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Topic: Edward L Thorndike

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Edward Thorndike

Law of effect

Comparative psychology

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Little Albert experiment

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Physiological psychology

	Human Intelligence: Edward L. Thorndike
		Thorndike's Law of Exercise continued this line of thought; a) Stimulus-response connections that are repeated are strengthened, and b) Stimulus -response connections that are not used are weakened.
		Thorndike and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903.
		Thorndike rejected the idea that a measure of intelligence independent of cultural background was possible.
	www.indiana.edu /~intell/ethorndike.shtml (554 words)

	Psyography: Biographies on Psychologists
		Edward L. Thorndike was born on August 31, 1874 in Williamsburg, Massachusetts.
		Edward Thorndike was married on August 29th, 1900 to Elizabeth Moulton.
		Thorndike’s original choice of subjects were children, but due to supposed inappropriate acts of an anthropologist when he loosened childrens’ clothing to take measurements at Harvard, working with children was frowned upon (Schultz and Sydney, 2000).
	faculty.frostburg.edu /mbradley/psyography/thorndike.html (1068 words)

	Learning - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Some of the earliest scientific research on operant conditioning was conducted by American psychologist Edward L. Thorndike at the end of the 19th century.
		Thorndike’s law of effect is another way of describing what modern psychologists now call operant conditioning.
		Like Thorndike’s puzzle box, the Skinner box was a barren chamber in which an animal could earn food by making simple responses, such as pressing a lever or a circular response key.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761556088___13/Learning.html (2345 words)

	My mighty functionalism Page
		Influence: Edward L. Throndike's pioneer investigations in the fields of human and animal learning are among the most influential in the history of Psychology.
		Thorndike grew up in an age when scientific psychology was establishing its place in academic institutions and attracting college graduates, Thorndike being one of them.
		Thorndike's setup of the puzzle boxes is an example of instrumental conditioning: An animal makes some response, and if it is rewarded, the response is learned.
	www.candleinthedark.com /thorndike.html (1118 words)

	The Leipzig Connection - Chapter 3 - Edward Lee Thorndike, Columbia University, Behaviorism
		Thorndike's specialty was the "puzzle box," into which he would put various animals (chickens, rats, cats) and let them find their way out by themselves.
		Thorndike equated children with the rats, monkeys, fish, cats, and chickens upon which he experimented in his laboratory and was prepared to apply what he found there to learning in the classroom.
		Thorndike based conditioning on what he called the "law of effect," which held that those actions and behaviors leading to satisfaction would be impressed, or stamped in, on the child, and those leading to unsatisfactory results would be stamped out.
	www.sntp.net /education/leipzig_connection_4.htm (2259 words)

	Thorndike, E. L. - WikEd
		Edward Lee Thorndike was born on August 31, 1874 in Williamsburg, Massachusetts.
		Thorndike created a maze out of a box and at the end of the maze was a door with a lever and a dish of food outside the door.
		Thorndike was phil- osophically of the American Functionalist school, but his positivism and commitment to objectivity in interpretation reverberate through the early work of John B. Watson that led to the behavioral revolution.
	wik.ed.uiuc.edu /index.php/Thorndike,_E._L. (950 words)

	Genetik und Neurobiologie
		Around the turn of the century, Edward Thorndike attempted to develop an objective experimental method for the mechanical problem solving ability of cats and dogs.
		Thorndike's initial aim was to show that the anecdotal achievements of cats and dogs could be replicated in controlled, standardised circumstance, however, he soon realised that he could now measure animal intelligence using this equipment.
		Thorndike was particularly interested in discovering whether his animals could learn their tasks through imitation or observation.
	genetics.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de /behavior/learning/behaviorism.html (1571 words)

	Thorndike (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thorndike rid his theories of the mentalism of earlier psychologists and paved the way for the behaviorism of B. Skinner and John B. Watson.
		Although evidence of classical conditioning was there, E. Thorndike did not believe that it was comprehensive because most behavior in the natural environment was not simple enough to be explained by Pavlov's theory.
		Thorndike's analysis of this behavior was that the behavior that produced the desired effect became dominant and therefore, occurred faster in the next experiments.
	www.nvgc.vt.edu /alhrd/Theorists/Thorndike.htm (322 words)

	Edward L Thorndike (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Edward Lee Thorndike was a son of a Methodist minister in Lowell, Massachusetts.
		Edward L. Throndike's pioneer investigations in the fields of human and animal learning are...
		Edward Lee Thorndike was born in Williamsburg, Massachusetts in 1874.
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Edward_L._Thorndike (272 words)

	Edward L Thorndike
		Thorndike's early animal research was with chicks that he trained to run through makeshift mazes.
		Thorndike was awarded his doctorate in 1898 aged 24 and he published his thesis that year titled 'Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals'.
		Thorndike believed that like the cat in the puzzle box, when someone or something is in a situation and are forced to respond which will lead to a solution, a connection is formed between the two.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /vjgroome (574 words)

	Psychology History
		Edward Lee Thorndike was a son of a Methodist minister in Lowell, Massachusetts.
		Edward L. Throndike's pioneer investigations in the fields of human and animal learning are among the most influential in the history of Psychology.
		Thorndike's setup of the puzzle boxes is an example of instrumental conditioning: An animal makes some response, and if it is rewarded, the response is learned.
	fates.cns.muskingum.edu /~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm (830 words)

	Template
		Thorndike theorized that the most characteristic form of learning was trial-and-error, or learning by selecting and connecting.
		Thorndike developed many of his ideas on learning by studying the behavior of animals (cats, dogs, fish, and monkeys) in what he called a "problem-box." The animal was placed in the problem-box confronted with a situation in which it has to escape from the box or attain food.
		Thorndike developed the "law of effect" which refers to the strengthening or weakening of a connection as a result of it consequences.
	scied.gsu.edu /Hassard/mos/2.5.html (2020 words)

	Thorndike Mills Braided Rugs & Hooked Rugs - The Company
		Over the years their small company evolved from hand loomed to machine fabricated rugs, to become the only commercial manufacturer today of true “cloth” constructed braided rugs in the world.
		It is with great pride and unwavering dedication to the vision of our parents that we continue the tradition of quality and excellence in braided rug manufacturing.
		Thorndike features “cloth” constructed braided rugs, our premier product, which are exclusively distributed through a network of authorized dealers.
	www.thorndikemills.com /content/blogcategory/84/57 (628 words)

	Psychology History
		Edward Lee Thorndike was a son of a Methodist minister in Lowell, Massachusetts.
		Edward L. Throndike's pioneer investigations in the fields of human and animal learning are among the most influential in the history of Psychology.
		Thorndike's setup of the puzzle boxes is an example of instrumental conditioning: An animal makes some response, and if it is rewarded, the response is learned.
	www.muskingum.edu /~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm (830 words)

	Edward L. Thorndike
		Edward Thorndike is one of the great learning theorists of all time.
		Thorndike also formulated the law of effect, which states that behaviors that are followed by pleasant consequences will be more likely to be repeated in the future.
		One of his most famous theories is "The Identical Elements Theory of the Transfer of Training" where the amount of transfer between the familiar situation and the unfamiliar one is determined by the number of elements that the two situations have in common.
	www.nwlink.com /~donclark/hrd/history/thorndike.html (272 words)

	Edward L. Thorndike (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Edward Lee Thorndike was born in Williamsburg, Massachusetts in 1874.
		Thorndike called this type of learning instrumental learning, stating the individual is instrumental in producing a response.
		Thorndike was a prolific writer, publishing more than 450 articles and books.
	www.dushkin.com /connectext/psy/ch06/bio6a.mhtml (287 words)

	TIP: Theories
		The learning theory of Thorndike represents the original S-R framework of behavioral psychology: Learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses.
		Thorndike also introduced the "spread of effect" idea, i.e., rewards affect not only the connection that produced them but temporally adjacent connections as well.
		Thorndike was especially interested in the application of his theory to education including mathematics (Thorndike, 1922), spelling and reading (Thorndike, 1921), measurement of intelligence (Thorndike et al., 1927) and adult learning (Thorndike at al., 1928).
	tip.psychology.org /thorn.html (427 words)

	Edward l thorndike - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Start the Edward l thorndike article or add a request for it.
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/edward_l__thorndike (143 words)

	Edward Thorndike Summary
		Edward Lee Thorndike was born on Aug. 31, 1874, in Williamsburg, Mass...
		Edward Thorndike () Edward Lee Thorndike was born on August 31, 1874, in Williamsburg, Massachusetts.
		A critique of Edward Thorndike's 1910 article in the Journal of Educational Psychology, which explains the relationship between education and psychology and the importance of psychology in understanding ideas and material in education.
	www.bookrags.com /Edward_Thorndike (287 words)

	Behaviorism: the rise and fall of a discipline
		Edward L. Thorndike had an early interest in comparative psychology.
		One of the results of this early experimentation was Thorndike's "law of effect," the idea that rewarded behaviors are increased in an animal's repertoire while punished behaviors are decreased.
		Having been exposed to aspects of Gestalt and other nonbehavioral fields, Tolman approached the learning process with the idea that the animal or human was viewing the solution as a whole rather than as incremental elements to be learned to gain success.
	www.apa.org /monitor/dec99/ss6.html (910 words)

	Learning Theory and Christian Leadership: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thorndike (1874-1949) Postulated laws of "Readiness, Exercise, and Effect." He is called the dean of American educational psychology.
		Edward L. Thorndike formulated three primary laws of learning: readiness, exercise, and effect.
		Critics of Thorndike's laws of learning emphasize that they appear to be quite mechanical, they do not appear to leave room for any sort of cognitive processing on the part of the student and they do not require that there be any kind of purposiveness in humankind.
	www.xenos.org /classes/leadership/learningtheory.html (5171 words)

	Edward L. Thorndike (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Edward Thorndike is one of the great learning theorists of all time.
		Thorndike also formulated the law of effect, which states that behaviors that are followed by pleasant consequences will be more likely to be repeated in the future.
		One of his most famous theories is "The Identical Elements Theory of the Transfer of Training" where the amount of transfer between the familiar situation and the unfamiliar one is determined by the number of elements that the two situations have in common.
	sos.net /~donclark/hrd/history/thorndike.html (272 words)

	The History of Instructional Design: Edward Thorndike, Education, A First Book
		Thorndike then continues by describes the differences between instruction delivered by a textbook and a teacher in treatment of a topic.The principle differences, Thorndike contends, are in the length and detail, difficulty, and suitability to the audience.
		A common fault in textbooks, Thorndike states, is that habits to be formed are stated but the reader does not have the chance to practice.
		Thorndike contends that this type of instruction might be better than "all but the best tenth of personal teaching if students would faithfully try as directed before reading ahead for the helps given (page 165)." But students, Thorndike continues, do not try to solve the problems for themselves but use all the clues first.
	www.coe.uh.edu /courses/cuin6373/idhistory/thorndike.html (477 words)

	Psychology History
		Edward L. Throndike's pioneer investigations in the fields of human and animal learning are among the most influential in the history of Psychology.
		Thorndike retired in 1939, but worked actively until his death ten years later.
		One of Thorndike's major contributions to the study of Psychology was his work with animals.
	muskingum.edu /~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm (830 words)

	Biografias (Site not responding. Last check: )
		THORNDIKE, EDWARD L. Edward L. Thorndike fue profesor de psicología durante más de treinta años en el Teachers College de Columbia, Estados Unidos.
		Según Thorndike, el aprendizaje se componía de una serie de conexiones entre un estímulo y una respuesta, que se fortalecían cada vez que generaban un estado de cosas satisfactorio para el organismo.
		Más adelante, Thorndike aplicó sus métodos para el adiestramiento de animales a niños y jóvenes, con éxito sustancial, y llegó a tener gran predicamento dentro del campo de la psicología educativa.
	www.psicoactiva.com /bio/bio_20.htm (370 words)

	Edward L. Thorndike: The selectionist connectionist. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Donahoe, J. Edward L. Thorndike: The selectionist connectionist.
		From the very outset of his work, Thorndike allied himself with the Darwinian proposition that complex phenomena can arise as the cumulative effects of a selection process, here the process envisioned by the law of effect.
		Thorndike's selectionist approach, when combined with his connectionism, laid the foundation for a synthesis of behavior analysis and neuroscience.
	seab.envmed.rochester.edu /abstracts/JeabAbstracts/72/_72-451.HTM (71 words)

	Author Articles
		Thorndike, Edward L. James Earl Russel--A Memorial Tribute: A Tribute by Edward L. Thorndike
		They have recorded in the case of all such words beginning with A, B, C, J, K, L, M the number of selections or "sources" as they shall call them in which the word appears and the number of times it occurs in each.
		The above article by Professor Thorndike is the fifth of a series of addresses given before the staff of Teachers College with the aim of studying the basic principles which must underlie a system of education suited to the needs of a democratic society such as ours.
	www.tcrecord.org /AuthorDisplay.asp?aid=17023 (4080 words)

	Edward Lee Thorndike - Encyclopedia.com
		Edward Lee Thorndike, 1874-1949, American educator and psychologist, b.
		5900 Casner & Edwards L L P 303 Congress...
		Belfort P C 24 Thorndike St Ste 300 Cambridge...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ThorndikE.html (599 words)

	Edward L. Thorndike
		His learning theory, applied to animals and human beings, added the principle of effect (success, pleasure, satisfaction) to Hermann Ebbinghaus's principle of exercise.
		Thorndike rid his theories of the mentalism of earlier psychologists and paved the way for the behaviorism of B. Skinner and John B. Watson.
		Bibliography: Clifford, G. J., Edward L. Thorndike, rev. ed.
	www.cwrl.utexas.edu /~tonya/309m/class/paper4/bowser/elt.htm (141 words)

	Edward L Thorndike
		Thorndike, Edward Lee (1874-1949), an American educational psychologist, made many contributions to the study of learning, teaching, and mental testing.
		He was one of the first to devise tests to measure learning and aptitudes.
		Thorndike was born in Williamsburg, Massachusetts, U.S.A. He received a Ph.D. from Columbia University, New York City, and taught at Teachers College, Columbia University, for 41 years.
	www.a2zpsychology.com /great_psychologists/edward_l_thorndike.htm (207 words)

	Edward L. Thorndike Personal Vita
		He was the second son of Edward Roberts Thorndike and Abbie Ladd Thorndike.
		Two unknown students doing biographical sketches of Thorndike and an Historical profile of Edward Lee Thorndike, by Lois Jaynes-Hickle, a Montana State University graduate student in the fall of 1986.
		Thorndike, E. Psychology and the science of education.
	www-distance.syr.edu /pvitaelt.html (545 words)

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