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	Eduard Bernsteins revisjon av marxismen.
		Bernsteins poeng var at vitenskapelige sannheter ikke var evige og uforanderlige sannheter.
		For Bernstein var vitenskap først og fremst naturvitenskap.
		I 1928 trakk Bernstein seg tilbake fra politikken, og i 1932 døde han.
	www.europas-historie.net /eduardbernstein.htm (6601 words)

	Eduard Bernstein
		Bernstein denied the inevitability of "class conflict", the theory of increasing concentration of capital and sudden collapse of capitalism.
		Bernstein stressed the "idealist" side of the Hegelian dialectic which he felt Marx had abandoned too quickly.
		Bernstein's 1896-99 ideas were bitterly disputed by orthodox Marxians such as Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Kautsky and Vladimir Lenin.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/bernstein.htm (484 words)

	Eduard Bernstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eduard Bernstein (January 6, 1850 - December 18, 1932) was a German social democratic theoretician and politician, member of the SPD, and founder of evolutionary socialism or reformism.
		Bernstein was born in Berlin on January 6, 1850.
		Bernstein died on December 18, 1932 in Berlin; a commemorative plaque is placed in his memory at Bozener Straße 18, Berlin-Schöneberg, where he lived from 1918 to his death.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eduard_Bernstein (701 words)

	Bernstein
		Eduard Bernstein was a German Social Democratic leader and writer born in Berlin in 1850.
		Bernstein also pointed out that those who owned property, which he associated with the middle class, were growing in number as shown by the increase in shareholders in joint-stock companies.
		Bernstein refuted the supposed disappearance of the middle class by demonstrating that it was in fact growing through white-collar job creation, share-holdings, and more dispersed land ownership.
	econc10.bu.edu /economic_systems/Theory/Marxism/German_sd/bernstein.htm (1083 words)

	Eduard Bernstein Summary
		Eduard Bernstein, born in Berlin, Germany, on January 6, 1850, was one of the first socialists to attempt a revision of the tenets of Karl Marx.
		Eduard Bernstein (January 6 1850 - December 18 1932) was a German social democratic theoretician and politician, member of the SPD, and founder of evolutionary socialism or reformism.
		Bernstein died on December 18 1932 in Berlin; a commemorative plaque is placed in his memory at Bozener Straße 18, Berlin-Schöneberg, where he lived from 1918 to his death.
	www.bookrags.com /Eduard_Bernstein (1851 words)

	Book Review: The Quest of Evolutionary Socialism
		Eduard Bernstein was a German Jew devoted to the labor movement and to Marxism.
		Bernstein was keeping abreast of ideas being tossed around by socialists of various stripes while carrying on a defense of the views of Marx and Engels.
		She called Bernstein an "opportunistic philistine" and accused him of ignoring, in Steger's words, "the dialectical processes of historical becoming." She wished to purge his "bourgeois revisionism" from the German Socialist Party (SPD) to which she and Bernstein belonged.
	www.fsmitha.com /review/r-steger.htm (372 words)

	Heaven on Earth . The Film: Manfred Steger Interview \| PBS
		Eduard Bernstein was the first leading socialist who openly recognized that Marxist theory was no longer in sync with Marxist practice, particularly the practice of the German Social Democratic Party.
		Eduard Bernstein was one of the few socialists at the time who joined a Social Democratic Party very early on and had a lot of practical experience.
		Eduard Bernstein once was asked what definition of socialism he had to offer and he said that when he was teaching in the Socialist Party School, he asked that question to four workers.
	www.pbs.org /heavenonearth/interviews_steger.html (4913 words)

	Reform and Revolution in the Epoch of Imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Bernstein did not base his argument simply on the claim that one or another element of Marxism had been refuted—though he certainly did believe that contemporary developments had shown Marx and Engels to be wrong in many of their judgments.
		Bernstein sincerely believed himself to be a man of science, and his chief reproach against Marx was that his Hegelian methodology and revolutionary aims made it impossible for him to adopt an objective approach to the "facts" of socio-economic life.
		Bernstein was laboring under the common illusion of the empiricist: that "facts" are the elementary, "pure," "value-free" and intellectually uncontaminated particles of absolutely objective data that constitute the organic structure of truth.
	www.wsws.org /history/1998/jan1998/reform.shtml (8703 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the "steadfast phalanx" of middle-size enterprises, Bernstein sees a sign that the development of large industry does not move in a revolutionary direction, and is not as effective from the angle of the concentration of industry as was expected by the "theory" of collapse.
		Bernstein’s theory does not seize these manifestations of contemporary economic life as they appear in their organic relationship with the whole of capitalist development, with the complete economic mechanism of capitalism.
		Bernstein’s recognition of this theoretic dualism in Marx as "a survival of utopianism" is really his naïve avowal that he denies the class antagonisms in capitalism.
	www.rosaluxemburgstiftung.de /engl/articles/luxemburg/Reform.htm (15330 words)

	Biographie: Eduard Bernstein, 1850-1932
		Januar: Eduard Bernstein wird in Berlin als Sohn des jüdischen Lokomotivführers Jakob Bernstein und dessen Frau Johanna (geb.
		Er knüpft Kontakt zu Friedrich Engels und verwaltet nach dessen Tod den literarischen Nachlaß.
		In seinem Werk "Die Voraussetzungen des Sozialismus und die Aufgaben der Sozialdemokratie" begründet Bernstein den Revisionismus.
	www.dhm.de /lemo/html/biografien/BernsteinEduard (254 words)

	[No title]
		Bernstein also has faith in the masses, believing that not only do they want to better their own lives, but also for the most part, they will be the ones to do it.
		Bernstein believed that a society born in blood was unlikely to be as peaceful as one obtained through democracy.
		Bernstein believed that the class needed to be diverse and consist of people from different classes, including that of the working class.
	pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca /~doana/POLI.doc (1599 words)

	Eduard Bernstein
		[[Image Link]] Eduard Bernstein (January 6 1850 - December 18 1932) was a German social democratic theoretician and politician, member of the SPD; and founder of evolutionary socialism or reformism.
		Bernstein was born in Berlin on January 6 1850; his political career began in 1872, when he became a member of the Eisenachers (named after the German town Eisenach) and the SDAP (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, "Social Democratic Worker's Party").
		Between 1880 and 1890, Bernstein published the magazine "Sozialdemokrat" ("Social Democrat"); in 1891, he was one of the authors of the Erfurter Programm, and from 1896 to 1898, he released a series of articles entitled "Probleme des Sozialismus" ("Problems of Socialism") that led to the revisionism debate in the SPD.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/eduard_bernstein (652 words)

	The Second International and the Collapse of German Social Democracy
		Eduard Bernstein substantively made the case that the Marxists were misguided in their commitment to revolution.
		Bernstein saw promise in the Fabian approach which de-emphasized the importance of worker revolution in seeking social change.
		She derided the achievements hailed by Bernstein and the Fabians, as scraps from the bourgeois table, and supported nothing short of a mass general strike that would paralyze capitalism.
	crummmountain.tripod.com /id73.htm (2873 words)

	Eduard Bernstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		His political career began in 1872, when he became a member of the (named after the German town Eisenach) and the SDAP (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, "Social Democratic Worker's Party").
		From 1878 on, Bernstein was the private secretary of social democratic patron, working in Zürich; 1888, he was expelled from Switzerland due to pressure from Prussia and moved to London, where he had close contacts to Friedrich Engels.
		Between 1880 and 1890, Bernstein published the magazine "Sozialdemokrat" ("Social Democrat"); in 1891, he was one of the authors of the, and from 1896 to 1898, he released a series of articles entitled "Probleme des Sozialismus" ("Problems of Socialism") that led to the revisionism debate in the SPD.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Eduard_Bernstein (738 words)

	The Militant - November 17, 2003 -- Rosa Luxemburg on reform or revolution
		Bernstein was a close friend of the entire leadership of the party—August Bebel, Karl Kautsky, Wilhelm Liebknecht, Ignaz Auer, and others.
		Although he denied it vociferously, Bernstein’s writings were the first attempt to provide a systematic theoretical justification for those currents within the SPD which had in practice rejected revolutionary Marxism, the program on which the party stood.
		However, Bernstein, Volimar and the other proponents of revisionism remained securely within the SPD; and the extent to which the defeat of revisionism remained a hollow victory, even at that early date, was indicated by the fact that Bernstein, who had not altered his views, himself voted for the resolutions condemning revisionism.
	www.themilitant.com /2003/6740/674049.html (953 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In 1872 Eduard Bernstein joined the Social-Democratic Party and became involved in editing “Die Zukunft”.
		Bernstein presented his views in a series of articles and letters at a congress of the Social-Democratic Party in Stuttgart in 1898.
		Bernstein was one of the first to attempt to reform Marx’s views that the collapse of the capitalist economic system was inevitable and that the proletariat must assume power.
	www.kul.lublin.pl /efk/angielski/hasla/b/bernstein.html (481 words)

	Eduard Bernstein
		Eduard Bernstein was born in Berlin, Germany on 6th January, 1850.
		Bernstein worked as a bank clerk and in 1872 he joined the Social Democrat Party (SDP).
		Eduard Bernstein died in Berlin on 18th December, 1932.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /GERbernstein.htm (1317 words)

	Dissent Magazine - Winter 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Eley's curious treatment of Eduard Bernstein and his fellow "revisionists" is a case in point.
		Yet it was indisputably the moderates like Bernstein, and not their radical or orthodox Marxist opponents, who were the true champions of democracy on the left in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
		The ability of orthodox Marxists and other radicals to prevail over Bernstein and other revisionists meant that although socialist parties did indeed fight strenuously for democracy in the years before 1914, many decisions that might have helped them speed up the process of political change were not taken.
	www.dissentmagazine.org /menutest/articles/wi03/berman.htm (1969 words)

	Marx and Anarchism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Eduard Bernstein, one of the most prominent members of the Marxist community, astonished his colleagues with some noteworthy discoveries.
		Bernstein made public his misgivings about the accuracy of the materialist interpretation of history, and of the Marxist theory of surplus value and the concentration of capital.
		No sensible person would deny that Bernstein's criticism failed to make an unforgettable impression in the marxist camp: Bernstein had struck at the most important foundations of the metaphysical economics of Karl Marx, and it is not surprising that the most respectable representatives of orthodox marxism became agitated.
	flag.blackened.net /rocker/marx.htm (5077 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Shevardnadze Eduard A
		Shevardnadze, Eduard A. Shevardnadze, Eduard A., born in 1928, president of Georgia from 1995 to 2003.
		Economic ills and charges of government corruption caught up with Shevardnadze in November 2003 when he was forced to resign.
		Buchner, Eduard (1860-1917), German chemist and Nobel laureate, born in Munich, and educated at the University of Munich.
	encarta.msn.com /Shevardnadze_Eduard_A.html (148 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Bernstein: The Preconditions of Socialism (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		First published in 1899, at the height of the Revisionist Debate, it argued that capitalism was not heading for the major crisis predicted by Marx, and that socialism could be achieved by piece-meal reform within a democratic constitutional framework.
		Bernstein's work is the focal point of one of the most important political debates of modern times, and crucial for the light it casts on 'the crisis of Communism'.
		The introduction sites Bernstein's work in its historical and intellectual context, and this edition also provides students with all the necessary reference material for understanding this important text.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0521398088 (363 words)

	Should we try to fix the system?
		Bernstein’s writings were published in the book Evolutionary Socialism; Luxemburg’s in the pamphlet Reform or Revolution.
		Bernstein argued that it was possible for the present system to be transformed into socialism through things like pro-worker laws or pressure from trade unions.
		In Bernstein’s view, the SPD needed to abandon the idea that capitalism had to be overthrown in order to win socialism.
	www.socialistworker.org /2004-1/484/484_07_FixSystem.shtml (733 words)

	Marxism Glossary - B
		The workers' movement therefore had to abandon the policy of class struggle for one of class collaboration with the "progressive" bourgeoisie.
		Bernstein's work Evolutionary Socialism was attacked by every noted Marxist of the period.
		He unified Germany under Prussia and the Hohenzollerns, and was a vehement enemy of the labor movement.
	www.newyouth.com /archives/theory/glossary/b.asp (694 words)

	Lecture two: Marxism versus revisionism on the eve of the twentieth century Part 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Though, Bernstein argued, these successes did not mean that socialism was on the verge of total victory, it had certainly become necessary to abandon the largely negative attitude taken by the socialist movement toward existing reality.
		While acknowledging the possibility of periodic crises, Bernstein insisted that capitalism had developed, and would continue to develop, “means of adaptation”—such as the use of credit—through which such crises could be either indefinitely postponed or ameliorated.
		Bernstein’s efforts to establish an ethical basis for socialism were not original.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2005/sep2005/le23-s05_prn.shtml (1889 words)

	Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Political Science: Political Philosophy: Political Philosophers: Bernstein, Eduard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Contains websites related to Eduard Bernstein, German Marxist revisionist whose Evolutionary Socialism was a seminal work in the creation of modern social democracy.
		Evolutionary Socialism · cached · Excerpts from Eduard Bernstein's revisions of Marxism which established modern social democracy.
		Eduard Bernstein · cached · Profile of the German Marxist from the Center for Economic Policy Analysis.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=355627 (83 words)

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