shtml (1171 words)

	The Ediacaran Assemblage
		Mark McMenamin (1986, 1998) coined the phrase ‘ garden of Ediacara ’ to encapsulate the concept and he has largely championed this theory.
		Material from the Ediacara Hills (Flinders Ranges) has still not been precisely dated; it is assumed to be approximately coeval with the White Sea fossils, in the region of 555 Ma (see below), but it could be as young as the +1 to +2‰
		The Ediacara Hills locality is also the provenance of the earliest taxonomically-resolved poriferan, Paleophragmodictya reticulata, and the possible echinoderm, Arkarua adami.
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /paleontology/Ediacara.html (7432 words)

	Ediacara fauna -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The discovery of the Ediacara fauna provided a glimpse into the early development of multicellular organisms and demonstrated…
		The discovery of the Ediacara fauna provided a glimpse into the early development of multicellular organisms and...
		The Pound Quartzite consists of shales and siltstones, limestones, and quartzites; it is notable because from it a very early fossil assemblage, the Ediacara fauna, was recovered.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9031997 (751 words)

	Ediacara Hills, Australia
		In 1946, an Australian mining geologist named Reginald C. Sprigg was exploring a range of mountains north of the city of Adelaide, Australia, known as the Ediacara Hills.
		Fossils from the Ediacara Hills: On the left is Arkarua, a small disc-shaped animal that may be the oldest echinoderm.
		Specimens collected from the Ediacara Hills are almost all housed in the South Australian Museum.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vendian/ediacara.html (305 words)

	Ediacara Hills - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ediacara Hills is a hill range in the northern Flinders Ranges of South Australia, around 650 km north of Adelaide.
		As the site of a lagerstätte, the Hills have given their name to the Ediacaran geological period and to a group of extremely ancient life forms.
		University of California page on the Ediacara Hills
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ediacara_Hills (99 words)

	PlanetPapers - The Ediacaran Fauna
		However, this was discovered to be untrue after Sir Douglas Mawson and R.C. Sprigg mistakenly came across numerous "fossil jellyfish" in the Ediacara Hills while observing what was originally believed to be sandstones belonging to the lowest strata of the Cambrian.
		Further studies by M. Glaessner, a paleontologist at Adelaide showed that the fossils were found well below the oldest Cambrian strata and that the strata actually dated from the Precambrian era.
		All the fossils collected were soft-bodied animals and their tissues were strengthened by spicules-needles of calcium carbonate that functioned as their support.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/422.php (1164 words)

	BBC Evolution Weekend: Extinction Files - the Cast, Past and Present (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Eventually the specialisation became so advanced that the cells were interdependent and the group shifted from being a colony to being a multicellular organism.
		the earliest fossils of multicellular organisms come from the Ediacara Hills of southern Australia, and date back to the late Precambrian some 600 million years ago.
		Such organisms were almost certainly alive earlier than that, but the fossil record for this period tends to be poor.
	www.bbc.co.uk /education/darwin/exfiles/backbone.htm (287 words)

	PPT Slide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ediacaran fossils from the Ediacara Hills of South Australia.
		At left is a segmented worm-like creature which could reach a size of 1 meter.
		From: Evolution of the Earth, 5th Ed., Dott and Prothero, McGraw Hill, 1994.
	www.mines.unr.edu /able/GEOL100Spring/GEOL100-20/tsld004.htm (63 words)

	Freeman-Lynde GLY116 Paleozoic Life Questions
		The Ediacara Fauna consists of animals that are unrelated to any animals of the Early Paleozoic.
		Some paleontologists consider that the Ediacara Fauna consists of animals that are unrelated to any animals of the Early Paleozoic.
		Metazoans were first discovered in the Pound Quartzite exposed in the Ediacara Hills of Australia.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~rfreeman/Paleozoic_life_questions.html (3086 words)

	ABC Asia Pacific - Nexus - Planet Earth - Ediacaran Period
		It was thought that the soft-bodied creatures that came before them simply didn’t fossilise or their fossils couldn’t last for hundreds of millions of years.
		Then last century some strange fossils were discovered at the Ediacara Hills in the Flinders Ranges in South Australia.
		Now everyone agrees that there is a period of fossil life before the Cambrian and it is called the Ediacaran, after the Ediacara Hills where the first fossils were discovered in 1946.
	abcasiapacific.com /nexus/planetearth/s1173943.htm (381 words)

	Radio National Breakfast
		The Ediacara Hills in the Flinders Mountain Range have made it into the history books.
		For the first time in 120 years, geologists have added a new period to their official timeline of the Earth's history - and its name is inspired by the South Australian hills.
		The Ediacaran Period covers some 50 million years of the Neoproterozoic period when multi-celled life forms started to take hold on Earth.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/brkfast/stories/s1111153.htm (108 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The question whether it was a rapid, unprecedented phenomenon or a more drawn out process of evolution rooted in the Precambrian is a subject of controversy among scientists.
		Fossils of the Ediacara, soft-bodied and relatively complex organisms, appear in late Precambrian rock but are absent from Cambrian sediments.
		Not all fossils can be dated using this --> technique, however; the fossils in the Ediacara Hills in Australia, for instance, lack the necessary volcanic ash.
	web.mit.edu /observer/www/1-1/articles/ml1.html (547 words)

	The Cambrian Explosion
		The Ediacara Biota from Vendian period (650 to 545 million years ago) in the latest Proterozoic of the Precambrian contains the first multicellular animal-like fossils.
		The fossils of this fauna are dated between 600 and 545 M yr ago and thus predate the Cambrian Explosion that was known to Darwin and that perplexed him by seeming to provide evidence for sudden creation.
		Geologists first found fossil evidence for animal life in the Ediacara Hills of southern Australia in 1946, and thereby extended the fossil record back into the Precambrian.
	www.geo.brown.edu /geocourses/QE/fr/classtopics/EvoIntro/Cambrian.htm (1263 words)

	News in Science - You say Ediacaran, I say Vendian - 20/05/2004
		A geological row is brewing over the first new geological period in 120 years to receive an official name.
		One high-profile discovery of Ediacaran fossils was made in the 1940s in the Ediacara Hills of South Australia's Flinders Ranges.
		By comparison, he said, sites west of the Ural Mountains in Russia discovered some years later after the Ediacara Hills deposit, offered a much thicker layer of Ediacaran fossils, covering a bigger time interval.
	www.abc.net.au /cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?/science/news/stories/s1112450.htm (862 words)

	Palaeos Ecology: Biota : Ediacaran Biota (2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A trace fossil presumed to represent the radula scratches of a mollusc is found at Zimnie Gory and in the Ediacara Hills (Martin et al.
		Only with a very broad brush could all Ediacaran organisms be represented as fractal growth variations based on the same units of construction" (Gehling 1991, pp.
		However, Seilacher's argument must be seen in the context of its time; it was predicated on far fewer Ediacarans (in general, the larger taxa) than are known today, and underpinned by the beliefs (justifiable at the time) that:
	www.palaeos.com /Ecology/Biota/Ediacara.1.html (5270 words)

	www.sauti.de - Die Evolution dargestellt anhand von Fossilien
		Die Ediacara Fauna, auch bekannt unter der Bezeichnung Vendische Fauna stellen die ersten höherentwickelten Lebewesen auf unserer Erde dar, die uns fossil überliefert sind.
		Erst als 1945 durch den Geologen Reg Sprigg die Funde der Ediacara in Australien pubilziert wurden erkannte man die Bedeutung.
		Da aber einige Wesen der Ediacara Fauna auch noch in Kambrischen Sedimenten, die weitaus feinkörniger sind, überliefert sind kommen heute die meisten Wissenschaftler wieder zu dem Schluss das die Ediacara Formen einfache Vorläufer der Kambrischen Tiere sind.
	www.sauti.de /ediacara.html (674 words)

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