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Topic: Edwin Armstrong

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	Edwin Armstrong - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Armstrong was in the opinion that anyone who had actual contact with the making of the development of radio understood that the radio art was the product of experiment and work based on physical reasoning, rather than on the mathematicians' calculations and formulae (known today as part of "mathematical physics").
		Armstrong was one of the most prolific inventors of the radio era, with a vision that was ahead of his time.
		Armstrong had begun on a journey to convince America that FM radio was superior to AM, and, he hoped, to collect patent royalties on every radio sold with FM technology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edwin_Armstrong (1011 words)

	Withdrawl of Edwin H. Armstrong House: National Historic Landmarks Program (NHL)
		Armstrong's regenerative circuit was the first radio amplifier and it became the basis of the continuous-wave transmitter that remains key to radio broadcasting.
		Armstrong was posthumously elected by the International Telecommunications Union in Geneva to its roster of electrical pioneers, joining such figures as Alexander Graham Bell, Marconi, and Michael Pupin.
		The Edwin H. Armstrong House was demolished in 1983.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nhl/DOE_dedesignations/Armstrong.htm (630 words)

	Armstrong, Edwin Howard - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Armstrong, Edwin Howard
		Armstrong was born and educated in New York, and became a professor at Columbia University.
		The superheterodyne receiving circuit was developed by Armstrong during World War I in an attempt to make a receiver that could detect the presence of enemy aircraft by means of the electromagnetic (radio) waves given off by the sparking of the ignition systems of their engines.
		In 1933 Armstrong, with US physicist Michael Pupin (1858–1935), developed and patented the FM method of radio broadcasting, in which the transmitted signal is made to modulate the frequency of the carrier wave over a wide waveband.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Armstrong,+Edwin+Howard (286 words)

	IEEE History Center - Legacies: Edwin H. Armstrong
		Edwin H. Armstrong is widely regarded as one of the foremost contributors to the field of radio-electronics.
		Armstrong was born on December 18, 1890, in New York City, where he was to spend much of his professional career.
		Armstrong was highly esteemed by a generation of radio-electronics engineers and amateur radio enthusiasts.
	www.ieee.org /organizations/history_center/legacies/armstrong.html (376 words)

	Armstrong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Armstrong was the holder of 42 patents for inventions in the field of radio.
		Armstrong graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from Columbia University in 1913 and returned to Columbia as an instructor and as assistant to professor Michael Pupin, the notable physicist and inventor and his revered teacher.
		Armstrong learned that the British were far ahead of the Americans in the development of vacuum tubes suitable for such high frequencies, and that Round had devised a method, using tubes of his own design, to receive at frequencies of up to 1,200,000 cycles.
	www.geocities.com /neveyaakov/electro_science/armstrong.html (3855 words)

	Edwin Armstrong - MSN Encarta
		Edwin Armstrong (1890-1954), American inventor and electrical engineer who made fundamental contributions to the development of radio communication.
		Edwin Howard Armstrong was born in New York City and educated at Columbia University, where he became professor of electrical engineering in 1936.
		Armstrong developed several electronic circuits and systems that were crucial to the development of radio, including the regenerative circuit and the frequency modulation (FM) radio broadcasting system.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761558066 (178 words)

	Edwin Howard Armstrong
		Armstrong is the most important figure on this list, and one of great engineers of the 20th century.
		Armstrong discovered that the gain of a triode amplifier could be enormously increased by feeding some of the amplifier output back into the input, i.e.
		Armstrong's insight was that an FM signal didn't have to have a narrow range of frequencies.
	world.std.com /~jlr/doom/armstrng.htm (2524 words)

	Edwin Armstrong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Edwin Armstrong was one of the most inventors of the radio era with a that was ahead of his time.
		Armstrong's life is a story about the great inventions he about and the tragedy wherein those inventions' were claimed by others.
		In this state Armstrong committed suicide in by jumping out of his apartment window by what he saw as the failure his invention of FM radio.
	www.freeglossary.com /Edwin_Armstrong (877 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Armstrong, Edwin Howard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Edwin Howard Armstrong was the father of FM radio and the grandfather of radar and a great grandfather of space communication, but he never reaped the full reward of his genius.
		Armstrong made exhaustive measurements to find out how the tube worked and devised a circuit, called the regenerative, or feedback, circuit, that suddenly, in the autumn of 1912, brought in signals with a thousandfold amplification, loud enough to be heard across a room.
		Armstrong's priority was later challenged by De Forest in a monumental series of corporate patent suits, extending more than 14 years, argued twice before the U.S. Supreme Court, and finally ending, in a judicial misunderstanding of the nature of the invention, in favour of De Forest.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/ARMSTRONG_BIO.html (3447 words)

	Edwin Howard Armstrong: FM Inventor
		Armstrong didn't invent frequency modulation--it was known, but it didn't have any commercial or practical advantages evident to those working in the field.
		Armstrong's invention of wideband FM was characterized as a static eliminator, and accordingly would be as impractical as a perpetual motion machine.
		Armstrong first showed his invention to David Sarnoff, his friend at RCA, whose reaction was that it was too big an apparatus, that the receiver would occupy an entire table, and that it was a totally different system, rather than an improvement, which would completely replace the AM equipment being used by the public.
	www.fathom.com /course/10701020/session2.html (1238 words)

	Edwin Armstrong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1937, Edwin Armstrong built a 425-foot radio tower on the Palisades in New Jersey, from which he could see the far tip of Long Island miles away.
		Armstrong had long been dissatisfied with the quality of the AM signal, which is easily upset by the weather and other stations.
		Armstrong fought the case all the way to the Supreme Court, but RCA wont the right to use FM on its own terms.
	www.ce.org /Events/Awards/445.htm (248 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		Edwin Howard Armstrong, the "father of FM radio," was born on December 18, 1890 in New York City.
		Armstrong's single-circuit design provided the key to the continuous-wave transmitter that is at the core of radio operations today.
		Soon after graduation, Armstrong was sent to Paris to serve in World War I. There he came up with his second major invention, the superheterodyne receiver, after he had been put on a project to improve ability to intercept shortwave enemy communications.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/armstrong.html (621 words)

	Edwin Armstrong by Donna Halper
		As Tom Lewis states, this was especially true for Armstrong's invention of the regenerative circuit, because while it certainly had been an asset to early radio, it had one large drawback "...regeneration had created the problem of static, for [Armstrong's] circuit amplified both the radio signal and the interference...
		The Armstrong Foundation is dedicated to making his achievements better known, and expanding upon his research it established an annual award in his name for excellence in broadcasting, and has given grants to support engineering and science students who are doing promising work in telecommunications.
		Edwin Howard Armstrong was definitely one of broadcasting's founding fathers, and he does not deserve to be forgotten.
	www.oldradio.com /archives/people/armstrong.htm (1263 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Edwin Armstrong
		A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which is new, inventive, and...
		FM radio is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity broadcast radio sound.
		Armstrong was the inventor of FM (Modulation of the frequency of the (radio) carrier wave) radio.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Edwin-Armstrong (2451 words)

	Living Legacies
		Armstrong studied the audion for several years, performed extensive measurements, understood and explained its operation (a feat that had eluded the audion’s inventor himself), and set out to find a way to use it to truly amplify radio signals.
		Armstrong was interrogated endlessly during these proceedings about irrelevant details, from his income tax and the size of the rooms in which he gave speeches to why he used Columbia letterhead for some of his communications and whether he had a formal agreement with the University.
		Armstrong was the victim of a world in which, as he eloquently put it, “men substitute words for realities, and then talk about the words.” Next time you turn on your FM radio or your cellular phone, think of that—and of him.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/alumni/Magazine/Spring2002/Armstrong.html (3763 words)

	Radio Hall of Fame - Edwin Armstrong, Pioneer
		Born in 1890, inventor Edwin Howard Armstrong was impressed by the work of Guglielmo Marconi and Lee deForest and took their innovations to a new stage.
		In the 1930s, Armstrong’s efforts to create “staticless radio” led to the invention of wide-band frequency modulation and the development of FM radio.
		Edwin Armstrong was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame in 1990.
	www.radiohof.org /pioneer/edwinarmstrong.html (195 words)

	The Inventor of FM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is the antenna tower of the first-ever FM station, W2XMNF, erected in 1936 and now crowded with satellite dishes and aerials receiving and relaying all manner of television, cellular and microwave signals.
		It was in the basement of another university, Columbia, that Maj. Armstrong (he served in the newly-formed Signal Corps in World War I) pioneered an entirely new form of broadcasting: static-free, crystal-clear, high-fidelity Frequency Modulation.
		David Sarnoff, a twenty-five year friend of Armstrong's and the president of RCA, cut Armstrong off from the only company large enough to give FM the send-up it needed.
	www.wfmu.org /LCD/GreatDJ/armstrong.html (475 words)

	Scientist Profiles/Edwin Armstrong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Edwin Armstrong is the father of the FM radio and could be considered the grandfather of radar.
		In 1912, Armstrong redesigned the radio tube by having the electromagnetic waves go back through the tube over and over to increase the power.
		During World War II, Armstrong showed that by using FM waves to transmit messages, the enemy could not jam the signals.
	www.sciencetrek.net /armstrong.htm (102 words)

	E. H. Armstrong Web Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Armstrong was responsible for the Regenerative Circuit (1912), the Superheterodyne Circuit (1918), the Superregenerative Circuit (1922) and the complete FM System (1933).
		This site does not intend to retell the story of Armstrong's life, that has been done by his contemporaries, such as Lawrence Lessing in his 1956 book "Man of High Fidelity: Edwin H. Armstrong", and more recently, Tom Lewis in his 1991 book "Empire of the Air".
		Were it not for the efforts of Harry W. Houck, Armstrong's one time assistant, friend and associate to the end, most of the material displayed here would have been lost.
	users.erols.com /oldradio (331 words)

	Edwin Armstrong in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		'Edwin Howard Armstrong' (December 18, 1890 – January 31, 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor.
		He also invented the Regenerative circuit (invented while he was a junior in college at Columbia University, and patented 1914), the Super-regenerative circuit (patented 1922), and the Super Heterodyne receiver (patented 1918).
		Between 1922 and 1934, Armstrong found himself embroiled in a patent war, between himself, RCA, and Westinghouse on one side, and De Forest and AT&T on the other.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Edwin_Armstrong (850 words)

	Edwin armstrong - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Start the Edwin armstrong article or add a request for it.
		Look for Edwin armstrong in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Edwin armstrong in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/edwin_armstrong (137 words)

	Edwin Armstrong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Edwin Howard Armstrong (1890 - March_31, 1954) American electrical engineer and inventor.
		Even as the regeneration circuit lawsuit continued, Armstrong created another significant invention: frequency modulation (Which was patented in 1933).
		When I listen to the music of Louis Armstrong and Bill Monroe, I can't help but smile because so much joy is expressed and inspired.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Edwin_Armstrong.html (1691 words)

	Edwin Armstrong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In particular, the regenerative circuit, which Armstrong patented in 1914, was subsequently patented by Lee De Forest in 1916; De Forest then sold the rights to his patent to AT&T.
		A society dedicated to friendship and unity among Armstrongs and associated families, to provide for the preservation of Armstrong artifacts unique to the family, to maintain a library, and to serve as a genealogical and historical record.
		Armstrong circulators are designed for efficient, trouble-free use in residential and commercial hot water heating systems, featuring quiet operating, vibration-free motors that meet NEMA specifications.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Edwin_Armstrong (2180 words)

	20¢ Edwin Armstrong and Frequency Modulator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Born in 1890 in New York City, Edwin H. Armstrong was fascinated by anything mechanical since his early childhood.
		Armstrong later went to Columbia University, where he enrolled in the School of Engineering.
		Armstrong extensively tested the Audion -- to learn precisely how it worked -- and by chance, discovered that in certain configurations, it also acted as a generator of radio waves.
	www.unicover.com /EA1CCEYD.htm (406 words)

	Edwin H. Armstrong
		The tower and its accompanying radio station were built in 1938 at a cost of over $300,000 by Edwin Howard Armstrong, pioneer radio inventor, to demonstrate the superiority of his new system of radio broadcasting—frequency modulation (FM).
		Armstrong was born in New York City in 1890.
		Armstrong, who enjoyed aphorisms, liked to quote defeatists who said, “Static, like the poor, will always be with us.” He proved them wrong.
	www.yonkershistory.org /arms.html (1778 words)

	Info Age - Armstrong Circuit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is a report David Sarnoff filed after testing Edwin Armstrong's breakthrough device, the regenative circuit, at Camp Evans when it was Marconi Belmar Station.
		Edwin Armstrong would make many more excellent advances in radio, not least of which was the FM system.
		Armstrong's receiver are sufficiently convincing to warrant our most careful investigation of this device.
	www.infoage.org /regenrpt.htm (368 words)

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