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	Eadweard Muybridge
		Eadweard Muybridge (April 9, 1830 – May 8, 1904) was a British-born photographer, known primarily for his early use of multiple cameras to capture motion.
		Muybridge was born Edward James Muggeridge at Kingston-on-Thames, England.
		Muybridge noticed how much public attention those pictures drew and invented the Zoopraxiscope, a machine similar to the Zoetrope, but that projected the images so the public could see realistic motion.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Edward_Muybridge (658 words)

	Profotos - Eadweard Muybridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Biography: Edward James Muggeridge was born in Kingston on Thames, and it is said that because this area is associated with the coronation of Saxon kings, he took on a name closely resembling (as he saw it) the Anglo Saxon equivalent.
		However, Muybridge's main claim to fame (apart from being tried and acquitted for the murder of his wife's lover!) was his exhaustive study of movement.
		Whilst working on this project Muybridge also undertook other assignments, and it was on his return from one of these, we are told, that he became aware that his wife was having an affair with another soldier.
	www.profotos.com /education/referencedesk/masters/masters/eadweardmuybridge/eadweardmuybridge.shtml (750 words)

	About Eadweard Muybridge
		Edward James Muggeridge was born on April 9, 1830 in Kingston-upon -Thames, England.
		Muybridge was intrigues by the challenge (for up to that time no photographs had been taken at the speed necessary to capture such action) and was beginning to develop a method for approaching the problem when a personal tragedy almost ended his career.
		Muybridge's Methods in brief: In an open shed about 120 feet long a background, against which the models moved, was marked off by threads into squares of 5 cm (approximately 2 inches).
	www.xldesignsource.com /eadmybridgeabout1.html (898 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Muybridge, Eadweard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Muybridge continued his series photography, expanding the cameras to 24 and improving shutter speed with a system of magnetic releases that gave an exposure every 2/1,000 of a second.
		Muybridge's experiments in photographing motion began in 1872, when the railroad magnate Leland Stanford hired him to prove that during a particular moment in a trotting horse's gait all four legs are off the ground simultaneously.
		Muybridge was aware of the potential of new photographic markets in America and he considered the possibility of photography as a second career.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/MUYBRIDGE_BIO.html (3111 words)

	Who was Muybridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Muybridge took normal photography and transcended it by using multiple still frame cameras to capture a series of photos that, when viewed in sequence, suggest motion.
		Muybridge was initially interested in capturing the movement of a running horse.
		Muybridge was primarily interested in the artistic ramifications of this discovery, however, Scientific American realized the scientific utility of the sequences and featured his work in the October 19, 1878 issue.
	www.cs.brown.edu /research/vision/motioncapture/MotionCapture/key_pages/muybridge.htm (426 words)

	Timeline - Krone-Sammlung (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Muybridge, who was originally from England, was first active after 1860 as a landscape photographer in the American West.
		Muybridge became well-known and famous through his photographs of motion studies.
		Muybridge expanded his experiments both in terms of content and technique.
	www.knaw.nl /ecpa/sepia/exhibition/iapp/Glossary/M_07.htm (127 words)

	The American Experience \| The Wizard of Photography \| People & Events \| Photography Becomes a Profession
		Born Edward Muggeridge on April 9, 1830, in Kingston-on-Thames, Muybridge sailed for America in 1852 on the scent of California gold and worked a string of obscure jobs until 1860, when he was injured in a stagecoach accident and had to return to England.
		Muybridge was a capable expeditionary photographer, but if it hadn't been for his association with Leland Stanford, he probably would not be remembered today.
		In pursuit of the answer (which was yes), Muybridge developed a camera with a faster shutter speed, which not only captured a horse in motion but allowed him to use photography as a basis for the study of living motion and, from there, to invent the zoopraxiscope: an early motion-picture device.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/eastman/peopleevents/pande17.html (767 words)

	village voice > books > Stop Time by Paul LaFarge
		The image of motion which Muybridge pioneered was the direct precursor of the moving image; 12 years after Muybridge froze Occident in mid-trot, the Lumière brothers unveiled their Cinematographe, and the picture came to life again.
		Muybridge cannot be held accountable for all of this, of course.
		Muybridge was hired by Stanford (whom Solnit describes as looking like "a badly taxidermized badger") not, as is popularly told, to settle a bet as to whether a trotting horse ever has all four feet off the ground, but out of sheer scientific curiosity.
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0306/lafarge.php (809 words)

	Eadweard Muybridge \| The Horse in Motion \| 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On the bottom left side of the image is a strip with "Copyright 1877 by Muybridge." Opposite, on the right side, is a blank strip probably covering the name of John Koch.
		Muybridge only presents it to some members of the press and some of his friends, making it difficult to examine the image more closely and independently.
		The Twelfth Industrial Exhibition that awards Muybridge a medal is in 1877.
	web.inter.nl.net /users/anima/chronoph/muybridge/him/him-1.htm (1349 words)

	Freeze Frame
		Hired by railroad baron Leland Stanford in 1872, Muybridge used photography to prove that there was a moment in a horse’s gallop when all four hooves were off the ground at once.
		Although Eadweard Muybridge thought of himself primarily as an artist, he encouraged the aura of scientific investigation that surrounded his project at the University of Pennsylvania.
		In pursuit of his mission to illustrate all aspects of human movement, Muybridge frequently used models who were nude, seminude, or draped in a gauzy fabric.
	americanhistory.si.edu /muybridge (298 words)

	EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE (Page 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Eadweard Muybridge was born on 9 April 1830 the son of John and Susanna Muggeridge.
		Baptised as Edward James Muggeridge at All Saints Church, Kingston, he later changed his surname first to Muygridge, then to Muybridge and spelt his Christian name as Eadweard.
		Muybridge was a young man when he left Kingston for America.
	www.kingston.ac.uk /Muybridge/muytext1.htm (205 words)

	Eadweard Muybridge, Before and After Science
		Muybridge accepted the commission, beginning ten years of sometimes turbulent collaboration between the two men.
		In the course of their association, Muybridge not only photographed horses at full gallop, proving that they lift all four legs off the ground at a single point in their stride, he also investigated the movements of many different animals, from dogs to elephants, and from baboons to humans.
		Muybridge’s photographs of motion were revolutionary, but they represent only half the story of his artistic development.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/ccva/muybridge (518 words)

	Indelible Images - Man of Action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Eadweard Muybridge, an eccentric Englishman and photographer who not long before had murdered his wife's lover, claimed to be able to photograph a horse running at full speed—a feat considered impossible with the era's balky cameras, which had wooden shutters and insensitive glass-plate negatives.
		That invention is the main source of the claim that Muybridge is the father of the motion picture.
		Muybridge, who adopted the Anglo-Saxon spelling of his first name, died in Kingston-on-Thames in 1904 at age 73, leaving a modest estate of some 3,000 pounds.
	www.smithsonianmag.si.edu /smithsonian/issues04/sep04/indelible.html (949 words)

	muybridge ckv
		In 1850 verliet Edward Muybridge Engeland om in Amerika zijn geluk te beproeven.
		Achter elkaar geplakt en in een cilindervormige stroboscoop bekeken leverden foto's zo voor het eerst bewegende beelden op.
		Muybridge zelf projecteerde zijn foto's door dergelijke apparaten op een doek en was daarmee een pionier van de cinernatografie.
	www.digischool.nl /ckv1/fotografie/muybridge.htm (288 words)

	Muybridge
		Synonyms: Eadweard Muybridge (n), Edward James Muggeridge (n).
		"Muybridge" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 100.00% of the time.
		"Muybridge" is used about 3 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Mu/Muybridge.html (462 words)

	Great Inventions of the Cable Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1877, Edward Muybridge (1830 - 1904), an English photographer based in the United States, succeeds in his experiments with motion photography.
		Muybridge first develops his technique to settle a wager as to whether a racing horse ever has all four feet off the ground at once.
		Later Muybridge extends this technique to a wide range of subjects.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /cable/inventio.htm (1902 words)

	Muybridge, Eadweard. Adopted name of Edward James Muggeridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Muybridge changed his name from Edward James Muggeridge.
		A gifted and obsessed eccentric, he was a photographic innovator who left a vast and enormously varied body of work.
		Muybridge murdered his wife's lover in 1874; the case was dismissed as justifiable homicide.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/M/Muybridge/1.html (138 words)

	Studyarea.com's Free Essay Site - "Muybridge, Eadweard" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He hired Muybridge to settle the bet,and in 1877 Muybridge's pictures, which recorded the horse's motion insequential frames, proved Stanford right.
		(The work took 5 years becauseit was interrupted while Muybridge was tried and acquitted for the murderof his wife's lover.) In 1879, Muybridge invented the zoopraxiscope, amachine that reconstructed motion from his photographs and a forerunner ofcinematography.
		After a European tour, during which his work was acclaimedby artists and scientists alike, he continued (1884-86) his photographicmotion studies; Animal Locomotion (1887), containing 781 groups ofsequential frames, was the first of several such publications, which alsoincluded The Human Figure in Motion (1901).
	essay.studyarea.com /essay/Movie_Artists/24.shtml (202 words)

	Abbeys Bookshop - Motion Studies [Muybridge Edward; US title= River of Shadows]
		In 1872 an Englishman called Edward Muybridge photographed a horse in California and thereby invented the essentials of motion picture technology.
		In the eight years of his studies, Muybridge also became a father, a murderer, a widower, the inventor of a clock and an internationally renowned scientist and artist.
		This was a pioneer in a pioneering land - on precisely the patch where Silicon Valley was later built.A peculiarly Californian story, a dashing history of modern technology and an Englishman's life of unbelievable personal drama, Solnit's portrait of Muybridge never stands still for a second.
	www.abbeys.com.au /items/23/02/87 (253 words)

	Motion Studies: Time, Space and Edward Muybridge - Word Power
		A biography of Edward Muybridge, the Englishman who invented motion picture technology, and a dazzling portrait of the age of high-speed innovation in which he lived.
		From Muybridge's invention came Hollywood and from his patron Stanford's sponsorship of technological research came Silicon Valley - two industries that have most powerfully shaped the modern world.
		The story of Muybridge's own life while he was making his motion studies is equally riveting.
	www.word-power.co.uk /catalogue/0747568413 (605 words)

	Eadweard Muybridge Online
		Eadweard Muybridge in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Database
		Eadweard Muybridge at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C. Eadweard Muybridge at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art, Washington D.C. Self-portrait, albumen silver prints, 1880s
		All images and text on this Eadweard Muybridge page are copyright 1999-2005 by John Malyon/Artcyclopedia, unless otherwise noted.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /artists/muybridge_eadweard.html (222 words)

	NCAW Spring 03 \| Linda Nochlin on The Darwin Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		What particularly caught my attention at the time, and continues to intrigue me, is what one might call a coincidence of major temporal revolutions inscribed on the equine body—one epistemological and the other ontological.
		Concurrent with Muybridge's creation of the sequential photograph of the horse in motion was the emergence of the paradigmatic status of the horse within evolutionary theory, since its development from the eohippus to modern type could be traced in the fossil record.
		In terms of epistemology, the flying gallop, that time-honored logo for equine speed in use from the earliest days of representation, from sixth-century Persian plates to the time of Géricault, and still later in the works of Manet and Degas a more scientifically based, if less aesthetically and expressively satisfying, version of the speeding horse.
	www.19thc-artworldwide.org /spring_03/articles/noch.html (3027 words)

	History of Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The development of faster cameras in the 1870's spurred scientists and others to use photography in the systematic study of human and animan movement.
		Edward Muybridge was a pioneer in this field.
		He used a series of photographs of a galloping horse to demonstrate to an amazed world that the animal lifts all four feet off the ground at once.
	plaza.ufl.edu /brettgtr/Project2/Frontiers%20of%20Photography.html (268 words)

	HISTORY - PHOTOGRAPHY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Muybridge demonstrates to an audience at the San Francisco Art Association Rooms his Zoopraxiscope, a Zoetrope adapted to project photographic images in motion
		Edward Steichen becomes chief photographer for the fashion magazines 'Vogue' and 'Vanity Fair'.
		Edward Steichen organizes 'The Family of Man', one of the most popular exhibitions of photographs ever presented.
	www.dennisglass.com /history-tl-photography.html (2758 words)

	Basil's Dancers - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Basil Watson's current exhibition, entitled The Journey Continues, at the Mutual Life Gallery combines two of the sculptor's main artistic preoccupations: the joy and inherent freedom in movement, particularly athletics and dance, and the nude female form.
		The figures (the bronzes at least)are rendered unabashedly yet unself-consciously nude(somewhat reminiscent of Edward Muybridge's seminal nude photo studies), while in the drawings the figure(s) is apparently seeking some level of endorsement or support from the viewer.
		This is but one of the contrasts that makes this latest Basil Watson outing a meaningful and accomplished examination of the human form (particularly female) and the freedom and joy inherent in movement.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /lifestyle/html/20050115T190000-0500_73195_OBS_BASIL_S_DANCERS_.asp (376 words)

	History Readings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1872 Edward Muybridge made one of the first "moving pictures" of a trotting horse, a principle that was eventually applied to celluloid film.
		The telephone, the typewriter, the phonograph, the automobile, and many other inventions all were developed in the 19th century, and all in one way or another had an impact on sport.
		Edward Hitchcock, M.D., Professor of Physical Education and Hygiene at Amherst College, was the epitome of what physical education professionals aspired to be.
	personal.ecu.edu /estesst/2323/Readings/historyreadings.html (14676 words)

	Photography
		Shot against plain backgrounds, with diffused light to bring out details, these photographs are examples of Nadar's powers of observation.
		An interesting reversal of the early pattern of art influencing photography occurred with the work of English-American photographer Eadweard Muybridge.
		Before World War I (1914-1918), Stieglitz, Steichen, and Strand had used soft focus and printed their photographs on paper with a special texture in order to produce impressionistic images reminiscent both of Japanese prints and the atmospheric paintings of American artist J.A.M. Whistler.
	cs.clark.edu /~hum101/Humanities_101/photography.htm (10122 words)

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