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	Maunder, Edward Walter (1851-1928)
		Maunder's appointment allowed Greenwich to branch out from purely positional work, for Maunder began a careful study of the Sun, mainly of sunspots and related phenomena.
		In 1893 Maunder, while checking the solar cycle in the past, came across the surprising fact that between 1645 and 1715 there was virtually no sunspot activity at all.
		Maunder also played a significant part in the debate on the canals of Mars by carrying out experiments with marked circular disks and concluding, as did Simon Newcomb, that the canals "are simply the integration by the eye of minute details too small to be separately and distinctly defined."
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/M/Maunder.html (366 words)

	Edward Walter Maunder -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After 1891, he was assisted in his work by his second wife, Annie Scott Dill Maunder (neé Russell), a (A person skilled in mathematics) mathematician educated at (A university in England) Cambridge University.
		A (A bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of a meteorite or bomb) crater on Mars was named in his honor.
		Maunder, "Experiments as to the Actuality of the 'Canals' observed on Mars",
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ed/edward_walter_maunder.htm (329 words)

	Edward Walter Maunder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Edward Walter Maunder (April 12, 1851 – March 21, 1928) was an English astronomer best remembered for his study of sunspots and the solar magnetic cycle that led to his identification of the period from 1645 to 1715 that is now known as the Maunder Minimum.
		Part of his job involved photographing and measuring sunspots, and in doing so he observed that the solar latitudes at which sunspots occur varies in a regular way over the course of the 11 year cycle.
		After studying the work of Gustav Spoerer, who had identified a period from 1400 to 1510 when sunspots had been rare ("the Spoerer Minimum"), he examined old records from the observatory's archives to determine whether there were other such periods.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edward_Walter_Maunder (293 words)

	Walter
		Walter E. Foster Walter Edward Foster (1873-1947) was a Speaker from 1936 to 1940.
		Walter Grey Walter W. Grey Walter was born in Bristol, from 1939 to 1970.
		Walter Staunton Mack Jr Walter Staunton Mack Jr.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/walter.html (2924 words)

	Essays Page
		Maunder passed the examination and was appointed to the position.
		Maunder was given the job of photographing sunspots and measuring their areas and positions.
		Maunder began searching through old records at the observatory to see whether Spörer was correct and whether there were any other such periods.
	www.fofweb.com /Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&iPin=enweath2065 (424 words)

	Astronomers M
		He also was the first person to determine the mass and mean density of the earth.
		Maunder, Edward Walter (1851-1928) - English astronomer who while studying the history of sunspots discovered a period from 1645 to 1715 in which there appeared a lack of sunspots.
		Milne, Edward Arthur (1896-1950) - English scientist who developed ways to determine the temperature of the sun and varying depths.
	www.pa.msu.edu /people/horvatin/Astronomers/astronomers_m.htm (359 words)

	17th century solar oddity believed linked to global cooling is rare among nearby stars
		The drop in solar activity in the late 17th and early 18th centuries was drawn to the world's attention in 1893 by English astronomer Edward Walter Maunder, who also noted a dip during the same period in the intensity and frequency of the northern lights, which are caused by storms on the sun.
		The idea of a Maunder minimum is controversial, however, because no one really knows how closely people were observing the sun in the mid-1600s, a mere 40 years after the invention of the telescope.
		The problem with stars thought to be in a Maunder minimum went unnoticed because it wasn't until 1998 that the Hipparcos satellite was launched and began determining the precise distances to many nearby stars.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-06/uoc--1cs060104.php (1244 words)

	Essays Page
		The period was identified by the English astronomer edward walter maunder by searching through old records.
		Maunder contradicted this idea by showing that in the recent past solar behavior had departed dramatically from the regular cycle, and he was ignored.
		Since the Spörer and Maunder minima were recognized other, similar episodes have been identified, as well as sunspot maxima, when there were more sunspots than usual.
	www.fofweb.com /Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&iPin=enweath2066 (558 words)

	Astronomy - Solar funk - Pamela Zerbinos
		This solar funk, which has not been repeated, came to be called the "Maunder minimum," and it coincided with the coldest part of the Little Ice Age in Europe and North America.
		Maunder also noticed a dip in the frequency and intensity of the northern lights — which are caused by solar storms — during that same period.
		A decrease in the calcium emission of a Sun-like star, therefore, should be evidence of a star in a period of inactivity.
	www.astronomy.com /asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=2205 (789 words)

	06.01.2004 - Was 17th century solar funk a rarity?
		The drop in solar activity in the late 17th and early 18th centuries was drawn to the world's attention in 1893 by English astronomer Edward Walter Maunder, who also noted a dip during the
		Characterized by colder than normal winters and cool summers throughout the Northern Hemisphere, it may have been caused by greenhouse gases and particulates spewed into the atmosphere by volcanoes, or by fluctuations in the sun's output.
		Solar activity is characterized by strong magnetic fields that heat the sun's upper atmosphere, or chromosphere, to some 8,000 to 10,000 degrees Kelvin, exciting calcium to emit blue light.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2004/06/01_maunder.shtml (1230 words)

	Maunder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If an internal link referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
		Look up maunder on Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
		This page was last modified 16:11, 23 October 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maunder (71 words)

	- Port Cities
		Description: Edward Walter Maunder worked as an assistant at the Observatory from 1873 to 1913, and again from 1915 to 1919.
		With his wife Annie, he collected data on sunspots, from which they concluded that sunspots went in cycles (as demonstrated in Maunder’s famous butterfly diagrams) and these cycles could be linked to magnetic disturbances and changes in weather.
		He was influential in the formation of the BAA (British Astronomical Association) in 1890, and in 1900 he wrote a book describing the Observatory as it then was.
	www.portcities.org.uk /server/change/storyInPictures/contentType/ConGalleryCollection/contentId/17/chapterId/144/viewImage/2 (122 words)

	British Astronomical Association : Mars Section : Directors of the Mars Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Section was founded in 1892, and Walter Maunder was its first Director.
		Edward Walter Maunder will always be remembered as the 'father' of the BAA.
		Ryves was awarded the Walter Goodacre Medal of the BAA in 1955, but died in early 1956.
	www.britastro.org /mars/directrs.htm (2570 words)

	Assistants at the Royal Observatory - Port of science and discovery - Port Cities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1849 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and a year later, in 1850 he took a leading role in the foundation of the (now Royal) Meteorological Society.
		Edward Walter Maunder, Assistant at the Royal Observatory (1873-1919).
		Edward Walter Maunder worked as an assistant at the Observatory from 1873 to 1913, and again from 1915 to 1919.
	www.portcities.org.uk /london/server/show/ConGalleryCollection.17/chapterId/144/Assistants-at-the-Royal-Observatory.html (276 words)

	[No title]
		Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
		Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
		Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/e/ed (32 words)

	Letter E Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Edward VII of the United Kingdom as Prince of Wales and family - Project Gutenberg eText 15052.png
		Edward William Spencer Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Edward Wilson.
	www.mauspfeil.net /E_120.html (84 words)

	Technicolor solar flare skirts
		That may sound weird, but everyone knows it is coming, so it all becomes a matter of what the argument between the two gumshoes will be that sparks the conflagration.
		Sir Edward Sabine (1788-1883) made a very important contribution when he discovered that fluctuations in Earth’s magnetic field paralleled the rise and fall of sunspot activity.
		E. Walter Maunder, an English astronomer (1851-1928) noted this, and therefore this period (and others where the Sun has little sunspot activity) is known as the Maunder minimum.
	people.msoe.edu /~cohenm/skirts.htm (2571 words)

	The Winged Eye Symbol of Ancient Egyptian Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Maunder astutely pointed out how the "fan of light" formed by the corona's polar rays had a "practically perfect" "resemblance" to the "kilts" worn by Assyrian deities which also formed the bird-like tail of most
		Maunder commented, "If this be a mere chance coincidence it seems to me to be a most extraordinary one."
		Until the next appearance of the total solar eclipse winged eye over the South Pacific Ocean and Central America during the April 8, 2005
	wingedeyesymbol.homestead.com (1550 words)

	[No title]
		You may be more familiar with a recent film of the same name which features the touchingly sentimental scene of Jessica Lange urinating on a beach.
		FTP, identify this name, the title hero of a novel by Sir Walter Scott.
		He was born in Chicago, and in his teens he was a volunteer ambulance during WWI.
	quizbowl.stanford.edu /archive/phl96/Prelim4.txt (2885 words)

	New Humanist June 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They were puzzled and finally plagued by straight lines that appeared across the planet's globe.
		The President of the British Astronomical Association, Edward Walter Maunder, argued that these ‘canals’ were optical illusions.
		Because telescopes were unable to resolve the surface features fully, the shadowy half-glimpsed images were interpreted as straight lines by the brains of the astronomers involved.
	www.newhumanist.org.uk /volume116issue2_more.php?id=336_0_17_0_M (646 words)

	ATM [Fwd: [ASTRO] Maunder-Pickering Experiments (was: AO For Your Eyebal
		In fact, I lifted the idea directly > from > Edward Walter Maunder, who did his own version of these experiments.
		> > Recently, I re-read an account of Edward Walter Maunder's experiments > with > fl markings on white paper, which he used to determine some rough > limits > to his naked-eye definition.
		> > When Maunder performed his version of this experiment, he was able to > discern 30" spots, and 7" wide lines.
	astro.umsystem.edu /atm/ARCHIVES/DEC97/msg00009.html (1909 words)

	Milestones: Section 7. 1900-1949
		Use of the ``butterfly diagram'' to study the variation of sunspots over time, leading to the discovery that they were markedly reduced in frequency from 1645-1715 (the ``Maunder minimum'').
		Development of the control chart for statistical control of industrial processes- Walter A. Shewhart (1891-1967), USA[232].
		Experimental test of statistical graphical forms (pie vs. subdivided bar charts)- Walter C. Eells, USA [57].
	www.math.yorku.ca /SCS/Gallery/milestone/sec7.html (1460 words)

	Sunspots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When, in 1671, a prominent sunspot was observed, it was treated as a rare event.
		The period of low activity is now referred to as the Maunder Minimum, after Edward Walter Maunder (1851-1928), one of the first modern astronomers to study the long-term cycles of sunspots.
		Modern studies of sunspots originated with the rise of astrophysics, around the turn of the century.
	cnx.rice.edu /content/m11970/latest (1622 words)

	New Titles February 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The three jewels : a study and translation of Minamoto Tamenori's Sanboe / Edward Kamens.
		White : the biography of Walter White, Mr.
		Arthritic Japan : the slow pace of economic reform / Edward J. Lincoln.
	www.otterbein.edu /Resources/library/libpages/news/new205.html (4474 words)

	The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery. Chapter 8: How the Eye Interprets. University of Arizona Press.
		Even more damaging to the Lowellian view of the planet were the observations of Campbell's colleague at Mount Hamilton, Edward Emerson Barnard, who was already well known for the keenness of his sight and the soundness of his judgment.
		The last important development during the memorable year 1894 was the publication of a provocative paper by the English astronomer Edward Walter Maunder (fig.
		As far back as 1879, Maunder had made out, at least in qualified form, some of the Schiaparellian canals, though he had tended to agree with Nathaniel Green's interpretation of them.
	www.uapress.arizona.edu /onlinebks/mars/chap08.htm (4975 words)

	SPACE.com -- Natural Sunblock: Sun Dims in Strange Ways
		The reduced solar activity of the 1600s and 1700s is called the Maunder minimum, after the solar astronomer Edward Walter Maunder, who during the 1800s investigated the historical sunspot records.
		In fact, the whole concept remains controversial, because it's not clear how well astronomers were counting sunspots during the Maunder minimum.
		And the exact tie to climate is not understood.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/natural_sunblock_040802.html (878 words)

	Pedigree of the Phoenix - Total Eclipse Sun Bird - Part 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		While I will leave it to the individual reader to draw their own conclusions about this, I will borrow a phrase from E. Walter Maunder and say that, "If this be a mere chance coincidence it seems to me to be a most extraordinary one."
		I have good reason to believe that Edward Walter Maunder could not have failed to be
		Heavens' which was published in 'Sunday Magazine,' a Christian faith family magazine, in October of 1883 represent Edward Walter Maunder's own personal theology in an accurate, honourable and indeed quite enlightening manner -
	eclipsephoenix.homestead.com /phoenix4.html (3917 words)

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