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Topic: Edouard Stephan

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Interferometry

	Stephan's Quintet - A Mammoth Cosmic Collision
		Stephan's Quintet is a favoured object for amateur astronomers and has earned a reputation as a challenging target for good hobby telescopes.
		Historically, observations of Stephan's Quintet contributed significantly to the debate concerning the validity of redshift as a measure of distance.
		Stephan's Quintet has been a very puzzling object for many years because of the discordant redshift of NGC 7320 and because of the high 1000 km/s relative velocities of NGC 7318A and NGC7318B.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/stellar-00d.html (975 words)

	NGC7320
		Stephan's Quintet, as its name implies, is a group of five galaxies (NGC7317, 7318A, 7318B, 7319 and 7320) and lies about 270 million light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus (North-west of the Great Square of Pegasus).
		The galaxy group was the first of its kind to be discovered and was found by the French astronomer Edouard Stephan in 1877, using the Foucault 80-cm reflector at the Marseilles Observatory.
		In 1961 Geoffrey and Margaret Burbridge obtained spectra of the galaxies in Stephan's Quintet.
	www.dsi-astronomie.de /NGC7320.htm (373 words)

	GRAPE results
		It was discovered (as a quartet) by Edouard Stephan in 1877, using the Foucault 80-cm reflector at the Marseille Observatory.
		Stephan was the first director of Marseille Observatory (on its present site) who worked here : the impetus [in the 1860s] for the construction of a new Marseille Observatory and the installation of the Foucault 80-cm telescope having been given by Le Verrier (of Neptune fame).
		The astronomical interest in Stephan's Quintet began in the 1960's, when the redshifts of the constituent galaxies were measured.
	www.oamp.fr /dynamique/pap/stephan.html (419 words)

	SPACE.com -- Hubble Spies Galactic Collision
		Stephan's Quintet lies within the box of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image, the width of which is equal to three Milky Ways.
		Pegasus is the seventh largest constellation in the sky and holds Stephan's Quintet in its northern border.
		French astronomer Edouard Stephan discovered a group of enchanting galaxies in 1877 by using the first telescope to have a silver-backed glass mirror.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/hubble_stephans_010719.html (912 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Hubble solves cosmic mystery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Stephan's Quintet is a group of five galaxies about 270 million light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus.
		Observations of Stephan's Quintet had thrown doubt on the long-established connection between an object's distance and its redshift, the degree to which its light has been "stretched" by the expansion of the Universe.
		Stephan's Quintet has been a very puzzling object for many years because of the discordant redshift of NGC 7320.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/sci/tech/994116.stm (603 words)

	SQtext
		Stephan's Quintet (Hickson 92, Arp 319) (NGC 7317, 7318A/B, 7319, and 7320)
		This small group of spiral galaxies was first discovered by the French astronomer, Edouard Stephan in 1877 and is often considered the prototype of small compact galactic groups.
		Stephan's Quintet is composed of a kernal of three galaxies (NGC 7317, 7318A, and 7319) that has sufficient mass to attract nearby galaxies into high velocity encounters.
	www.robgendlerastropics.com /SQtext.html (662 words)

	Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics » Stephan's Quintet (NGC 7317, 7318A, 7318B, 7319, 7320) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Stephan's Quintet (NGC 7317, 7318A, 7318B, 7319, 7320)
		The fifth, NGC 7320, has a much lower redshift and is thus a foreground object not associated with the others.
		The group was discovered by Édouard Stephan in 1876....
	eaa.iop.org /index.cfm?action=summary&doc=eaa/5326@eaa-xml (91 words)

	Galaxies News 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The image is of a controversial galaxy group of galaxies, called Stephan's Quintet, that has been a puzzle for decades.
		Some astronomers have suggested that the group questions the idea that the Universe is expanding because one of its galaxies is much closer, and so measurements of distances in space cannot be believed.
		Observations of Stephan's Quintet had thrown doubt on the long-established connection between an objects distance and its redshift, a relationship caused by the expansion of the Universe.
	www.crystalinks.com /galaxynews3.html (2641 words)

	Giving Up the Galactic Ghost :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		Summary (Sep 07, 2004): While a terrestrial view of a galaxy might disguise the turbulent, changing mergers that fuel their formation, a famous cluster called Stephan's Quintet shows that seemingly immutable stars are always in flux.
		Stephan's Quintet was imaged by the Gemini Observatory using the Multi-Object Spectrograph on Gemini North.
		A stunning image released by the Gemini Observatory captures the graceful interactions of a galactic ballet, on a stage some 300 million light years away, that might better be described as a contortionist's dance.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article1180.html (1015 words)

	Gemini Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The interacting members of Stephan's Quintet appear destined to continue their dance for millions more years.
		Stephan's Quintet was discovered in 1877 by the French astronomer Edouard Stephan using the Foucault 80-centimeter reflector at the Marseilles Observatory.
		Recent observations of star cluster formation near Stephan's Quintet with Gemini can be found here.
	www.gemini.edu /index.php?option=content&task=view&id=68 (783 words)

	Alpha Centauri's Universe: Exploration Of Stephan's Quintet
		This close-up view of Stephan's Quintet, a group of five galaxies, reveals a string of bright star clusters that sparkles like a diamond necklace.
		The clusters, each harboring up to millions of stars, were born from the violent interactions between some members of the group.The rude encounters also have distorted the galaxies' shapes, creating elongated spiral arms and long, gaseous streamers.
		Spied by Edouard M. Stephan in 1877, Stephan's Quintet is the first compact group ever discovered.
	www.earthandspace.info /contents/file0418b.htm (406 words)

	Hickson 79 in Serpens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Seyfert's Sextet (Hickson 79 in Serpens) was actually discovered visually by Edouard Stephan, director of the Marseilles Observatory, in June of 1882 using an 80-cm (31.5-inch) reflector.
		Interestingly, Stephan also mentions in his observation that "very faint star involved, two very faint stars near." This suggests to me that Stephan may have unknowingly resolved several members but was fooled by their virtually stellar appearance.
		Actually, one of Seyfert's Sextet is likely a tidally distorted plume of NGC 6027 and both components received the single Hickson entry 79b.
	www.angelfire.com /id/jsredshift/h79ch.htm (331 words)

	[No title]
		Stephan picked up the first two of the galaxies, but not the third, while Stone got all three and recognized that the first two were Stephan's.
		However, if Stephan's position is made exactly one minute of time larger, then it agrees with the GSC position to within 5 arcsec.
		Stephan apparently made a simple error in subtracting the RA offset of the galaxy from the comparison star as the position he lists for the star is correctly precessed from the BD.
	www.ngcic.org /corwin/DataFiles/Oct10_2005/ngcnotes_1.txt (19980 words)

	GRAPE results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It was discovered by Edouard Stephan in 1877, using the Foucault 80-cm reflector at the Marseille Observatory.
		Now, 120 years after the discovery of Stephan's Quintet, the subject of compact groups is again actively studied here.
		A simulation using our GRAPE system (6.0 Mb, mpeg format) concerns groups of galaxies and shows a quick merger of a number of smaller galaxies into a big one.
	www-obs.cnrs-mrs.fr /dynamique/pap/compact.html (549 words)

	Galactic Ballet Captured by Gemini
		Eventually, this dance will probably cause some of the galaxies in the cluster to completely lose their current identity, combining into fewer objects than we see today.
		Stephan's Quintet was discovered in 1877 by the French astronomer Edouard Stephan using the Foucault 80-centimetre reflector at the Marseilles Observatory.
		Recent observations of star cluster formation near Stephan's Quintet with Gemini.
	www.pparc.ac.uk /nw/gemini_quintet.asp (938 words)

	The Painter's Keys Art Directory Section E (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Rod Edwards is a painter of light and color and strives to capture the essence of nature as one feels it's presence.
		Edouard Efanov has lived all of his life in the Voronezh region, mostly in Ramon, a town 20 miles from Voronezh.
		The charm of his works lies in light airiness, in subtleness of color combinations, and something else-- a blending of classical Russian emotions and landscape painting-- that distinguishes his work from all others.
	www.painterskeys.com /linkse.asp (2273 words)

	1868 eclipse.html
		He now wrote to Edouard Stephan, Director of the Observatory of Marseilles to invite him to bring a team of scientists to view the eclipse in Siam.
		Edouard Stephan, to whom the invitation was written who led the team.
		He was to become famous later as in 1877 he discovered the interesting cluster of galaxies - although then only known as nebulae, which is called Stephan's Quintet after him.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /heather.hobden1/1868eclipse.htm (3380 words)

	Boletín Semanal de Sky & Telescope
		The enigmatic galaxy group known as Stephan's Quintet has intrigued astronomers ever since 1877, when French observer Edouard Stephan noted the unusually compact gathering in northwestern Pegasus.
		That gas, say the scientists, was compressed and heated to a temperature of 6 million degrees when NGC 7318B plowed into the rest of the group at 1,000 kilometers per second (2 million miles per hour) or more.
		William McLaughlin shows Stephan's Quintet glowing at RA 22h 36m, Dec. +34.0°, a half-degree south-southwest of 9th-magnitude NGC 7331 (Caldwell 30), which is only one-sixth as distant and can be seen through binoculars on a clear, moonless night.
	www.kosmos.com.mx /fnews/n0205.html (6924 words)

	Dark skies at Fiddletown! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Stephan's Quintet is one of the brightest groups in the catalogue, so the fainter members can be pretty nasty targets in a 17.5".
		NGC 2163 or Cederblad 62 is an interesting bipolar nebula with two symmetrical funnel-shaped jets extending north-south from the mag 11 central star.
		This object was originally discovered in 1878 by Edouard Stephan at the Marseille Observatory but in compiling the NGC, Dreyer miscopied the declination and the identification of NGC 2163 was lost by subsequent catalogues.
	observers.org /reports/99.01.09.html (849 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Stephan's Quintet - A Mammoth Cosmic Collision [heic0007]
		Stephan's Quintet - A Mammoth Cosmic Collision [heic0007]
		Stephan's Quintet - A Mammoth Cosmic Collision (composite)
		Stephan's Quintet - A Mammoth Cosmic Collision (Hubble view)
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=24980 (1115 words)

	HubbleSite - Astrofiles about "Star Clusters Born in the Wreckage of Cosmic Collisions" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The prototype of this category is Stephan's Quintet, a visual grouping of five galaxies that was discovered by the French astronomer Edouard Stephan in 1877.
		For example, the large spiral in the lower left of Stephan's Quintet is much closer than the other galaxies in the group.
		On the other hand, the three central galaxies in Stephan's Quintet show telltale features which indicate they are close together.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2001/22/astrofile (1043 words)

	ESA Portal - Life in Space - Stephan’s Quintet – a mammoth cosmic collision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		ESA Portal - Life in Space - Stephan’s Quintet – a mammoth cosmic collision
		The Spanish scientist Mariano Moles from Instituto de Matemáticas y Física Fundamental (CSIC) in Madrid has studied Stephan’s Quintet for many years: “It is a personal pleasure for me to see this magnificent image from Hubble.
		This image comes from the large archive of scientific observations performed with the Hubble Space Telescope.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/GGGRT3YTGEC_Life_0.html (1077 words)

	Universe Today - Gemini Sees Galaxies in a Royal Rumble
		Tue, 07 Sep 2004 - The latest image released by the Gemini Observatory shows a group of galaxies tearing each other apart 300 million light-years away.
		The galaxies are members of Stephan's Quintet, and their shapes are completely warped by gravitational interactions that have been going on for millions of years.
		A stunning image released today by the Gemini Observatory captures the graceful interactions of a galactic ballet, on a stage some 300 million light years away, that might better be described as a contortionist's dance.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/gemini_galaxies_royal_rumble.html?792004 (713 words)

	Steve Gottlieb; Sierra Buttes (7/31/05 - 8/4/05) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		NGC 5829, the brightest member in HCG 73, was discovered by Eduoard Stephan, director of the Marseilles Observatory and well-known as the discoverer of another Hickson compact group — Stephan's Quintet.
		Although Stephan was using a 31-inch silvered-glass reflector he missed HCG 73B = IC 4526 just 1.3' NW.
		Although Stephan recorded this ultra-compact group as only a single object, his description "eF, vF* inv, 2 vF st nr" implies to me that he probably resolved three members though he mistook two of the nearly stellar galaxies for stars.
	observers.org /reports/2005.07.31.html (2353 words)

	Universe Today - What's Up This Week - September 26 - October 2, 2005
		There will be plenty of galactic action as we study NGC 7331, hunt down Stephan's Quintet, and relax in the stellar swarm of M34.
		In 1877, French astronomer - Edouard Stephan was using the first telescope designed with a reflection coated mirror when he discovered something a bit more with the NGC 7331.
		This faint gathering of five is better known as "Stephan's Quintet" and its members are no further apart than our own Milky Way galaxy.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/whatsup_sep26_2005.html (1325 words)

	E/CN.17/1994/13 HIGH-LEVEL MEETING
		Topics to be considered would include the flexibility of ecologically sustainable food production in countries experiencing rapid population growth and linkages to migration, the need for food aid, and the ability of some countries to respect commitments made in the convention on biodiversity; trade and environment; and linkages between trade and food security.
		Panel meetings were held on 17 and 18 March, and the plenary session of the Board was held on 21 and 22 March.
		The panel on new approaches to finance and technology comprised Tommy Koh and Stephan Schmidheiny (Co-chairpersons), Saburo Kawai, Bola Kuforiji-Olubi, Adele Simmons, and Maurice Strong.
	www.un.org /esa/documents/ecosoc/cn17/1994/ecn171994-13.htm (10419 words)

	HubbleSite - Star Clusters Born Among the Interacting Galaxies of Stephan's Quintet - Image - 7/19/2001
		HubbleSite - Star Clusters Born Among the Interacting Galaxies of Stephan's Quintet - Image - 7/19/2001
		The clusters, each harboring up to millions of stars, were born from the violent interactions between some members of the group.
		The mosaic picture was taken by Hubble's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 on Dec. 30, 1998 and June 17, 1999.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2001/22/image/a (660 words)

	Press kit of the contest of Piano of Vulaines, newspapers - kiosk, daily newspaper
		A jury with the height of his ambitions: Emile Naoumoff (president), Gerard Parmentier, desired Kaoua and Edouard Exerjean.
		Composition of the jury: Gerard FrÃ©my (Saturday) (President) France Clidat, Edouard Exerjean, Stephan Blet and Gisele Magnan.
		The Republic of the Seine and Marne of the 28 01 2002
	www.concours-piano.com /anglais/press.html (909 words)

	NGC 7048 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This planetary nebula is rated at magnitude 12.1.
		NGC 7048 was discovered by Jean Marie Edouard Stephan in 1878 using a 31.5-inch reflector.
		This image was taken from Mt. Bigelow, Arizona, at an altitude of 8230 feet.
	members.cox.net /~k5xi/ngc7048.htm (303 words)

	[No title]
		Stephan's quintet is in fact a trio made up of NGC 7317, 7318A and 7319.” Although some of the activity in the group was already known from ground-based observations and from images taken with ESA's Infrared Space Observatory, the Hubble image has enabled scientists to study these regions in greater detail.
		Scientists have located huge bursts of star formation in the tails streaming away from the galaxies.
		Facts about the image This image comes from the large archive of scientific observations performed with the Hubble Space Telescope.
	www.spacetelescope.org /news/doc/heic0007.doc (2014 words)

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