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Topic: Edmund Pettus Bridge

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	Edmund Pettus
		Edmund Winston Pettus (July 6, 1821 - 1907), for whom the civil rights landmark Edmund Pettus Bridge was named, was born in Alabama.
		Pettus was a lawyer and judge and served throughout the western theater during the Civil War.
		The Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, became a civil rights landmark when on March 7, 1965, a band of civil rights marchers on their way to Montgomery crossed the bridge, only to be attacked by state troopers on the other side.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/e/ed/edmund_pettus.html (156 words)

	Protest gets real on bridge in Selma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		As the grainy video showed, the march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge to protest for voting rights was one of the most violent confrontations in the movement.
		By the time it ended, the Edmund Pettus Bridge, spanning the Alabama River, once a glaring symbol of America's racial divide, became a monument to social triumph.
		At the first march to attempt to cross Pettus Bridge, the one remembered as Bloody Sunday, she heard bones break.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/05165/521319.stm (609 words)

	Today in History: March 7
		On the outskirts of Selma, after they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge, the marchers, in plain sight of photographers and journalists, were brutally assaulted by heavily armed state troopers and deputies.
		On March 9, Dr. King led a group again to the Pettus Bridge where they knelt, prayed, and, to the consternation of some, returned to Brown Chapel.
		With the exception of Concord Bridge, where the American Revolution began, no bridge in America marks an event as historically momentous as that marked by the Edmund Pettus Bridge.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/mar07.html (1932 words)

	ACLC March Across the Edmund Pettus Bridge - Unification News 9/2003
		On the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965, over 600 Christians marched and were stopped at the bridge by Alabama state troopers.
		That's why on the Edmund Pettus we prayed as the fourth Israel proclaiming now that we have marched in Selma, we will now go to Gaza and march with our brothers and sisters there from all religions.
		As we marched over the bridge, we sang and shouted and the we could feel that the spiritual walls are coming down.
	www.tparents.org /UNews/Unws0309/aclc_selma_march_MJ.htm (522 words)

	USATODAY.com - Civil rights-era figures mark Selma march (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Ala., is covered with people as they crossed the bridge Sunday.
		In a service at Brown Chapel, six blocks from the bridge, Lewis cited former President Bill Clinton, who crossed the bridge with Selma marchers in 2000, and former Alabama Gov. Don Siegelman as white politicians who have greeted modern civil rights concerns with open arms.
		The crowd on the bridge included many young people such as Teresa Prevo, 29, of Selma, whose four children came along for the observance.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2005-03-06-selma-march-bridge_x.htm (688 words)

	The Selma Times-Journal: Local (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The event will combine an array of entertainment with educational initiatives that illustrate the historical significance of the Edmund Pettus Bridge march to Montgomery and its pivotal role in the civil rights movement.
		These "invisible giants," said Albright, will give modern day students a unique perspective by allowing them to meet a person who made a difference during an age of social turmoil and who were about the same age as the students when it all occurred.
		The symbolic Edmund Pettus Bridge will serve as the backdrop for Saturday's activities, which includes an annual parade and an all-day Jubilee festival featuring national and local artists and vendors.
	www.selmatimesjournal.com /articles/2006/02/19/news/local/news2170.txt (894 words)

	EarthStation1.com - The Civil Rights Audio / Video Archive - The Selma Marches Audio & Video
		After they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge over the Alabama River, Alabama State Troopers blocked their further passage and 'dispersed' this peaceful assembly with billy clubs and tear gas.
		Not having had a court injunction preventing their March overturned, however, they turned back at the far end of the Edmund Pettus bridge, under the direction of Martin Luther King, after a moving moment of kneeled prayer lead by Rev. Ralph Abernathy.
		King leads a prayer for the three Unitarian Ministers who were beaten (one of whom later died of his wounds) as a direct result of their participation in the second Selma March.
	www.earthstation1.com /The_Selma_Marches.html (476 words)

	Voices of Civil Rights :: The Voices
		The painting is of a scene from recent American history, and the bright forms on the canvas show all the pain, horror, and hope of a certain Sunday in March of 1965.
		The painting is called "Selma Bridge Crossing" and it depicts that famous moment when civil rights marchers attempted to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, as they headed to Montgomery for a voting rights demonstration.
		Thousands claim to have been on the Pettus Bridge at that time, but Sims, now 77, really was.
	www.voicesofcivilrights.org /civil5_2004_04_bs.html (1008 words)

	Selma's First Black Mayor - James Perkins - Brief Article Ebony - Find Articles
		JAMES Perkins was 12 years old when Alabama State Police savagely attacked civil rights marchers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge, setting off a series of chain reactions that changed Selma and the United States forever.
		After the votes were tallied, Perkins' supporters filled the streets and took the celebration to the Edmund Pettus Bridge, a fitting christening of the new era in Selma to come.
		Perkins says he wants to put the ominous events of the Edmund Pettus Bridge into perspective: It is a part of Selma's history, the nation's history, but it will no longer be the first thing people think of when they mention his city.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1077/is_2_56/ai_67531411 (935 words)

	Press Release from Congressman Al Green: Working for the People of the Ninth District of Texas
		Green reflected as he crossed Edmund Pettus Bridge, “I realized that the people who chose to participate in that march were of great courage.
		It was there, on March 7, 1965, that Lewis suffered a fractured skull when state troopers beat back the group of pro-voting rights demonstrators as they attempted to peacefully cross en route to Montgomery from Selma, Alabama.
		Three fourths of the way across the bridge Congressman Lewis stopped the marchers for a second time and recanted a story, that has so many times gone untold, of the then sheriff, Jim Clark, turning his deputies on the marchers as they began to pray.
	www.house.gov /list/press/tx09_green/pr_050308brdg.html (729 words)

	An Interactive Civil rights Chronology
		By September 1967, the Department of Labor informs all federal agencies that they must abide by the Philadelphia Plan, causing hostility among labor unions as well as contractors.
		On "Bloody Sunday," March 7th, six hundred demonstrators gather at the Edmund Pettus Bridge to begin a four day march from Selma to Montgomery to petition Governor Wallace for fl voting rights.
		After the protesters cross the Pettus bridge, Alabama state troopers are unleashed on them, leading to one of the most violent episodes of the civil rights struggles.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/jbalkin/brown/1965.html (200 words)

	USATODAY.com - Lewis hopes for high civil-rights turnout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The path of the journey, to be held March 4-6, will be similar to those of past years, but this one is notable because it marks the 40th anniversary of the "Bloody Sunday" march across the famous Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Ala.
		Lewis was badly beaten when he and other civil rights activists marched across the bridge on March 7, 1965, but the brutality helped stir awareness of their cause.
		The answer: He was the federal judge whose ruling, unpopular at the time, allowed Lewis and other demonstrators to cross the bridge in March 1965.
	www.usatoday.com /news/washington/2005-02-15-civil-rights-march_x.htm (640 words)

	Selma March
		At 1:00 P.M. as 600 peaceful marchers approached the bottom of the Edmund Pettus Bridge they were met by Alabama state troopers and local deputies.
		As the marchers were singing "Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Round" when they reached the bottom of the Edmund Pettus Bridge once again they were met by the Alabama state troopers.
		Among the marchers were ministers of all faith and races, leaders from every major organization, and celebrities such as Ralph Bunche and Harry Belafonte.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0214523/selmamarch.htm (743 words)

	Bloody Sunday March Reenactment
		On the Historic Edmund Pettus Bridge LaRouche Youth Movement members, Abdul-aliy Muhammad (left) and Paul Mourino carry a banner in the lead of the reenactment of the 1965 march.
		Robinson, of her autobiography, “Bridge Across Jordan,” recently re-released by the Schiller Institute.
		The culmination of the ceremonies took place on Sunday with a re-enactment of the march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge.
	www.schillerinstitute.org /highlite/2005/bloody_Sun_reenact.html (1239 words)

	Alabama e-Packet from The Faith & Politics Institute
		Selma's Edmund Pettus Bridge where state troopers on horseback forced peaceful marchers to flee an assault of teargas and billy clubs.
		Led by 23 year-old SNCC leader John Lewis and SCLC leader Hosea Williams, they attempted to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge and march from Selma to Montgomery to dramatize their desire to participate in the political process.
		Met by state troopers on horseback at the far end of the bridge, the group was driven back across with teargas and billy clubs.
	www.faithandpolitics.org /ale-packet/ale-packet.html (3325 words)

	Highlights for March 21
		U.S. Army and National Guard troops were on hand to provide safe passage for the "Alabama Freedom March," which twice had been turned back by Alabama state police at Selma's Edmund Pettus Bridge.
		Although Governor Wallace promised to prevent it from going forward, on March 7 some 500 demonstrators, led by SCLC leader Hosea Williams and SNCC leader John Lewis, began the 54-mile march to the state capital.
		After crossing Pettus Bridge, they were met by Alabama state troopers and posse men who attacked them with nightsticks, tear gas, and whips after they refused to turn back.
	twotrees.www.50megs.com /attic/history/03/21h.html (1099 words)

	We Shall Overcome -- First Baptist Church
		First Baptist Church, along with its close neighbor, Brown Chapel AME Church, played a pivotal role in the Selma, Alabama, marches that helped lead to the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.
		At the Edmund Pettus Bridge, six blocks from Brown Chapel, mounted troopers confronted the marchers and ordered them to disperse.
		On March 9, Martin Luther King, Jr., led a "symbolic" march to the bridge, and on March 21, after Governor Wallace's ban was overruled by Federal Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/civilrights/al3.htm (368 words)

	Timeline
		Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot in the stomach by a state trooper.
		Marchers were attacked on the Edmund Pettus Bridge by Alabama state troopers.
		Over 1,500 people came from all over the country and marched to the Edmund Pettus Bridge, knelt and prayed, then marched back to Brown Chapel A.M.E.Church.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0214523/timeline.htm (207 words)

	'Bridge Across Jordan' in Italian
		The Italian edition of “Bridge Across Jordan,” entitled “Un ponte sul Giordano: la mia lunga marcia con Martin Luther King” (My long march with Martin Luther King), the autobiography of Civil Rights heroine Amelia Platts Boynton Robinson, and published by Edizioni Palomar, was presented Feb. 23 at Cuneo Book Fair.
		Robinson lying on the ground after being beaten by Alabama Gov. George Wallace’s mounted police at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, on March 7, 1965.
		She read two pages about the famous march on the Edmund Pettus Bridge, when Amelia understood the deep meaning of “Oh freedom over me, and before I'll be a slave I'll be buried in my grave, and go home to my Lord and be free.”
	www.schillerinstitute.org /highlite/2005/amelia_book_italian.html (458 words)

	Edmund Pettus Bridge
		Edmund Winston Pettus Bridge became a symbol of the momentous changes taking place in Alabama, America, and the world.
		It was here that voting rights marchers were violently confronted by law enforcement personnel on March 7, 1965.
		This time, 3,200, versus the initial 600, marches headed east out of Selma, across the Edmund Pettus Bridge and on to Montgomery.
	www.byways.org /browse/byways/2050/places/12698 (253 words)

	cantonrep.com
		As several hundred marchers crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge to begin their protest march to Montgomery, state troopers violently assaulted the crowd with clubs and whips.
		NEW YORK (AP) — On what would become known as “Bloody Sunday,”; voting rights marchers in March 1965 reached the highest point on the Edmund Pettus Bridge near Selma, Ala., and saw a blue sea of uniforms awaiting them at the end of the bridge.
		Most of the sections about to expire, he explained, resulted from blatantly race-based, often violent tactics, such as the 1965 Pettus bridge attack.
	www.cantonrep.com /printable.php?ID=277848 (804 words)

	Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma Alabama, Sunburst t-shirt and apparel from Zazzle.com
		Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma Alabama, Sunburst t-shirt and apparel from Zazzle.com
		A lovely watercolor of the historic Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama.
		Be the first to comment on Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma Alabama, Sunburst.
	www.zazzle.com /product/235718435918005187 (104 words)

	We Shall Overcome -- Selma-to-Montgomery March
		They got only as far as the Edmund Pettus Bridge six blocks away, where state and local lawmen attacked them with billy clubs and tear gas and drove them back into Selma.
		Two days later on March 9, Martin Luther King, Jr., led a "symbolic" march to the bridge.
		Then civil rights leaders sought court protection for a third, full-scale march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/civilrights/al4.htm (332 words)

	African American Registry: The incident at the Edmund Pettus Bridge!
		A number of newsmen witnessed the long column of freedom singing marchers as they approached the Edmund Pettus Bridge, the gateway out of Selma.
		After crossing the bridge over the Alabama River, the marchers’ path was blocked by State troopers.
		The incident was seen on national television while 16 marchers ended up in the hospital and another 50 received emergency treatment.
	www.aaregistry.com /african_american_history/976/The_incident_at_the_Edmund_Pettus_Bridge (169 words)

	EDMUND PETTUS BRIDGE by Bill Mitton
		any child, mine or yours, is able to cross any bridge they want to.
		At the Edmund Pettis Bridge, the marchers were met by state and local lawmen wielding clubs and tear gas, who drove them back to Selma.
		You've probably heard that it was named in honor of a Confederate Brigadier General.
	www.poemhunter.com /poem/edmund-pettus-bridge (485 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Nation -- Civil rights-era figures observe 40th anniversary of Selma march
		– Rep. John Lewis returned to the Edmund Pettus Bridge, 40 years after he braved billy clubs and tear gas in one of the grimmest, goriest spectacles of the civil rights movement.
		Others on hand Sunday to commemorate the marches across the bridge included the Rev. Jesse Jackson, Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, and Lynda Johnson Robb, whose father, President Lyndon Johnson, signed the Voting Rights Act into law later in 1965.
		He was among 17 fls hospitalized as that march was turned back while crossing the bridge.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/nation/20050307-0037-selmamarch.html (482 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Beyond the Edmund Pettus Bridge
		Moving cautiously on the back of a mule, he knew that around any corner might be lurking those who would stop at nothing to halt his mission.
		On Bloody Sunday, March 7, 1965, he was one of the four leaders of the voting rights march and felt the full brunt of the violence as mounted troopers drove the marchers back across Selma's Edmund Pettus Bridge.
		Although the right to vote eventually was won, Mants says the battle produced little change for the masses.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A8434-2003Jan3?language=printer (923 words)

	Print: Journal of Lutheran Ethics
		William E. Lesher is President emeritus of Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago, and currently Chair of the Board of Trustees for the Council for a Parliament of the World's Religions.
		They only got as far as the Edmund Pettus Bridge at the edge of this small southern town.
		At that moment it became clear to me that what was going on at the Edmund Pettus Bridge was God’s call through the church to me. I tried to say this as best I could in this initial, and ministry-forming, congregational conversation.
	www.elca.org /jle/print.asp?k=584 (2508 words)

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