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Topic: Edward Balliol

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	History of the Monarchy > The Plantagenets > Edward I
		Edward's parents were renowned for their patronage of the arts (his mother, Eleanor of Provence, encouraged Henry III to spend money on the arts, which included the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey and a still-extant magnificent shrine to house the body of Edward the Confessor).
		Edward used his royal authority to establish the rights of the Crown at the expense of traditional feudal privileges, to promote the uniform administration of justice, to raise income to meet the costs of war and government, and to codify the legal system.
		For Edward, this dynastic blow was made worse by the death in the same year of his much-loved wife Eleanor (her body was ceremonially carried from Lincoln to Westminster for burial, and a memorial cross erected at every one of the twelve resting places, including what became known as Charing Cross in London).
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page61.asp (2469 words)

	Siege of Berwick & the Battle of Halidon Hill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward Balliol led where Edward III intended to follow, and in March 1333 the deposed puppet-monarch, Balliol, returned to Scotland with an English army and laid seige to the important town of Berwick-upon-the-Tweed, which by 1333 was the only major fortification left in south-east Scotland.
		Edward Balliol was being assisted in his seige by the capable John Crabb, who had blueprints of the constuction of Berwicks' fortresses and used his knowledge to assist Balliol and Edward III in the seige.
		Edward formed his knights and men-at-arms into three divisions, or "battles", drawn up in a line with each battle flanked by a contingent of archers; the right was commanded by Thomas, earl of Norfolk, the king led the centre and Balliol took the left.
	members.aol.com /skyelander/halidon.html (2629 words)

	[No title]
		Edward remained under the control of Isabella and Mortimer, though there was some saving grace in that the head of the regency council was Henry of Lancaster, a cousin of Edward's father and a more moderate man than most.
		Balliol was restored and a year later, in June 1334, gave to the English crown almost all of the border country between the Forth and the Tweed, which was immediately governed as part of England.
		Edward was prepared to sack and destroy the city but his queen, Philippa, who had accompanied him on the campaign, pleaded for their lives.
	www.historyincoins.com /ed3.htm (2295 words)

	John of Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was survived by his son Edward Balliol.
		His claim was based upon being a great-great-great-grandson of David I, the legitimate heir by primogeniture (his grandmother Margaret was the elder sister of his rival Bruce's mother Isabel).
		However John's claim to the Scottish throne was revived by his son Edward Balliol, who claimed it, received support from the English, and had some temporary successes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_I_of_Scotland (491 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Bruces > Edward Balliol
		The elder son of John Balliol, King of Scots, Edward was imprisoned with his father in England and later shared his exile in France.
		In 1324, Edward II decided to bring him back as a rival to Robert I. In return for the English king's support, Balliol ceded to him a large part of southern Scotland.
		During the minority of David II, Balliol invaded Scotland with English assistance, routed the Scots at the Battle of Dupplin in Perthshire on 12 August 1332, and was made King of Scots at Scone on 24 September.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page124.asp (204 words)

	Edward Balliol biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward de Baliol) the eldest son of John Balliol, was intermittently king of Scotland from 1332-1336.
		Balliol, backed by Edward III of England, defeated the Regent, the Earl of Mar, at the Battle of Dupplin Moor in Perthshire.
		Balliol then ceded the whole of the district formerly known as Lothian to Edward and paid homage to him as liege lord.
	edward-balliol.biography.ms (219 words)

	Bannockburn - the Struggle for the Crown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward came in the summer of 1291 and at Norham on Tweed his arrogant assertions that he was the Paramount Lord of Scotland angered the Scots who had come to hear his judgement.
		In July of 1296 Balliol wrote a craven letter to Edward begging forgiveness and when he submitted to the Bishop of Durham at Brechin castle, the heraldic arms of Scotland were humiliatingly torn from his tunic leaving him only with the contempuous nickname of 'Toom Tabard', the empty coat.
		Edward Bruce was in charge of the siege of Stirling and the sedentary nature of his task was of little attraction to his warrior tastes.
	www.geocities.com /Broadway/Alley/5443/bann2.htm (2703 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Edward came to the throne after a period of defeat and disgrace for the monarchy.
		Edward III learned then that if he wanted to get what he wanted, he would have to stay on good terms with the political classes, and especially with their representatives in meetings of parliament.
		Because Edward said he was king of France, the Flemings (who disliked the French court anyway) were able to join Edward and say that they had not broken earlier oaths to Philip, but merely recognized that his rule was illegitimate.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/muhlberger/edwardiii.html (2322 words)

	Ancestors and Family of John de Balliol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The English king Edward I met the Scottish baronage at Norham in Northumberland and insisted that as adjudicator between the claimants he should be recognized as overlord of Scotland.
		Edward I confirmed the decision on Nov. 17, 1292, and Balliol was enthroned at Scone on November 30, doing homage to Edward at Newcastle on December 26.
		John, however, soon proved rebellious; and when in June 1294 Edward demanded military aid from Scotland for his projected war in Gascony, the Scottish reaction was to conclude a treaty of mutual aid with the French.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/81.htm (347 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Edward I, whose effective reign began with the fall of Simon de Montfort, was close to being the ideal medieval king.
		Edward was strong enough to reclaim many powers that had been lost to the crown for decades or centuries, and limit many liberties that he could not abolish.
		Edward is typical of the strong monarchs of his time, who had both the power and the ideology to make possible a more absolute style of monarchy.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/muhlberger/early_edi.html (2343 words)

	Sir William Wallace
		John de Balliol was the grandson of David's eldest daughter; Robert de Bruce was the son of David's second daughter, and John de Hastings was the grandson of David's youngest daughter.
		Edward demanded the surrender of three castles on the Scottish border and, on John's refusal, summoned him to his court.
		Edward's refusal to acknowledge Wallace as a worthy enemy from a separate country meant that the English could officially regard Wallace as a traitor to the English nation.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/wallace.htm (2620 words)

	Encyclopedia: Edward Balliol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward de Baliol), was intermittently King of Scotland from 1332-1336.
		Edward III (13 November 1312 â€“ 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times.
		Events January 20 - Edward Balliol surrenders title as King of Scotland to Edward III of England April 16 â€” the King of the Serbian Kingdom of RaÅ¡ka Stefan DuÅ¡an is proclaimed Tsar (Emperor) of all Serbs, Arbanasses and Greeks in Skopje by the Serbian Orthodox Christian Patriarch of a...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Edward-Balliol (1063 words)

	Famous Scots - King Robert II (Stewart) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward III of England saw this as an opportunity, and secretly urged Edward Balliol, son of the late King John Balliol, to reassert his claim to the Scottish throne.
		Edward Balliol crowned himself King of Scotland but never was taken seriously by the Scots and was very soon driven from the land, "half-naked", so they say.
		The combination of the continued resistance by Robert Stewart and the other lairds of Scotland against Edward Balliol and the fact that Edward III of England was now looking ambitiously at the throne of France combined to create a situation favorable to the Scots.
	www.tartans.com /articles/famscots/stewartrobertII.html (1385 words)

	World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward I (1239-1307) came to the English throne in 1272, succeeding his father Henry III.
		Edward was a vigorous law reformer, introducing compulsory trial by jury for criminal cases and limiting the power of courts run by the Church.
		In 1307 Edward I died marching north to crush Robert of Scotland, and his son Edward II became king.
	www.softlab.ntua.gr /~sivann/pub/quick-world-history/02edward1.html (212 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The nobles of Scotland chose Edward I of England to arbitrate among the claimants, known as 'competitors'.
		In 1327, Edward II of England was deposed and killed.
		The invasion of the North of England by Robert the Bruce forced Edward III of England to sign the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton on May 1 in 1328, which recognised the independence of Scotland with Bruce as king.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Wars_of_Scottish_Independence (427 words)

	Scott Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward removed the Stone of Destiny, on which the Scottish kings were crowned, and took it to England where, until recently, it was kept under the throne in Westminster Abbey.
		Robert the Bruce, a cousin of John Balliol, and son of a claimant to the throne in 1290, instigated another revolt in 1306 and ultimately defeated the army of Edward II at Bannockburn, freeing Scotland from English rule.
		Edward I's campaigns in Scotland were ruthless and had aroused in the Scots a hatred of England that would endure for generations.
	users.iafrica.com /s/sc/scottwwl/History1.html (1518 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Scotland: Great Scots of Note
		Edward inherited his father's claim to the Scottish throne and was supported by that other Edward, the King of England against the interests of the Scottish nationalist party led by King David II.
		Balliol invaded Scotland to try to gain the crown in 1332 with a group of English nobles whose lands had been confiscated by David's father, Robert l the Bruce.
		His acknowledgment of Edward III as suzerain over Scotland forced the hand of the nationalists who formed a coalition to defeat Balliol at Annan, but were themselves defeated at the Battle of Halidon Hill and their leader Douglas killed by the armies of the English king.
	www.britannia.com /celtic/scotland/greatscots/b1.html (2931 words)

	[No title]
		Edward III arrived before Berwick after Easter, and on 19 July 1333, at the Battle of Halidon Hill, the Scottish army raised to relieve the siege was decisively defeated.
		Indeed, one of Edward's objectives in the invasion of Normandy was to draw John north, raising the siege at Aiguillon and rescuing Lancaster.
		Edward had foreseen the possibility of renewed hostilities in the North as a result of his French expedition, and he had therefore refrained from mustering the levies in the counties north of the Trent.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /camelot/teams/minotnts.htm (9865 words)

	wars of independance edward norway balliol
		Edward I of England, was determined to unite Scotland and England.
		Edward came north in 1291 and awarded the crown to John Balliol in Berwick Castle, thinking he could be more easily manipulated than Robert Bruce.
		Edward was supported by many of the Scottish nobles who owned estates in England, including Robert Bruce and he defeated Balliol who was forced to renounce his crown.
	www.goscotland.info /sections?Section_Id=4&Page_Id=18 (281 words)

	The Wars of Scottish Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Balliol was deposed and Scotland was occupied by England.
		This time, the Scots were more successful and Robert the Bruce comprehensively defeated Edward II of England at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.
		The invasion of the North of England by Robert the Bruce forced Edward III of England to sign the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton on May 1 in 1328, which recognized the independence of Scotland with Bruce as king.
	home.comcast.net /~desilva22/scottish_independence.htm (377 words)

	Scotland and the Normans
		However, Edward's plan failed when in 1290 the Maid of Norway died while on the way to meet her proposed husband.
		Edward ordered that the dead were not be buried but had to be left lying in the streets as a warning to
		Although Edward III won an important victory over King David II (Robert Bruce's son) at Haildon Hill in 1333, the continued use of guerrilla tactics made it impossible for the English army to subdue the Scots.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /NORscotland.htm (1076 words)

	World History
		In 1327, Parliament declared Edward II deposed, and his son became Edward III.
		In 1333, Edward III invaded Scotland on Edward Balliol's behalf and defeated the Scots.
		When Philip declared that Edward's French lands were confiscated, in 1337, war broke out and Edward III declared himself king of France.
	www.softlab.ntua.gr /~sivann/pub/quick-world-history/02edward3.html (1020 words)

	Edward - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward Youde (the Governor General of Hong Kong)
		Edward R. Murrow and the Birth of Broadcast Journalism (Turning Points in History)
		Set in Manchester County, Virginia, 20 years before the Civil War began, Edward P. Jones's debut novel, The Known World, is a masterpiece of overlapping plot lines, time shifts, and heartbreaking details of life under slavery.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /edward.htm (260 words)

	SCOTLAND IN THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Isabel and her lover Mortimer in the name of young Edward III "renounced all pretensions to sovereignty" to Scotland; and Joanna, sister of Edward III, was married to David, son of Robert Bruce.
		Accordingly, the English lords under Edward Balliol son of John Balliol invaded Scotland with 3000 men and archers and took the throne on September 24, 1332, from the four year old David II.
		Edward Balliol acknowledged Edward III as superior, surrendered Berwick, and promised to fight for Edward III.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Hills/6240/scotland.html (3631 words)

	William Wallace
		No-one knows what John Balliol's attitude to this was but he was now on an inevitable collision course with Edward I to whom he had sworn homage.
		Edward's military campaign was typically brutal but it was a brutal age and atrocities were committed by both sides.
		John Balliol was forced to plead for terms which involved several public confessions of so-called crimes against Edward and surrendering the Kingdom of Scotland to Edward officially.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/lennich/wwallace.htm (2950 words)

	Famous Scots - King David II
		Edward Balliol (son of King John Balliol who had been overthrown by King Robert), supported by a number of nobles who had been disinherited by Robert the Bruce, soon started a rebellion.
		, near Perth, Balliol defeated the Regent, Earl of Mar. In September, Balliol was crowned at Scone and thereafter there was a see-saw battle for the throne.
		Balliol was deposed again in 1334, restored in 1335 and finally deposed in 1341.
	www.rampantscotland.com /famous/blfamdavid2.htm (421 words)

	List of British monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1328, on the death of the French king, Charles IV, Edward III (nephew of Charles IV) claimed the French throne.
		King Edward I of England took over and installed a puppet, John Balliol.
		When John Balliol rebelled, the Wars of Scottish Independence commenced, during which Robert the Bruce became King.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_British_monarchs (1209 words)

	Bruce and Balliol North East England Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward appoints Balliol, son of Hugh Balliol of Barnard Castle.
		Edward II gives Scarborough Castle to his male lover, Piers Gaveston, who is later captured by rebels and executed.
		Balliol is deposed as King of Scotland and replaced by David II who attacks Newcastle but cannot break the walls.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /page50.htm (993 words)

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