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	The Victor Talking Machine Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Edison is also reported to have said that while holding a telephone mouthpiece in his hand during a test, he noticed that vibrations caused the diaphragm to press against his hand.
		Edison was preoccupied with the incandescent lamp and, consequently, paid little attention to his Phonograph.
		Edison assigned many of his patents to the new company, but shortly afterward sold it to Jesse H. Lippincott who had previously acquired exclusive rights to rent and sell the Graphophone from the American Graphophone Company under the Bell and Tainter patents.
	www.davidsarnoff.org /vtm-chapter1.htm (1023 words)

	Edison:The History of the Edison Cylinder Phonograph
		The Edison Speaking Phonograph Company was established on January 24, 1878, to exploit the new machine by exhibiting it.
		Edison's relationship with the company ended in March of 1891, and the dolls are very rare today.
		Edison increased the entertainment offerings on his cylinders, which by 1892 were made of a wax known among collectors today as "brown wax." Although called by this name, the cylinders could range in color from off-white to light tan to dark brown.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/edhtml/edcyldr.html (2285 words)

	Columbia Records - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Columbia was originally the local company distributing and selling Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington, DC, Maryland and Delaware.
		Columbia severed its ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company in 1893, and thereafter sold only records and phonographs of their own manufacture.
		In a secret agreement with Victor, both companies did not make the new recording technology public knowledge for some months, in order not to hurt sales of their existing acoustically recorded catalogue while a new electrically recorded catalogue was being built.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Columbia_Phonograph (877 words)

	The History of the Phonograph
		By the name of the company, it was clear that Edison didn't intend for the phonograph to be primarily used for music or entertainment.
		Edison gradually increased the entertainment offerings on his music cylinders, which by 1892 were known as "brown wax" cylinders, even though the wax would be anywhere from off-white to light tan to dark brown.
		One year later, the Edison Standard Phonograph was released at a price of $20 for the standard model and $7.50 for a model known as the gem released in 1899.
	www.rpi.edu /~fiscap/history_files/phono_invent.htm (1230 words)

	botar
		The phonograph was developed as a result of Thomas Edison's work on two other inventions, the telegraph and the telephone.
		In 1877, Edison was working on a machine that would transcribe telegraphic messages through indentations on paper tape, which could later be sent over the telegraph repeatedly.
		The Edison Concert Phonograph, which had a louder sound and a larger cylinder measuring 4.25" long and 5" in diameter, was introduced in 1899, retailing for $125 and the large cylinders for $4.
	www.botar.us /edisonwaxcylinders.html (573 words)

	The Inventor's Finest Creation: Thomas Edison and the Making of a Myth
		After Edison revolutionized the world with the phonograph in 1877 and played Prometheus in his invention of the incandescent light two years later, little had emerged from his New Jersey invention factory that really grabbed the attention of America.
		That May, Edison, who for the past 11 years had tinkered with the phonograph, resolved to best Bell's "graphophone." In what newspapers soon called the "phonograph vigil," Edison locked his team into his West Orange laboratory, not to emerge until the group could boast of the "perfect" phonograph.
		Edison's ever-tireless protestant work ethic and the anecdotal stories of his boyhood that he grew fonder of and more detailed in as he reached old age layed out an image of the great American to rival even Benjamin Franklin's (Wecter).
	xroads.virginia.edu /~CLASS/am485_98/brady/Edison/edison.html (645 words)

	Chronology: 1879-1931 - The Edison Papers
		The chronology of Edison's first three decades is fuller than that for the rest of his life because the editors have researched those years in more detail, as reflected in the volumes of the book edition.
		Edison's ore separator is used by the Edison Ore Milling Company to separate iron ore from fl sand at Quonocontaug, Rhode Island.
		Edison's previous arrangement with Charles L. Brasseur is discontinued.
	edison.rutgers.edu /chron2.htm (4879 words)

	siefert
		Edison's celebrity as the inventor-hero and his publicized entrepreneurial spirit gave him the ability to raise capital, reach potential distributors, and attract public attention (Wachhorst, 1981).
		Edison ads, while equally frequent, were smaller, and their iconography during this period had only one star: a portrait of Edison's face reflected in the horn.
		But by December, despite these incentives, the Edison company lamented that they could not "help feeling that the trade in general, especially the smaller dealers, are not paying attention to (the grand opera records] that their high quality deserves" (p.
	www.faculty.fairfield.edu /mandrejevic/siefert.htm (8302 words)

	Edison Talking Doll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Edison had envisioned the idea of a talking doll as early as 1877, but it was another inventor, William W. Jacques, who first developed a prototype based on Edison's original tinfoil phonograph.
		The phonograph inside the body of the doll was tiny, with a small horn pointing up toward holes in the doll's chest.
		All Edison dolls are very scarce today but those with their original phonograph intact are extremely rare, with only a few survivors known to exist.
	members.aol.com /rondeau7/doll.htm (474 words)

	Total Media: Blank tape, cdrs, mini dv, audio, video and computer recording supplies
		In 1877 as a byproduct of Edison's experimentation with the telephone and telegraph, he spoke the nursery rhyme, ”Mary had a little lamb" into the mouthpiece of his little machine, played back his words, and the age of recording was born.
		The Edison Speaking Phonograph Company was founded and thus created the impetus for the growth of the recording industry, and to an extent, the foundation of the music business as we know it today.
		The original Edison cylinder phonograph was a machine that contained, on the surface, a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a rotating metal drum (cylinder).
	www.totalmedia.com /trivia_17.asp (793 words)

	Marston - Three Edison Tenors
		Their sweet tone and lyricism was captured by Edison at the height of their respective careers resulting in sound that transcends their present fame.
		Edison’s recordings of singers provide the listener with an extremely life-like reproduction of the voice, unrivaled by any other acoustic recordings.
		Edison felt that orchestral accompaniments were of little importance and therefore the orchestration should be as minimal as possible.
	www.marstonrecords.com /3_tenors/3tenors_ward.htm (838 words)

	History Of Vinyl 9 Part 1 - Thomas Edison Phonograph Company
		The Thomas Edison Company had been fully devoted to cylinder phonographs, but later became concerned with the flat discs' rising popularity.
		Edison associates began developing their own disc player and discs in secret.
		Later after his departure in 1903 Dr. Aylsworth became a consultant for the Edison company, he took charge of developing a plastic material for the discs.
	www.vinyl-record-collectors.net /history-of-vinyl9-part1.htm (262 words)

	The Berliner Gram-o-phone Company of Canada - History - The Virtual Gramophone
		It was this type of phonograph upon which the oldest surviving recording 1, a message of Lord Stanley, Canada's Governor-General, to the people and president of the United States, was made.
		While Edison was struggling with the bankrupt North American Phonograph Co. and Columbia was establishing itself as a major player, Berliner quietly stepped onto the field and complicated the quarrel.
		In 1909, the company underwent a reorganization and was renamed the Berliner Gram-o-phone Company, with Emile Berliner assuming the presidency of the business, Herbert appointed vice-president and general manager, and Emile's younger son, Edgar, named secretary-treasurer.
	www.collectionscanada.ca /gramophone/m2-3005-e.html (1542 words)

	Albert Benzler and the U-S Everlasting Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Albert Benzler was a cylinder artist--first for Edison's National Phonograph Company, later for the rival company U.S. Phonograph Company (maker of U-S Everlasting Cylinders).
		Benzler left Edison's company in 1909 to serve as musical director for the new U.S. Phonograph Company, which began to market in mid-1910 cylinders called U-S Everlasting Records.
		Based in Cleveland, the company had a recording studio at 662 6th Avenue in New York City, once a location for the Norcross Phonograph Company.
	www.garlic.com /~tgracyk/albertbenzler.html (739 words)

	The Main Menu
		Edison files his first caveat(a Patent Office document in which one declares his work on a particular invention in anticipation of filing a patent application) on the Kinetoscope and Kinetograph on October 8; William Kennedy Laurie Dickson assigned to work on project.
		Edison and Dickson experiment to synchronize sound with film; the Kinetophone is invented which loosely synchronizes a Kinetoscope image with a cylinder phonograph.
		Edison negotiates in January with Raff and Gammon to manufacture the Phantoscope which Armat presents as his own invention; machine is renamed the Vitascope in February, and Edison's name put on it.
	www.geocities.com /mrwassail/edisoncyl.html (5734 words)

	Edison Invents the Phonograph
		Many of the uses Edison suggested for the phonograph have become a reality, but there were others he hadn't imagined.
		Many Army units purchased these phonographs because it meant a lot to the soldiers to have music to cheer them and remind them of home.
		This is an audio clip of Edison himself in which he expresses his pride in the soldiers and reminds Americans of the enormous sacrifice and contribution made by the other allied nations.
	www.americaslibrary.gov /cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/scientists/edison/phonograph_3 (158 words)

	Edison Recording Industry Association of America
		To be a obtain a license from The North American Phonograph Company, according to the sub company contracts of 1888, the franchise member pays a license fee of $100,000.00 plus 50% royalty from sales, of media, and recording devices.
		A volation is considered Piracy against The North American Phonograph Co. and results in confiscation of all maxtrix (stampers, master tapes and studio, manufacturing plants and buidlings), the laws pretaining to media piracy are under Title 17 and 18 United States Code.
		It is The North American Phonograph Companies duity to enforce bylaws, protect artist, and police recording and reproduction of articulate speech and other sounds.
	members.tripod.com /edison_1/northamericanphonographrecordingindustryassociationuniversal (253 words)

	Edison
		The concept of recording was to imprint the surface of some malleable material with a pattern that approximated the vibration of the air as it transmitted sound.
		Early recording on brown and fl wax cylinders were produced first by the Edison Company and Edison Bell Company.
		Edison's National Phonograph Company, Cylinder Number 41 Liberty Bell March written by John Phillip Sousa and played by the Edison Concert Band at the end of the 19th century.
	www.jhepple.com /MultiMedia/edison.htm (331 words)

	-Edison Cylinder and Disc Record Development-
		Edison invented the cylinder phonograph in 1877 when he was 30 years old, but that was not the end of the story.
		Edison turned his full attention from the phonograph to other ventures, including the development of electric lighting and the electric utility industry.
		Edison granted a license to Columbia to use the Edison solid wax cylinder, tapered phonograph mandrel, and jeweled stylus.
	www.engineeringexpert.net /cylinder.htm (2683 words)

	Thomas Edison, Intellectual Property and the Recording Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Edison himself had moved on to a couple of other minor projects which he may have felt to be slightly more important at the time, like the light bulb and the question of how to get electricty into people's homes so they might be inclined to buy one.
		The NAPC was the sole license holder for Edison Phonographs and Bell Tainter Graphophones.
		It was found by the early 1890s that the Edison Phonograph was taking the lead in quality and ease of operation, and the Edison 4" long by 2 1/4 " record format was the standard.
	www.azoz.com /news/edison.html (1442 words)

	The Edison Phonograph Works!
		The Edison Record of today is commonly termed " a wax record" There is nothing in the composition to justify the term, however as the pricipal ingredient in the compound from which the cylinders are moulded, is stereate of soda, a white chemical compound hard and semi-transparent.
		The Edison Phonograph Works and The North American Phonograph Company is owned by Shawn Borri, the formost expert on wax cylinder recording and blank Edison cylinder manufacture, known as a "Recording Expert".
		Includes Edison Phonograph recording demonstration, actual wax cylinder record moulds, record stampers,antique Phonographs, and various different recording formats, vintage microphones and lathes a slide show of historic sound recording equipment, lectures are about 4 hours long at $100.00 per hour ($400.00 total) and $15.00 for each Edison Phonogram Blank used.
	members.tripod.com /~Edison_1/index.html (527 words)

	Extending Man's Voice by Wire and Radio, 1879 - 1905
		His phonograph used a spirally grooved, tinfoil–coated cylinder with a mouthpiece for recording sound by scratching "hill–and–dale" impressions, in the foil with an attached needle.
		Edison discovered in 1883 that a heated filament in one of his evacuated lamps produced a current flow to an adjacent metal plate, but he was 20 years ahead of the times.
		Edison evidently believe, and as the Anglo-American Company [a transatlantic cable company] evidently fear, it can at no distant time be developed into a commercial success....
	www.hbci.com /~wenonah/history/edpart3.htm (3395 words)

	Popular music/recording history timeline
		In January 1878, the Edison Speaking Phonograph Company is formed.
		These “phonograph parlors,” begun in San Francisco, enable customers to sit at a desk, order a selection for a nickel by speaking into a tube, and listen through a separate tube connected to a cylinder phonograph in the room below while the selection is played.
		Their sound quality is widely hailed, but since the phonograph will play only “hill-and-dale” grooved records, and not the laterally cut discs made by Victor and Columbia, their popular impact is limited.
	www.soulexpressradio.com /1877.htm (3426 words)

	Introduction: The Thomas A. Edison Collection of American Sheet Music
		Edison’s interest in music is reported by no less an informant than his son Charles, a former Secretary of the Navy and Governor of New Jersey, in an article commissioned by Etude in 1947.
		Though he invented and patented the first practical phonograph in 1877, Edison was slow to realize the vast potential his sound recording and reproducing processes held for transmitting music.
		Moreover, as his son relates, by the following year Edison was engaged in his most famous work--development of the incandescent light--and further progress on his phonograph was set aside until 1887 when he entered patents for his wax cylinder and sapphire recording needle.
	microformguides.gale.com /Data/Introductions/30490FM.htm (4110 words)

	Edison Sound Recordings
		Edison set aside this invention in 1878 to work on the incandescent light bulb, and others moved forward to improve on his invention, including Chichester A. Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter, who developed a wax cylinder for the phonograph.
		Although initially used as a dictating machine for offices, the phonograph proved to be a popular form of entertainment, and Edison eventually offered a variety of recording selections to the public through his National Phonograph Company.
		In 1910, the company was reorganized into Thomas A. Edison, Inc. The Edison Disc Phonograph was developed in 1912 with the aim of competing in the popular disc market.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /ammem/edhtml/edsndhm.html (370 words)

	The Victor Talking Machine Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		These pages outline the major developments of a company which led an industry for almost three decades.
		Figure 1 - Edison and his improved tinfoil phonograph: Washington, D.C., April 18, 1878.
		Figure 26 - The above is a good example of the Company's use of curiosity and suspense in announcing the Orthophonic Victrola.
	www.davidsarnoff.org /vtm.htm (386 words)

	Edison United Phonograph Company $1,000 Gold Bond - New Jersey 1903
		This company was an attempt to reorganize the Edison United Phonograph Company which had been organized in New Jersey on February 24, 1890, to manufacture and market phonographs and graphophones outside of the United States and Canada.
		The New York banking house of J. Seligman & Company and its associate firms in foreign countries were the bankers and financial agents of the firm.
		The company entered receivership in the spring of 1894; it was probably dissolved in 1902 and this financing appears to be an attempt to fund a reorganization of the company.
	www.scripophily.net /edunphoncom1.html (558 words)

	Edison Cylinder Machines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Thomas A. Edison, the Wizard of Menlo Park, will never be forgotten by cylinder collectors since his name is nearly synonymous with the cylinder industry.
		Other companies sold cylinders--Chicago's Lambert Company, Columbia, Cleveland's U. Phonograph Company (maker of U-S Everlasting cylinders)--but Edison dominated the market and sold these tube-like records long after the public showed a preference for discs.
		Columbia stopped making cylinders in 1909 (the company afterwards distributed Indestructible cylinders, made by a smaller company) whereas the Edison Company sold four-minute Blue Amberola cylinders until July 1929.
	www.garlic.com /~tgracyk/cylindermachine.htm (1005 words)

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