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	Adventures in CyberSound: Appleton, Edward Victor
		Appleton served as a professor (1924-36) of physics at King's College, University of London, taught (1936-39) at Cambridge University, and, while serving (1939-49) in the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, aided in the development of radar and the atomic bomb.
		Edward Victor Appleton was born in Bradford, England, on 6th September, 1892, the son of Peter and Mary Appleton.
		Edward Appleton's scientific achievements were honoured by his election to the Royal Society (1927), a knighthood (1941) and the Nobel Prize in Physics (1947) 'for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere, especially the discovery of the Appleton layer.'
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/APPLETON_BIO.html (1668 words)

	Edward Victor Appleton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sir Edward Victor Appleton (September 6, 1892 – April 21, 1965) was an English physicist.
		In his work, Appleton had observed that the strength of the radio signal from a transmitter a on a frequency such as the medium wave band and over a path of a hundred miles or so was constant during the day but that it varied during the night.
		Sir Edward Appleton A summary of the life and work of Sir Edward Appleton and his contribution to radio science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton (436 words)

	Radio-Electronics.Com :: Sir Edward Victor Appleton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sir Edward Victor Appleton was one of the key figures of the twentieth century who contributed to the knowledge of radio and the ionosphere and hence improved our knowledge of the way in which radio waves propagate in the HF portion of the spectrum.
		Edward Appleton received a Nobel prize in 1947 for his work, the technique for which laid the foundations for the development of radar.
		Additionally Appleton had observed that the strength of the radio signal from a transmitter a on a frequency such as the medium wave band and over a path of a hundred miles or so was constant during the day but varied during the night, rising and falling in a regular manner.
	www.radio-electronics.com /info/radio_history/gtnames/appleton.php (1700 words)

	Features
		Appleton proved the existence of the reflective layer by using the BBC transmitter at Bournemouth in a similar experiment using a signal in which the frequency was varied in a controlled way.
		By measuring the interference between the direct and reflected signals at Oxford during an experiment on the night of December 12 th 1924, Appleton and Barnett were able to determine that the height of the reflecting layer was at an altitude of 100km and ionospheric science was born.
		Appleton was knighted in 1941 for his contributions to British military research and received the 1947 Nobel prize for physics for his 'Investigations into the upper layer of the atmosphere'.
	www.sstd.rl.ac.uk /Features/Appleton.htm (647 words)

	BBC - History - Sir Edward Appleton (1892 - 1965)
		Edward Victor Appleton was born on 6 September 1892 in Bradford.
		Appleton realised that this was the layer responsible for reflecting short wave radio round the world - 'the Appleton layer' - that now enables communication with Australia and America.
		In 1947 Appleton was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics and, two years later, moved to the University of Edinburgh to become principal and vice-chancellor, a position he held for the rest of his life.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/appleton_edward.shtml (397 words)

	PSEWEB: Professor Peter Excell - Sir Edward Appleton Trust
		Sir Edward Appleton, Nobel prizewinner, and widely recognized as the discoverer of the Ionosphere, was born in 1892 in the city of Bradford.
		Appleton’s research with Bragg was destined to be very brief as both men volunteered for the armed forces at the outbreak of World War I. Appleton applied for a commission in the Royal Engineers but was frustrated by the long wait involved and hence joined an infantry battalion (the Sixth West Yorkshire) in August 1914.
		Appleton devised an elegantly simple experiment to prove the existence of the layer, and to determine its height, by monitoring variations in signal strength as the frequency of a commercial transmitter was varied.
	www.inf.brad.ac.uk /~psexcell/personal/appleton.htm (4715 words)

	IEC - Techline > Edward Appleton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Commonwealth researchers working with Appleton in Britain all became leaders in the development of radiolocation in their home countries and Sir Robert Watson-Watt has stated that, but for Appleton's scientific work, radar would have come too late to have been of decisive use in the Battle of Britain.
		Appleton was knighted in 1941, being created K.C.B., and he was a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the War Cabinet which, in 1941, advised the Government that the manufacture of an atomic bomb was feasible.
		Appleton's work has similarly been recognized in India and Denmark, and in 1948 he was appointed by the Pope to the Pontificial Academy of Science.
	www.iec.ch /cgi-bin/tl_to_htm.pl?section=technology&item=93 (689 words)

	IEEE - Edward V. Appleton, 1892 - 1965
		Edward V. Appleton, was born on 6 September 1892, in Bradford.
		With the cooperation of the BBC, he applied FM to the Bournemouth transmitter and observed a beat between the signal reflected from what he later called the E layer and the outgoing signal, thus proving conclusively the existence of the ionosphere, as well as measuring its height.
		Appleton was the recipient of numerous awards, including the Nobel Prize for Physics, the U. Medal of Merit, the Norwegian Cross of Freedom, and appointment to the French Legion of Honor and to the Pontifical Academy of Science.
	www.ieee.org /web/aboutus/history_center/biography/appleton.html (467 words)

	Appleton, Edward Victor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		He proved the existence of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (now called the E layer) in the atmosphere, and the Appleton layer beyond it, and was involved in the initial work on the atom bomb.
		Appleton was born in Yorkshire and educated at Cambridge.
		By periodically varying the frequency of the BBC transmitter at Bournemouth and measuring the intensity of the received transmission 100 km/62 mi away, Appleton found that there was a regular fading in and fading out of the signals at night but that this effect diminished considerably at dawn as the Kennelly-Heaviside layer broke up.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/A/Appleton/1.html (193 words)

	Welcome - Sir Edward Appleton
		Sir Edward Victor Appleton won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1947 for his discovery of a layer in the ionosphere which is a dependable reflector of radio waves and which assists in radio communications.
		Sir Edward gained an international reputation for his work on the propagation of electromagnetic waves and the characteristics of the ionosphere.
		Sir Edward was born in Bradford, England, educated at Cambridge University and held chairs at King's College, London and Cambridge.
	www.te.rl.ac.uk /graduate/recruit/The_CCLRC/History/Sir_Edward_Appleton/index.html (208 words)

	Edward Victor Appleton -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		After returning from active service in (A war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918) World War I, he became assistant demonstrator in experimental physics at the Cavendish Laboratory in 1920.
		This lead to him to believe that it was possible that two radio signals were being received.
		A summary of the life and work of Sir Edward Appleton and his contribution to radio science.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ed/edward_victor_appleton.htm (409 words)

	King's College London 175th Anniversary - The Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sir Edward Appleton was Wheatstone Professor of Physics at King's from 1924 to 1936.
		His experiments in the 1920s established the existence of the layer in the upper atmosphere now known as the ionosphere, by using a transmitter to shoot radio waves 60 miles up to the layer and measuring the time taken for them to be reflected back from it.
		Appleton was based at the Strand Campus, and in 1929 a small hut was built for him on the roof, where he worked in every kind of weather until the development of radio caused serious interference to reception in central London.
	www.kcl.ac.uk /175/story/biog9187.html (267 words)

	Edward Victor Appleton, Sir Biography / Biography of Edward Victor Appleton, Sir Biography
		The British scientist Sir Edward Victor Appleton (1892-1965) was a pioneer in radio physics who gained fame through his study of the ionosphere--the upper reaches of the atmosphere.
		Edward Victor Appleton was born on September 6, 1892, in Bradford, Yorkshire, England.
		Appleton enlisted in the Royal Engineers and was assigned to signal duty as a commissioned officer.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-edward-victor-appleton-sir (252 words)

	Rutherford Appleton Laboratory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) at the Chilton/Harwell Science Campus is a UK scientific research laboratory near Didcot in Oxfordshire.
		It is named after the physicists Ernest Rutherford and Edward Appleton.
		The Rutherford High Energy Laboratory was set up on the former RAF Harwell airfield between Chilton and Harwell in 1957, and merged with the Atlas and Appleton Laboratories in 1975 and 1979, respectively, to form the current laboratory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rutherford_Appleton_Laboratory (220 words)

	Rudd Hall
		The adjacent property, shown as "East Appleton" was occupied by Edward Ellerton, his family, and three servants.
		Appleton Farm", Edward Ellerton (66, farmer, co-partner of 240 acres, employing 6 labourers) his wife Mary, grand-daughter Eleanor Elizabeth, and four servants.
		At the 1861 Census Edward (1784-1870) was again shown as a "Farmer of 240 acres, employing 1 labourer" at East Appleton, along with his son Edward (1813-1865) who was described as a "Farmer - joint tenant".
	freespace.virgin.net /bob.ellerton/RuddHall.htm (665 words)

	Sir Edward Victor Appleton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		British winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1947 for his discovery of the so-called Appleton layer of the ionosphere, which is a dependable reflector of radio waves and as such is useful in communication.
		Educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, Appleton worked at the Cavendish Laboratory from 1920 until he was appointed Wheatstone professor of physics at King's College, University of London, in 1924.
		In 1936 Appleton returned to Cambridge as Jacksonian professor of natural philosophy and in 1939 became secretary of the government's Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, where he worked on radar and the atomic bomb during World War II.
	physics.nobel.brainparad.com /edward_appleton.html (242 words)

	AIP International Catalog of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		From 1924 to 1936 Appleton was Wheatstone Professor of Physics at King's College, London, directing research teams and, in 1932, heading an expedition to Tromsö in northern Norway as part of the program of observations scheduled for the Second International Polar Year.
		Lady Appleton retained copies of Appleton's speeches and writings to be left to Edinburgh University Library on her death.
		The Institution of Electrical Engineers, London houses a film in which Appleton describes his ionospheric research, made for the Institution by British Movietone Ltd in 1962, and a typescript text of the film.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/469.html (539 words)

	Sir Edward Victor Appleton Winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physics
		On Edward V. Appleton from BBC History (submitted by Shuber)
		Appleton, Sir Edward Victor on Encyclopedia.com (submitted by Rouse)
		his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer.
	www.almaz.com /nobel/physics/1947a.html (148 words)

	Sir Edward Victor Appleton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, Appleton worked at the Cavendish Laboratory from 1920 until he was appointed Wheatstone professor of physics at King's College, University of London, in 1924.
		He showed that radio waves of wavelength sufficiently short to penetrate the lower region of the ionosphere are reflected by an upper region (now known as the Appleton layer, or F2 layer).
		In 1936 Appleton returned to Cambridge as Jacksonian professor of natural philosophy and in 1939 became secretary of the government's Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, where he worked on radar and the atomic bomb during World War II.
	www.nobel-winners.com /Physics/edward_appleton.html (242 words)

	Sir Edward Victor Appleton -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		British winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1947 for his discovery of the so-called Appleton layer of the ionosphere, which is a dependable reflector of radio waves and as such is useful in communication.
		Known for the vast range and immense quantity of his output, Hugo was able during much of his long life to write as many as 100 lines of verse...
		Edward Davenport was considered one of the most skilled and popular American actors of the mid-19th century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9008079?tocId=9008079 (700 words)

	September 1999 - Dr Woodman Receives Appleton Prize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Professor A. David Olver, President of the UK Panel for URSI, presented the Appleton Prize as follows: The Appleton Prize is awarded to a distinguished scientist in the field of the Ionospheric Physics by the Council of the Royal Society on the recommendation of the Board of Officers of URSI.
		Sir Edward first demonstrated in 1924 the existence of the ionosphere by measuring the time of arrival of radio waves reflected by the layers of the ionosphere.
		The lesson to be learned by Peru from my experience and my receiving the Appleton prize is that if it wants to develop (and this may hold true, as well, for other developing countries), it should improve its almost non-existent post-graduate education and research laboratories and programs.
	jro.igp.gob.pe /english/news/appleton_prize.htm (1378 words)

	Bibliography
		Edward de Vere and the war of words.
		Elizabethan mystery man; a digest of evidence connecting Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, with the literary activities of "Mr.
		Edward de Vere, 1550-1604, 17th Earl of Oxford; aspects of the truth.
	www.shakespeare-oxford.com /bibliog3.htm (1040 words)

	Sir Edward Victor Appleton Winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physics
		Sir Edward Victor Appleton, FRS (1892-1965) (submitted by fmipa unpatti)
		On Edward V. Appleton from BBC History (submitted by Shuber)
		Appleton, Sir Edward Victor on Encyclopedia.com (submitted by Rouse)
	almaz.com /nobel/physics/1947a.html (139 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Appleton, Edward Victor (1892-1965)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		English physicist famous for his discovery of the Appleton layer of the ionosphere which reflects radio waves and is therefore important in communications.
		He received many honours for his work, including a knighthood in 1941 and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1947.
		Appleton was born on 6 September 1892 in Bradford, Yorkshire.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:99915680&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (204 words)

	Family of Edward APPLETON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		APPLETON (THOMAS, EDWARD) was born in 1831 and christened on 15 Jan 1832 in Whitstable, Kent, ENGLAND, and died after 1891.
		He was a licensed victualler as a young man and an oyster dredger, like many in his family, in his later years.
		Note: There is no known connection at this time between this family and the website author’s family.
	users.ap.net /~lancelot/gen/f225.html (82 words)

	Appleton
		Appleton had the nation's first hydroelectric plant (1882) and the state's first electric streetcar (1886).
		Sir Edward Victor Appleton - Appleton, Sir Edward Victor, 1892–1965, English physicist, grad.
		Nathan APPLETON - APPLETON, Nathan (1779—1861) APPLETON, Nathan, (cousin of William Appleton), a Representative...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/us/A0804417.html (190 words)

	Obituaries
		She was preceded in death by her parents: Tom and Colletta Dorsey, Route 3, Appleton; three brothers: Bud, Clifford and James; three sisters: Florence, Imelda and Margaret.
		She was born on November 30th, 1913 in the town of Oneida, the daughter of the late Joseph and Mary (Romenesko) Conrad and had resided in the Freedom and Appleton areas all of her life.
		He was born December 1, 1923 in Appleton, the son of the late Thomas and Coletta (Golden) Dorsey.
	www.1familytree.com /Obits/obituaries.htm (15989 words)

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