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	Tokyo Travel Japan Tokyo Discount Hotels Tokyo Directory
		Edo-jo (Edo Castle) had the high ground, but that wasn't enough; all around it, at strategic points, he gave large estates to allies and trusted retainers.
		All this, the Edo of feudal estates, of villas and gardens and temples, lay south and west of Edo-jo.
		The heart of Shitamachi, proud and stubborn in its Edo ways, is Asakusa; the dividing line is Ginza, west of which lie the boutiques and depato, the banks and engines of government, the pleasure domes and caf?s.
	www.tokyo-hotels.cc (840 words)

	Edo Castle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Edo Castle (江戸城 -jō) was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan in what is now the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo, but was then known as Edo, Toshima District, Musashi Province.
		The Edo clan perished in the fifteenth century as a result of uprisings in the Kanto region, and Ota Dokan, a retainer of the Ogigayatsu Uesugi family, built Edo Castle in 1457.
		Edo Castle was the center of Tokugawa administration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edo_Castle (574 words)

	Edo Castle: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Hirado castle (hirado-jo) is the castle of the former hirado han....
		Iwakuni castle (; -j) was the castle of the iwakuni han during the edo period of japanese history....
		Fushimi castle (-j) is a replica of the original built by toyotomi hideyoshi on momoyama in fushimi wards of japanward of kyoto,...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ed/edo_castle.htm (1105 words)

	Edo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tokugawa shogunate was established in 1603 with Edo as its seat of government (de facto capital).
		Edo was devastated repeatedly by fires, the Meireki no Taika of 1657 perhaps having been the most serious one: an estimated 100,000 people perished in the flames.
		During the Edo period, the Shogunate appointed administrators (machi bugyo) to oversee the government of Edo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edo (322 words)

	Castles
		The castle stood until 1615 when it was burned to the ground in final defeat of the remaining Toyotomi loyalists by the Tokugawa There is presently a castle on the old grounds in Osaka but it is a modern smaller scale rebuild.
		This castle, built in the same grand design as its predecessors, indirectly represented the power and authority of the Tokugawa to the western daiymyo who were predominantly on the opposing side at the battle of Sekigahara (1600) and later the Osaka Castle campaign.
		Castle gates were always considered to be the most vunerable points in castle defense.The main gate had to be both an imposing structure and a deterrent to the enemies advancement.
	www.yoshinoantiques.com /castles.html (2418 words)

	Edo
		Edo (Japanese: 江戸, literally: bay-door, "estuary"), once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo.
		While there have been early settlements on the hills at the Tokyo Bay for several centuries, the first major event in the history of Edo was the building of the Edo Castle in 1457 by Ota Dokan.
		During the Edo period, there were about one hundred fires, typically caused by accidents when the mostly wooden houses were heated with charcoal fires in winter.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/e/ed/edo.html (301 words)

	Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire . Timeline - 1600s \| PBS
		The processions from their domains to Edo were grand affairs of pomp and circumstance with hundreds or even thousands of guards, aides, advisors and servants.
		Edo's many wooden buildings and narrow alleys made it prone to fire, and the city's many blazes were called the "flowers of Edo." The most destructive was the Meirike fire of 1657.
		Beginning in a small temple in Edo's northern section, the blaze was carried by flying sparks across moats and canals, demolishing dozens of daimyo estates near Edo castle.
	www.pbs.org /empires/japan/timeline_1600.html (1667 words)

	Japanese Castles - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		Nagoya Castle was built in the beginning of the Edo Period for one of the three Tokugawa family branches, the Owari.
		In 1635 the castle was assigned to a branch of the Matsudaira family, relatives of the Tokugawa, and remained in their hands until the end of the feudal era.
		Edo castle in Tokyo (where the Imperial family lives), Morioka Castle from Morioka; the largest city of my mother's native home of Iwate, and Hiroshima Castle a reconstruction of the castle after the nuke hit in wwII.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=4403 (886 words)

	Russell Stutler's Sketchbook Page 32 plus Edo Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		At the end of the Edo era, the emperor ousted the Tokugawa Shogun and once again became the real ruler of Japan (the emperors had been the leaders in title only during the two and a half century reign of the Shoguns).
		Today a large part of the Edo Castle grounds is off limits to the public because the current emperor lives there (and his position is now symbolic rather than political).
		Edo is the name for old Tokyo during the samurai era (Edo era) and it is still used a lot with pride.
	www.stutler.cc /other/sketchbook/sketchbook_32.html (1220 words)

	Fodors Destination Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Edo-jo (Edo Castle) had the high ground, but that wasn't enough; all around it, at strategic points, he gave large estates to allies and trusted retainers.
		He required them to keep large, expensive establishments in Edo; to contribute generously to the temples he endowed; to come and go in alternate years in great pomp and ceremony; and, when they returned to their estates, to leave their families -- in effect, hostages -- behind.
		All this, the Edo of feudal estates, of villas and gardens and temples, lay south and west of Edo-jo.
	marriott.com /property/fodors.mi?city=Tokyo (679 words)

	72 Hours in Tokyo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Edo Castle was destroyed in the Second World War and the buildings of the current palace are off-limits to the public (except for December 23 and January 2, if you should be so lucky), but the gardens give a good idea of the scale of the place.
		Daimyo (feudal lords) from around Japan were required to maintain residences in both Edo and their home territories; with the influx of money and power the capital grew by leaps and bounds, becoming Japan's nexus of all things new and fashionable.
		Edo was renamed Tokyo or "eastern capital." Thus the Edo period came to an end, and Tokyo has been Japan's sole capital ever since—and a leader in business, culture and fashion.
	www.gayot.com /travel/citytrips/tokyo.html (1171 words)

	Edo, the City That Became Tokyo
		Edo was nothing more than a village on the edge of Edo Bay when Ieyasu Tokugawa chose it as the site for a castle from which he, as shogun, could administer the country.
		The castle was of utmost importance because Japan had just emerged from a hundred years of civil war, and Ieyasu was determined that the power he had gained should not be wrested from him by antagonistic warlords.
		The castle, of course, had to be supplied with the necessities of everyday life, and thus a town had to be built where merchants and artisans could live.
	www.globecorner.com /t/t34/17013.php (440 words)

	Tokyo - City Guide
		Prior to 1868, Tokyo was known as Edo.
		A small castle town in the 16th century, Edo became Japan's political center in 1603 when Tokugawa Ieyasu established his feudal government there.
		With the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the emperor and capital were moved from Kyoto to Edo, which was renamed Tokyo ("Eastern Capital").
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2164.html (490 words)

	iay@there: Cherry Blossom Time
		An avenue of cherry trees is blossoming in the Edo (Shearin) frontierzone on southern Motu Motu.
		There are benches to sit on under the trees, and a sorihashi bridge and a model of Edo castle to admire at the...
		There are benches to sit on under the trees, and a sorihashi bridge and a model of Edo castle to admire at the end of the avenue.
	www.iay.org.uk /there/blog/archive/2004/02/000046.html (188 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		Edo - Castle in Musashi and capital of the Tokugawa Bakufu.
		It remained the capital of the Tokugawa until 1867; in 1868 the Emperor Meiji moved the Imperial Court to Edo and renamed it Tokyo.
		With no more battles to fight, the Edo samurai refined their ways of thinking and in many ways shaped the romantic way in which samurai history is now perceived.
	www.samurai-archives.com /vocab.html (8182 words)

	Tokyo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a result, the city developed rapidly and grew to become one of the largest cities in the world with a population topping 1 million by the 18th century.
		In 1869, the figurehead 17-year-old Emperor Meiji moved to Edo, which was renamed "Tokyo".
		Tokyo was already the nation's political, economic, and cultural center, and the emperor's residence made it a de facto imperial capital as well with the former Edo Castle becoming the Imperial Palace.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tokyo (2887 words)

	The art of Edo Japan Magazine Antiques - FindArticles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Edo (Japanese for river gate), is the original name of the city known today as Tokyo.
		Tokugawa resolved this problem brilliantly by building the magnificent Nijojo (Nijo Castle) between 1569 and 1605 in Kyoto, but moving the administrative apparatus of his regime to Edo, where he built Edojo (Edo Castle) between 1590 and 1636.
		It is estimated that in the eighteenth century the population of Edo numbered 1,300,000, making it the largest city in the world at the time.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1026/is_6_154/ai_53450383 (435 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Mass. / Sculptors devastated over loss of ice castle
		Three champion ice sculptors from Japan are returning home today, their dream of creating a 45-ton castle for the city's First Night celebration reduced to a shapeless pile and a slowly expanding puddle on Boston Common.
		The replica of Edo Castle, planned for a decade and executed through hour upon hour of delicate sculpting, was intended to help launch the 100th anniversary of the Japan Society of Boston, a group dedicated to cross-cultural education and exchange between the peoples of Japan and New England.
		In Japan, the original castle -- now the site of the emperor's imperial palace in Tokyo -- was home to the Tokugawa Shogunate, rulers of the country for more than 250 years.
	www.boston.com /news/local/massachusetts/articles/2004/01/02/sculptors_devastated_over_loss_of_ice_castle (626 words)

	JapanCorner - The Benihana Guide to Japan
		Work began on expanding the castle and by the middle of the 17th century; it was the largest castle in the world.
		In 1888 the new castle was complete and became the official residence of the Emperor.
		Although the castle is closed to the public, the Koukyo Higashi Gyoen (East Garden) and Wadakura Funsui Koen (Water Fountain Park) are open and many visitors enjoy strolling around the exterior of the palace to view the ancient walls, moats and bridges especially when the cherry blossom trees planted all around are in bloom.
	www.japancorner.com /tokyo.asp (2055 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The castle itself and the grounds around it were fortified with a various amounts of defensive devices.
		The second purpose of these castles was to present to society the wealth and power of these daimyo.
		Castles have their roots in the division of lands that were once divided by the warlords at the time.
	www.bridgewater.edu /~dhuffman/soc306/f03grp1/history.html (261 words)

	pok's go space, Go in the Edo period, Masukawa
		The tournaments at the Castle were held regularly since 1667, seven years before this record was written.
		In 1674 it was finally decided that the Castle Games should be held on the 20th day of the 11th Month and that Honinbô Dôetsu should play Yasui Santetsu.
		The tournament was finally held on the 24th in the Kuro-shoin Hall of Edo Castle.
	pokspace.goverband.at /essays/masukawa.htm (2243 words)

	aizu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In 1589 Date Masamune took the castle, but his reign was short lived; Gamo Ujisato, a Hideyoshi retainer, overtook it in the 18th year of Tensho Era (1591) to rename it Tsuruga Castle.
		Tenshyukaku is the main tower of a whole castle compound and was formed originally from a watchtower built above the habitation during the civil war period of Sengoku (1467-1603).
		During Edo period it was considered a symbol of the local daimyo's authority and became more decorative.
	www3.sympatico.ca /iaido/aizu2.htm (388 words)

	Tale of the 47 Ronin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		By law, when a samurai lord committed seppuku, his castle was confiscated by the Shogun, his family was disinherited, and his 321 samurai retainers were ordered to disband, thus becoming ronin or masterless warriors.
		One by one Oishi and his men infiltrated Edo, and on a snowy winter night of December 14, 1702 the 47 ronin attacked the mansion of Kira while he was having a tea party.
		Prepared to die for their deed, Oishi sent two delegates to the Magistrate of Edo, informing him of what had been done and telling the official that they would be waiting at the Sengaku-ji Temple, awaiting orders from the Shogun.
	students.imsa.edu /~bobafett/kendo/history_files/47ronin.html (1245 words)

	FightingArts.com - A visit to the Samurai Castle - Himejijo
		What makes Himejijo unique, aside from its beautiful form and setting, is that the castle is an authentic example of Edo period castle architecture, more perfectly preserved than any other castle in Japan.
		As such, it gives insight into Edo period military thinking, and the way of life of the warrior class of the time.
		Since it was never attacked, and was miraculously preserved from fire, the castle complex existed essentially intact until recent times.
	www.fightingarts.com /content02/samurai_castle_a.shtml (855 words)

	Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire . Timeline - 1700s \| PBS
		Sparking an affair that captures the imagination of Japanese to this day, Lord Asano, a young daimyo from a small rural domain was insulted by a court official during a visit to Edo Castle.
		Granted permission to observe the dissection of an executed woman, a small group of Edo scholars realized their understanding of human anatomy (based on Chinese theory) was wrong.
		One of the worst famines of the Edo period, the Temme Famine lasted from 1782 to 1787.
	www.pbs.org /empires/japan/timeline_1700.html (1068 words)

	GoBase.org - History of Go -- Edo era
		The tournament was finally held on the 24th in the Kuro-shoin Hall of Edo Castle.
		However, when they entered the Castle to show their art to the Shogun himself, they received a treatment suiting the most exalted artists.
		Probably, the reason why the Castle Games were continued over such a long time was due to the enthusiasm of connoisseurs of go and shogi among the ranks of the highest officials who regularly participated at okonomi games.
	gobase.org /reading/history/edo (2133 words)

	Old Tokyo - Marunouchi
		Maru-no-uchi (within the [castle] walls) has existed in name since the Tokugawa era when the area fringing Edo Castle's outermost fortifications was filled with the estates of daimyo required to spend every other year in the capital.
		Present-day Marunouchi is roughly defined extending from the Otemachi district in the north to Hibiya Park in the south; from the Imperial Palace moat east to Tokyo Station.
		In the distance, center, can be seen Chiyoda Castle, the only remaining remnant of the Tokugawa Edo Castle complex, and the defensive ramparts and moats that secured the palace area.
	www.oldtokyo.com /marunouchi.html (616 words)

	IMPERIAL PALACE GARDEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The largest castle in the land, it was the administrative center of the Tokugawa era.
		The soil of Edo Castle was taken over by the Imperial family after the Meiji restoration (c.
		Surrounding the palace are the remains of the Edo Castle moats and three gardens, Higashi Gyoen (East Garden), Kitanomaru Koen (North Citadel Park) and the outer garden.
	www.cfay.navy.mil /fscyoko/maps/imperial_palace_garden.htm (829 words)

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