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	Edith Bolling Wilson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Edith Bolling Galt Wilson (October 15, 1872 – December 28, 1961), second wife of Woodrow Wilson, was First Lady of the United States from 1915 to 1921.
		As one historian, Phyllis Levin, a former reporter for the New York Times, wrote, Edith Wilson was "a woman of narrow views and formidable determination" and blamed her for numerous diplomatic failures that occurred during her husband's incapacitation.
		Wilson left her home to the National Trust for Historic Preservation to be made into a museum honoring her husband.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edith_Bolling_Wilson (910 words)

	American President (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson's second wife, is sometimes described as America's first woman President because of the role she played after the President's massive stroke in October 1919.
		When Wilson decided, in the late summer of 1919, to travel across the country speaking in support of the League of Nations, Edith worried that his health was too frail to stand the strain.
		Edith Wilson never intended to usurp her husband's power nor to become the "first woman President." As she told Wilson's doctor, "I am not thinking of the country now, I am thinking of my husband." But in seeking to protect the man she loved, she did in fact assume a major political role.
	www.americanpresident.org /history/woodrowwilson/firstlady/email.html (776 words)

	Woodrow Wilson - dKosopedia
		Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born in 1856 in Staunton, Virginia.
		Wilson accepted the nomination of the Democratic Party for Governor of New Jersey and won in a landslide in 1910.
		Wilson's racism and willingness to compromise with the victorious Western European colonial powers meant that the self-determination he expoused at the end of the First World War was largely confined to white Europeans.
	www.dkosopedia.com /index.php/Woodrow_Wilson (1623 words)

	Echoes From the White House. Edith Wilson \| PBS
		Edith Bolling, a widow when she married Wilson, is said to have been so unusual that she drove an electric car -- the only one of its kind at the time.
		When Woodrow Wilson suffered a major stoke that left him paralyzed for five months, Edith took his health into her own hands and kept the nature of his illness away from the public while also managing his political calendar and scheduling appointments.
		Critics assailed Edith for her close monitoring of Wilson's appointments and claimed that the U.S. was under a "petticoat government." Edith later revealed to a journalist, "I, myself, never made a single decision regarding the disposition of public affairs.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/whitehouse/popups/wilson.html (317 words)

	USA-Presidents.Info - Woodrow Wilson
		Wilson was born in Staunton, Virginia, with ancestry in Strabane, Northern Ireland.
		Wilson served on the faculties of Bryn Mawr College and Wesleyan University before joining the Princeton faculty as professor of jurisprudence and political economy in 1890.
		Wilson intended the Fourteen Points as a means toward ending the war and achieving an equitable peace for all the nations.
	www.usa-presidents.info /wilson.htm (1025 words)

	Edith Bolling (Galt) Wilson
		Edith Bolling Galt Wilson was born on October 15, 1872, she was one of nine children of a judge and Mrs.
		Wilson was told that her husband couldn't take any stress and that included the running of the country.
		This is why Edith Bolling Galt should be recognized as a new woman because she kept her husbands illness a secret from the United States and in fact ran the Presidency.
	www.library.csi.cuny.edu /dept/history/lavender/386/egalt.html (818 words)

	First Ladies' Biographical Information
		In September 1919, Edith Wilson refused to have the U.S. accept the credentials of British representative Edward Grey who had been sent by his government to aid in the push for ratification of Wilson's League of Nations unless Grey dismissed one of his aides who was known to have made demeaning jokes at her expense.
		Edith Wilson held the literary rights to all of her husband's papers in a time before presidential papers were seen as public documents, and she denied access to those whose motives she did not trust and granted access to those who proved their loyalty to her.
		Edith Wilson maintained close contact with her successors, especially Grace Coolidge, Eleanor Roosevelt and Mamie Eisenhower, but she became overtly partisan in the 1960 election, denying her previous acquaintance with the Republican candidate Vice President Richard Nixon and pledging herself to John F. Kennedy's candidacy.
	www.firstladies.org /biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=29 (1389 words)

	Edith Bolling Galt Wilson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A happy, protected childhood and first marriage had prepared Edith Wilson for the duties of helpmate and hostess; widowhood had taught her something of business matters.
		Descendant of Virginia aristocracy, she was born in Wytheville in 1872, seventh among eleven children of Sallie White and Judge William Holcombe Bolling.
		Galt met the bereaved President, still mourning profoundly for his first wife.
	clinton3.nara.gov /WH/glimpse/firstladies/html/ew28-2.html (423 words)

	Term Paper on Woodrow Wilson
		Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born in Staunton, Va., on Dec. 28, 1856.
		Wilson studied (1879-80) at the University of Virginia Law School, briefly practiced law in Atlanta, and in 1883 entered The Johns Hopkins University for graduate study in political science.
		Wilson urged that the 1920 presidential election be a referendum on the League.
	www.swiftpapers.com /essay/Woodrow_Wilson-88143.html (199 words)

	CNN.com - Review: 'Edith and Woodrow' and then some - March 13, 2002
		"Edith and Woodrow" is her painstaking account of the Woodrow Wilson presidency (1913-'21), meticulously researched and recounted in extensive detail.
		The evidence Levin cites makes a persuasive case that Edith Wilson hid the gravity of her husband's illness at the time, and for the rest of her life.
		What she does offer is evidence that Wilson was incapable of making any executive decisions for many months, while his wife maintained a public facade that he had full use of his mental faculties.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/SHOWBIZ/books/03/13/review.edith.woodrow (628 words)

	PBS - American Experience: Woodrow Wilson \| Wilson- A Portrait
		With war raging in Europe and his beloved wife Ellen dead, Woodrow Wilson was a lonely and unhappy man. But all of that changed one afternoon in 1915, when the doors of the White House elevator opened to reveal a striking woman in walking clothes and muddy boots.
		Edith lived most of her life either within or near the American capital, rarely bothering to follow politics.
		Edith faced criticism for her actions, but she was specific that she never made decisions on her own.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/wilson/portrait/wp_edith.html (486 words)

	Edith Bolling (Galt) Wilson
		Edith Bolling Galt, (1872-1961)was a southerner and the widow of a Washington jeweler.
		She and Wilson were married on December 18, 1915 after he suffered a severe personal loss on August 6, 1914, with the death of his first wife.
		Wilson jealously guarded her husband, and most likely feared that his resignation would sap his will to live.
	www.roberttreatpaine.com /hallofusa/usfirstladies/EDITHWILSON.COM (290 words)

	EDITH WILSON, OUR FIRST WOMAN PRESIDENT?
		Wilson was a man "who depended on feminine companionship" and was very lonely without it.
		A descendant of Virginia aristocracy, Edith Bolling was born in Wytheville in 1872.
		She even accompanied Wilson to Paris when he went to attend the 1918 peace conference at the end of the war.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/presidents_and_first_ladies/27897 (415 words)

	President Wilson
		Woodrow Wilson was born in Staunton, Virginia on December 28, 1858.
		In 1919, Wilson became the first U.S. president to make a radio broadcast to when he spoke from a ship to World War I troops aboard other vessels and was it was picked up by some people in America.
		Partially paralyzed and nearly blind from a massive stroke, Wilson was protected by his wife, Edith, who ran what was called the "Petticoat Government." As the government limped along, she was also called the Iron Queen, the Presidentress, and the Regent.
	www.classroomhelp.com /lessons/Presidents/wilson.html (396 words)

	Edith Bolling Galt Wilson second wife of Woodrow Wilson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The marriage was successful but it never filled Edith with the feelings of romance she craved. They had only one child, who died at three days old in 1903.
		After a successful beginning, Edith Wilson sailed into the First Ladyship with all flags flying. She had shown the public she was patriotic by raising sheep on the South Lawn (to raise wool for the war effort), cutting receptions down at the White House, and working in the canteens.
		As long as this was the extent of her control, all was well. Still, Wilson was long used to her impact on state affairs. In 1918, she accompanied Wilson to Europe for his meeting in Paris of the Peace Conference. She angered the other leaders since their wives did not come. ...
	www.politicalquest.org /index.php/cID/88 (311 words)

	First Ladies Who Did More than Smile and Nod
		Wilson was an ardent maintainer of the status-quo regarding racial inequities and women's suffrage.
		Wilson, because of his own vanity, left a tattered peace process that unduly punished Germany and did little for the soldiers who fought for their country.
		Edith, loyal beyond the grave, tried to suppress the real facts about her husband's chronic poor health and legacy, But Eleanor attended to her own legacy rather than worrying about her husband's.
	baltimorechronicle.com /feb04_FirstLadies.html (764 words)

	The Field Museum Information: Press Room
		Edith was well known around Washington as an independent woman who drove her own electric car—at a time when a female driver was still an unusual sight.
		Though Edith originally had no active interest in politics, Wilson groomed her to be his political partner: he shared all aspects of his work with her, encouraged her to sit with him when he read important documents, even taught her to decode diplomatic messages.
		Edith later said of these times, “I myself never made a single decision regarding the disposition of public affairs….The only decision that was mine was what was important and what was not.” There was, apparently, no irony intended.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /museum_info/press/press_kennedy_lady4.htm (396 words)

	Today in History: December 28
		Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born on December 28, 1856, in Staunton, Virginia.
		Wilson was initially reluctant to involve the U.S. in World War I.
		In 1921, Wilson and his second wife Edith Bolling Galt Wilson retired from the White House to a home in the Embassy Row section of Washington, D.C. Wilson died there on February 3, 1924.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/dec28.html (732 words)

	EDITH BOLLING GALT WILSON - CLIPPED SIGNATURE
		On December 18, 1915, in Washington, D.C., 43-year-old widow Edith Bolling Galt, whose husband Norman had died in 1908, married 58-year-old widower President Woodrow Wilson, whose wife Ellen had died in the White House in 1914.
		President Wilson suffered paralytic strokes on September 26 and October 2, 1919 and, according to her 1939 autobiography, My Memoirs, Edith was told by neurologist Dr. Francis Dercum to "free him from worry".
		Wilson died at 89 on December 28, 1961, the 105th anniversary of her husband's birth.
	www.galleryofhistory.com /archive/1_2001/presidents/EDITH_BOLLING_GALT_WILSON.htm (273 words)

	Explore DC: Edith Wilson
		Edith and Woodrow were immediately attracted to one another and a romance developed rapidly.
		Wilson brought life and entertainment back to the White House but also proved to be an important asset to the president, working as his personal secretary.
		Edith, however, maintained that while she took over many routine duties and details of government, she did not initiate programs or make major decisions.
	www.exploredc.org /index.php?id=222 (273 words)

	New Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Wilson was writing to thank President Taft for advice concerning the mansion he was leaving.
		The Wilsons had preferred to begin the administration without an inaugural ball, and the First Lady's entertainments were simple; but her unaffected cordiality made her parties successful.
		Descendant of slave owners, Ellen Wilson lent her prestige to the cause of improving housing in the capital's Negro slums.
	home.hanmir.com /~hylia/doc/lady28.html (957 words)

	Early Bollings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		He died in 1645 and from him, the Virginia Bollings claims descentant Robert Bolling, son of John and Mary Bolling, of the Bollings of Bolling Hall, was the first of that name to settle in America.
		Robert Bolling born Dec. 26,1646 baptized at All Hollows, emigrated to America, arrived Oct. 2,1660 at the age of 14; married Jane Rolfe(1675), the daughter of Thomas Rolfe and grand daughter of Pocahontas.
		The descendants of Jane Rolfe's one son, John, are referred to as the 'red" Bollings and the descendants of Anne Stith are referred to as the "white" Bollings.
	personal.cfw.com /~bollingkd/earlybollings.html (556 words)

	Edith and Woodrow By Phyllis Lee Levin, Book Review in America, the Catholic magazine with book reviews, news, opinion ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The triumvirate of Edith Wilson, presidential spouse; Cary Grayson, presidential physician; and Joseph Tumulty, presidential press secretary reigning in the sick room for nearly a year and a half is quite another story, but a story well told.
		Edith Wilson not only made up the rules as she went along; she also used her vivid imagination to construct tales of meetings that never took place.
		Edith Wilson was not president (despite the book jacket’s proclamation); she harbored no such ambition and had no other agenda than that of protecting her husband and preserving his presidency.
	www.americamagazine.org /BookReview.cfm?textID=1662&articletypeid=31&issueID=366 (1081 words)

	Wilson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Married to Ellen Louise Axson Wilson and to Edith Bolling Galt Wilson
		Wilson advanced rapidly as a conservative young professor of political science and became president of Princeton in 1902.
		Wilson went before Congress in January 1918, to enunciate American war aims--the Fourteen Points, the last of which would establish "A general association of nations...affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike."
	www.duke.edu /~sgv3/Teach/bio_wilson.htm (555 words)

	Thomas Woodrow Wilson Was Born
		For his efforts, Wilson was awarded the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize, but the award was bittersweet.
		Wilson and his second wife, Edith Bolling Galt Wilson--who continued work in the White House when Wilson was ill--retired in Washington, D.C., in 1921.
		Wilson died three years later, and he is memorialized in many ways, including this 1918 footage of the president in a New York parade encouraging Americans to participate in Liberty Loans to support the war effort.
	www.americaslibrary.gov /cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/reform/wilson_4 (166 words)

	ZoomInfo Web Summary: Edith Wilson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Raised as a "proper" southern woman, Edith envisioned her role in marriage as a helpmate to her husband.
		Later, Edith contended that she was uniquely qualified for this role since she knew her husband's feelings on most issues.
		But to historians and students of history, Edith's role, especially during her husband's incapacitation, marked a unique time in United States' history when a woman exerted direct control over matters of state.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Wilson_Edith_145941761.htm (262 words)

	Edith Wilson, First Lady
		Edith Bolling was born in Wytherville, Virginia on October 15, 1872.
		She met President Wilson on a visit to the White House in April 1915.
		Edith and others thought he should resign the as President, but the doctors encouraged him to continue.
	www.classroomhelp.com /lessons/FirstLadies/EBWilson.html (217 words)

	Amazon.ca: Edith and Woodrow : The Wilson White House: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The U.S. Senate's refusal to ratify the League of Nations was one result of the way Edith Wilson handled this crisis, hence she must bear some responsibility for the diplomatic failures that led to World War II.
		Wilson who had married the president one year after the untimely death of First Lady Ellen Wilson acted very much like a regent, restricting access to her sickly husband and issuing executive orders and directives that she presented at the time (and later, in...
		While Wilson was unable to appear in public he was able to read and perform limited duties of his office.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0743211588 (1454 words)

	The White House Historical Association > Picturing the President's House
		Description: Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, born in Virginia and widowed, met President Wilson in 1915.
		In 1917, Edith Wilson created the White House China Room when she ordered glass cabinets to hold and display china from earlier administrations.
		Wilson delegated tasks to other department heads and carefully screened what was brought to the president’s attention.
	www.whitehousehistory.org /04/subs_pph/PresidentDetail.aspx?ID=28&imageID=186 (116 words)

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