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	Mellanby, Edward
		Mellanby's work laid the foundation for this conclusion, since the cod-liver oil fed to the dogs was a good source of vitamin D and the dogs were raised without exposure to sunlight.
		Research conducted by Sir Edward Mellanby led to the discovery that rickets is a disease of malnutrition, curable with regular doses of cod-liver oil.
		In 1920, Mellanby was appointed chair of the pharmacology department at the University of Sheffield in England, and as an honorary physician to the Royal Infirmary.
	www.faqs.org /nutrition/Biographies/Mellanby-Edward.html (532 words)

	Loudon I. An early Medical Research Council controlled trial of vitamins for preventing infection
		Mellanby and Green were cautious in interpreting these observations, however, noting that, although impressive, the results were ‘too few in number to allow the deduction that this form of treatment is specific in its nature for septicaemia’.
		The change from ‘puerperal sepsis’ to ‘puerperal pyrexia for the purposes of notification is not mentioned in the paper, but it is clear that if Mellanby had not included all cases of puerperal morbidity such as mastitis, cystitis and gonorrhea, he would not have had enough cases to achieve a statistically significant result.
		The fifth of the five authors of the study report was Sir Edward Mellanby (1884-1955), a leading expert on the role of nutrition in general and the vitamins in particular.
	www.jameslindlibrary.org /trial_records/20th_Century/1930s/green_et_al/green_commentary.html (2417 words)

	Edward Mellanby -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Professor Edward Mellanby (1884 - 1955) discovered (A fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets) vitamin D and the role of the vitamin in preventing (Childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus) rickets in 1919.
		He was professor of (The science or study of drugs: their preparation and properties and uses and effects) pharmacology at the (additional info and facts about University of Sheffield) University of Sheffield, and consultant physician at the Royal Infirmary in that city.
		In the work, he writes extensively on (Any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism) vitamin deficiency.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ed/edward_mellanby.htm (193 words)

	Edward Medal - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Edward Medal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Edward Medal is a British civilian decoration which was instituted by Royal Warrant on 13 July 1907 to recognise acts of bravery of miners and quarrymen in endangering their lives to rescue their fellow workers.
		Peculiarly, the cost of the Edward Medal (Mines) was borne by a fund established by a group of philanthropists (including prominent mine owners) and not the state.
		The Edward Medal was discontinued in 1971, when surviving recipients of the Edward Medal (along with holders of the Albert Medal) were invited to exchange their award for the George Cross.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Edward-Medal.html (337 words)

	Robson2 - pafg06.htm - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Edward Mellanby was born 8 Apr 1884 in West Hartlepool County Durham.
		Thomas Mellanby was born 1900 in Greatham County Durham.
		Isabella Mellanby was born 1902 in Greatham County Durham.
	www.alphalink.com.au /~kcwands/pafg06.htm (1125 words)

	BMJ No 7070 Human guinea pigs
		In 1942 Mellanby had contacted his uncle, Edward Mellanby, secretary of the Medical Research Council, suggesting that his volunteers were prepared to allow themselves to be infected for typhus experiments.
		Edward Mellanby remarked, ``the suggestion seems crazy.'' He referred the matter to Henry Dale, who replied that ``If it were merely a question of vaccinating them and bleeding them to test the effect of the vaccine, I doubt whether they should be given the privilege of a rather fictitious heroism.
		Mellanby was concerned that too sweeping a condemnation at Nuremberg might endanger his scheme for an institute of human biology.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /archive/7070nd5.htm (2605 words)

	Scientific Anti-Vivisectionism ->
		Hopkins though that an inquiry should be made and recommended this to the newly-formed Medical Research Committee - which gave its agreement and, in 1914, Edward Mellanby, a former student of Hopkins, moved to Cambridge, where he started feeding experiments in dogs.
		Mellanby conducted hundred of experiments on puppies in an attempt to identify the type of diet which would induce rickets.
		Eventually, in 1918, Mellanby informed the Physiological Society that he had induced rickets in puppies by feeding a diet of either milk, rice, oatmeal and salts; or one of milk and bread; for three to four months.
	www.freewebs.com /scientific_anti_vivisectionism13/rickets.htm (612 words)

	Nutrition & Disease by Edward Mellanby M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.
		If a source of vitamin A, such as butter, cod-liver oil or egg yolk formed a part of the diet, infective lesions were never seen in the rats and the addition of these substances to the deficient diets, unless the animals were too severely infected, generally resulted in rapid improvement and ultimate cure.
		In 1922 M. Mellanby proceeded to investigate this phenomenon under varying nutritional conditions and found that she could control the secondary dentine laid down in the teeth of animals as a reaction to attrition both in quality and quantity, independently of the original structure of the tooth (Fig.
		Thus, when a diet of high calcifying qualities, ie., one rich in vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus was given to the dogs during the period of attrition, the new secondary dentine laid down was abundant and well formed whether the original structure of the teeth was good or bad (Fig.
	www.whale.to /a/mellanby.html (6383 words)

	History of Vitamin D
		Considering the fact that now we accept that the biologically active form of vitamin D is a steroid hormone, it is somewhat ironic that vitamin D, through a historical accident, became classified as a vitamin.
		It was in 1919/20 that Sir Edward Mellanby, working with dogs raised exclusively indoors (in the absence of sunlight or ultraviolet light), devised a diet that allowed him to unequivocally establish that the bone disease, rickets was caused by a deficiency of a trace component present in the diet.
		Mellanby, E. and Cantag, M.D. Experimental investigation on rickets.
	vitamind.ucr.edu /history.html (699 words)

	Raw Food and Enzymes
		In 1949, Mellanby et a] of London established, with animal experiments over five generations, that the phytin combination (of phosphoric acid, magnesium, and calcium) of the whole grain unbleached flour is broken down into an assimilable form by enzymatic action.
		This occurs when lukewarm water is added to the whole unbleached flour during the yeast raising period, or by the action of the phylase (phosphalase) enzymes of the unbleached whole grain during digestion.
		Perhaps as an outgrowth of Edward Mellanby's experiments proving the need for soaking cereal grains in advance so the enzymatic action could break up the phytin into its soluble component parts, several scientists in the Department of Poultry Science, State College of Washington performed experiments using native barley soaked 7 hours as against imported corn.
	www.galaxynutrients.com /RawFood.html (614 words)

	Wrench - Wheel of Health - Ch8
		Mellanby states that Green and he found areas of infections in almost all the ninety-two young rats brought up on this diet.
		But Mellanby's results show, in the same way as McCarrison's more extensive experiments, that in the infections of rats fed with deficient vitamin A the primary cause of the infections is shifted from the microbes to food.
		Mellanby found this infection in a fifth of his faultily-fed rats.
	journeytoforever.org /farm_library/Wrench_WoH/WoH5.html (6033 words)

	Dangers of unprocessed cereals on teeth
		I did a little research on frugal (mainly nutritional) caries prevention (can send the results to anyone who’s interested), and eating a lot of barely processed grain doesn’t seem like such a good idea anymore.
		One great book that I stumbled upon was "Nutrition and Disease" by Edward Mellanby, M.D., London, 1934.
		Mellanby provides illustrations showing growth of secondary dentin in these children’s teeth.
	www.whale.to /v/cereals.html (197 words)

	Robson2 - pafg04.htm - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Dorothy Ann Mellanby was born 1851 in Greatham County Durham.
		William Mellanby was born 1852 in Greatham County Durham.
		Dorothy Mellanby was born 1859 in Wolviston County Durham.
	www.alphalink.com.au /~kcwands/pafg04.htm (1771 words)

	Borax bei eLexi - das Onlinelexikon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Edward Mellanby (1884 - 1955) discovered vitamin D and the role of the vitamin in preventing rickets in 1919.
		Edward Phillips (August, 1630 - about 1696), was an English author.
		Edward Stafford, 2nd Earl of Wiltshire (April 7, 1470 - March 24, 1498/9) was an English nobleman.
	www.elexi.de /en/b/bo/borax.html (276 words)

	[No title]
		Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
		Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
		Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/e/ed (32 words)

	Vitamin A as "Anti-Infective" Therapy, 1920—1940 -- Semba 129 (4): 783 -- Journal of Nutrition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Mellanby was serving as secretary of the council.
		Mellanby E. Diet and disease, with special reference to the teeth, lungs, and pre-natal feeding.
		Mellanby M., Pattison C. L., Proud J. The effect of diet on the development and extension of caries in the teeth of children.
	www.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/129/4/783 (6763 words)

	Vitamin D History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 1914, Edward Mellanby (1884-1955), a brilliant young English biochemist and a student of Frederick Gowland Hopkins, was asked by Great Britain's Medical Research Council to concentrate on finding a cure for rickets.
		In 1921, Mellanby wrote that the fats' effectiveness in rickets was due "to a vitamin or accessory food factor they contain," which was probably identical to the fat-soluble vitamin that the American scientist Elmer McCollum was working with.
		In the next few years, a number of researchers went on to show that, when the skin was exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet light, a substance virtually identical to vitamin D was produced.
	www.bookrags.com /history/sciencehistory/vitamin-d-wsd (601 words)

	Special Collections Digital Library - Nutrition History
		His description of rickets was complete; however, he did not recognize the part that diet played.
		It was not until 1918, that Edward Mellanby, experimenting with dogs, showed that diet was the determining factor, and that cod liver oil could prevent rickets.
		In chapter 22 of his Treatise of the Rickets, Glisson gave a clear description of infantile scurvy and showed that, though it often accompanied rickets, it was a separate disease entirely.
	www.mc.vanderbilt.edu /biolib/hc/nh8.html (131 words)

	Vitamin A and Tinnitis Information Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		As far back as 1938, Sir Edward Mellanby, Sheffield, and F.R.Nager, Zurich, demonstrated in animal trials that a vitamin A shortage would lead to disorders in the inner ear.
		The results of those studies indeed confirm the conclusions made in 1938 by Mellanby and Nager.
		Furthermore it was discovered that hearing loss experimentally induced by streptomycin can be positively influenced by supplying Vitamin A. Trials with streptomycin indicate that Vitamin A maintains the function of the sensory cells in the organ of Corti.
	www.alphatinnitusformulas.com /tinnitus_vitamin_a.asp (1044 words)

	Human guinea pigs and the ethics of experimentation: the BMJ's correspondent at the Nuremberg medical trial -- ...
		Mellanby was concerned that too sweeping a condemnation at Nuremberg
		Mellanby K. Medical experiments on human beings in concentration camps in Nazi Germany.
		MRC records FD 1/6627 Typhus CO Group, Sheffield, 1942: Kenneth Mellanby to E Mellanby, 15 June; H Dale to E Mellanby, 5 June; E Mellanby to H Dale, 3 June.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/313/7070/1467 (2411 words)

	Topographical Photographs (A&M)
		Sir Edward Mellanby (1884-1955) physiologist and medical researcher and Lady (May) Mellanby (1882-1978) nutritional and dental scientist: b/w postcards of Baku, Caucasus, c.1900 (in the papers of Lady Mellanby) PP/MEL/E.5/3,4
		Edward Louis McSheehy: photograph album, including general views of Madras, Ootacamund and Coonoor, c.1858/1860s RAMC 1273/6
		Sir Edward Mellanby (1884-1955) physiologist and medical researcher and Lady (May) Mellanby (1882-1978) nutritional and dental scientist: b/w and colour postcards of Balaklava, Sochi, Livadiia, Chufut Cliffs, Yalta, Baidarsk, Alusha, Alupka and Sevastopol in the Crimea; Odessa; Lvov, c.1900-65 (in the papers of Lady Mellanby) PP/MEL/E.5/2,3
	library.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTL039954.html (4845 words)

	Edward Mellanby - Information from Reference.com
		Professor Edward Mellanby (1884 - 1955) discovered vitamin D and the role of the
		The British physician and pharmacologist Sir Edward Mellanby was born in West
		Hartlepool, England, the youngest son of John Mellanby, a shipyard owner,...
	www.reference.com /search?q=Edward%20Mellanby&db=web (204 words)

	Medical Research Council (UK) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Important early work carried out under MRC auspices was:
		Identification of the dietary cause of rickets by Sir Edward Mellanby
		Discovery, in 1918, that influenza is caused by a virus
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medical_Research_Council (531 words)

	Biochemist e-volution: Biochemistry announcements
		This was contrary to the current theory at the time and showed clearly that active absorption did not involve phosphorylation of the sugars.
		On moving to the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill he set out to identify, with Dr T.S. Work and Sir Edward Mellanby, the toxic factor in wheat flour bleached with nitrogen trichloride (agenized flour) which Mellanby had shown to cause fits in dogs and ferrets.
		On the successful completion of this work, he and Work turned to a study of protein synthesis in animal cells starting with a study of milk protein synthesis in rabbits and later in goats.
	www.biochemist.org /announce/page.htm?item=15305 (639 words)

	Wellness Topics
		Vitamin D, known as the sunshine vitamin, is readily available to us, yet a surprising number of Americans do not get enough of this essential vitamin.
		Scientists have known about the importance of vitamin D since its discovery in 1922 by Edward Mellanby during his research into rickets, a disease which was affecting children.
		Interestingly, in the past two years, scientists may have linked a number of modern-day diseases to a vitamin D deficiency in adults.
	www.naturemade.com /WellnessTopics/wt_articles.asp?articleid=271 (482 words)

	Core Historical Literature of Agriculture (CHLA)
		[Edwards Brothers, Inc.], Washington, D.C. Farm management in the South Hunt, Robert Lee.
		The nature and prevention of the cereal rusts as exemplified in the leaf rust of wheat Chester, Kenneth Starr.
		Physiology of man in the desert Adolph, Edward F. Interscience Pub.
	chla.library.cornell.edu /c/chla/browse/1940.html (5044 words)

	VITAMINS PAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Cow's milk was found to contain another growth-promoting factor, the water-soluble Vitamin B, which was isolated in pure form in 1936.
		(We now know there are several different types of Vitamin B.) In 1922, while looking for a solution to the problem of rickets, Edward Mellanby dicovered Vitamin D. In the United States, the enrichment of milk with Vitamin D was extremely effective against rickets.
		Experiments with rats in 1922 showed that rats reared exclusively on whole milk grew normally but were sterile and could not reproduce.
	iml.jou.ufl.edu /projects/Spring2000/Kimpel/vitamins.html (591 words)

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