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	Edwin H. Land
		Edwin Herbert Land (May 7, 1909 - March 1, 1991) was an American scientist and inventor.
		Edwin Land did not finish his studies, but instead set up the Land-Wheelwright Laboratories in 1932 together with his Harvard physics instructor.
		Land however failed to cite earlier work on the concept and was later criticized for that.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ed/Edwin_Land.html (262 words)

	Wikipedia: Edwin H. Land
		Edwin Herbert Land (May 7 1909 - March 1 1991) was an American scientist and inventor.
		Edwin Land did not finish his studies, but instead set up the Land-Wheelwright Laboratories in 1932 together with his Harvard physics instructor.
		Land however failed to cite earlier work on the concept and was later criticized for that.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/e/ed/edwin_h__land.html (282 words)

	Edwin H. Land - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Edwin Herbert Land (May 7 1909 – March 1 1991) was an American scientist and inventor.
		Land then went on to establish the Polaroid Corporation in Boston in 1937 to further develop and produce the sheet polarizers under the Polaroid trademark.
		Edwin Herbert Land died on March 1, 1991 in Cambridge, Massachusetts at the age of 82.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/e/d/w/Edwin_H._Land_a3ad.html (433 words)

	Edwin H. Land Summary
		Land, deciding to leave college to pursue his work at a laboratory in New York City, approached the problem by using many small crystals tightly packed together to produce the effect of one large crystal.
		Edwin was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut to Harry and Helen Land.
		She was disappointed when Land tried, in vain, to explain that they needed to be developed and printed and that she wouldn't be able to view them that evening.
	www.bookrags.com /Edwin_H._Land (3554 words)

	Edwin H. Land - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Edwin was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut to Harry and Helen Land.
		She was disappointed when Land tried, in vain, to explain that they needed to be developed and printed and that she wouldn't be able to view them that evening.
		Edwin Herbert Land died on March 1, 1991 in Cambridge, Massachusetts at the age of 82.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edwin_Land (1295 words)

	Edwin Land/polaroid camera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Edwin Land was a physicist, manufacturing executive, and an inventor.
		Edwin Land founded the Polaroid Corporation in 1937 where he adopted polarized materials for sunglasses, 3-D movies, and for other military use.
		Edwin was remembered for his instant-photo film and cameras.
	www.newton.mec.edu /bigelow/engineering_technology/examples/land/Land.htm (340 words)

	Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient Edwin Herbert Land
		Land was the American inventor and physicist whose one-step process for developing and printing photographs created a revolution in photography - instant photography.
		You can view Edwin Land's patent for the Polaroid camera on the left for the camera that allowed the photographer to remove a developing print after the picture had been snapped.
		In 1960, Edwin Land approached the Henry Dreyfuss design company to collaborate on a camera design, the result of which was the Automatic 100 Land Camera and then Polaroid Swinger camera in 1965.
	www.medaloffreedom.com /EdwinLand.htm (286 words)

	Rethinking the Process of Vision » Edwin Land (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Fundamentally Land found beautifully by experimentation external to the eye that color is seemingly synthesized from a comparison of two “lightness records” or images detected somehow by the eye.
		Land termed this point a “fulcrum” or “balance point” on either side of which the lightness records were compared.
		The mid-band “balance point” that Land found to be at 588 nm corresponds geometrically to light interaction at the ~ 7 1/2 degree concentric ring - the position on the retina that corresponds to the peak of the number of cone/rod appositions and thus mid-band response.
	www.ghuth.com /vision/?cat=11 (7499 words)

	Insisting on the Impossible The Life of Edwin Land
		Land's contributions are surprisingly wide ranging--from being the first to produce materials that could effectively polarize light for the masses, to his self-developing photography inventions
		Land wasn't limited to projects that were strictly for profit or for his country either.
		As a scientist, Land developed a new theory of color vision; as a science advisor to Eisenhower during the Cold War he spearheaded the development of the U-2 spy plane and helped design NASA.
	www.2think.org /land.shtml (1122 words)

	Untitled Document
		Land made significant contributions to national defense policy during the early years of the Cold War through his participation on a number of advisory committees and study panels, including Project Charles and Project Beacon Hill.
		Land and his PSAC intelligence panel continued to review proposals and provide technical oversight for spy-plane and spy-satellite projects, from the Oxcart to Project Corona, until President Nixon abolished PSAC in the early 1970s.
		Edwin Land dedicated himself to improving the technological and political status of reconnaissance measures in the United States and, in this way, contributed to world peace.
	www.cmu.edu /coldwar/mcelheny.html (605 words)

	Welcome to The Rowland Institute at Harvard
		Edwin Land, when a Harvard freshman, conceived the idea that a polarizer might be made by lining up a myriad of tiny crystals (iodoquinine sulphate) in the same direction and embedding them in transparent plastic which, when set, prevented the crystals from drifting apart.
		Suddenly Land and his team were faced with all the difficulties of manufacturing optically high-quality Polaroid on a very large scale.
		Before getting the key, Land had taken the elevator to the sixth floor, walked out of the window and along a ledge on the outside of the building and through another window to gain access to the room containing the electromagnet.
	www.rowland.harvard.edu /organization/land/polaroid.php (1296 words)

	Polarized headlights without glare
		The son of a scrap-metal businessman, Edwin Land invented the sheet polarizer when he was 19 years old.
		At every meeting he is called upon to compromise between looking through the oncoming lights, watching the road center for possible sideswipe, or concentrating on the right edge to avoid the road shoulder, or a pedestrian.
		Before Land's polaroids, others had already realized that polarized light could perform such magic, but no practical material was available.
	www.polarization.com /land/land.html (1273 words)

	Edwin H. Land, UROP Benefactor [Dies]
		Edwin H. Land, the inventor of instant photography whose vision and financial support led to the establishment of MIT's Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP), died March 1 in Cambridge after a long illness.
		Land was a visiting Institute Professor at MIT, a position he had held since 1956.
		Land often participated with students as a supervisor of research and Polaroid was a frequent site for UROP activities." Dr.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/tt/1991/mar06/24362.html (536 words)

	Welcome to The Rowland Institute at Harvard
		Edwin H. Land was born to Harry and Martha Land in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
		Land attended Harvard College and, while still a freshman, set out to find a new way of producing an inexpensive and efficient polarizer which he called Polaroid.
		Edwin Land is survived by his wife, Helen (née Maislen) and two daughters, Jennifer and Valerie.
	www.rowland.org /organization/land/handf.php (322 words)

	Insisting on the Impossible
		Land was seated a few minutes' walk from the attic laboratory where he had worked as a youth on the sheet polarizer, his first great invention.
		Land asserted that the ushers would come from the ranks of great scientists who had arrived at the stage in their careers where bringing the young along was as satisfying as making their own scientific contributions.
		Land did not agree that tutelage should last longer in a civilization as complex as that of the Age of Science.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/m/mcelheny-impossible.html (2732 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		Land used the principle of diffusion transfer to reproduce the image recorded by the camera's lens directly onto a photosensitive surface---which now functioned as both film and photo.
		Land continued to improve his invention: "Polacolor" film made instant color photos possible in 1963; in 1972, the "SX-70" replaced the wet, peel-apart development process with dry films that developed in light.
		Land spent his entire adult life experimenting and innovating in the field of optics, from producing recording systems used by the U.S. in World War II to proposing the "retinex" theory of human color perception.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/land.html (301 words)

	No. 536: Polaroid and Land
		Soon she married Edwin Land, a young physics student who'd been turned on by courses at Norwich College.
		When Land retired in 1982 he was a 73-year-old billionaire with 533 patents to his name.
		Land was a reticent and driven man. Once he said, "Anything worth doing is worth doing to excess." That upsets our ideas about moderation and balance.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi536.htm (449 words)

	Investor's Business Daily: Edwin Land's Polaroid Clicked
		Land is best known for bringing instant photography to the world in 1947, but his exploits go well beyond that.
		Land's optical vectography, or 3-D, imaging technology was used to survey the French coast ahead of the Allied invasion on D-Day in 1944.
		Land was too busy inventing to complete his studies at Harvard, but the university presented Land with an honorary doctorate in 1957.
	www.investors.com /editorial/IBDArticles.asp?artsec=21&issue=20070222&rss=1 (1293 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		Physicist, manufacturing executive, and inventor Edwin Herbert Land developed the first modern polarizers for light, a sequence of subsequent polarizers, and theories and practices for applications of polarized light.
		Born in Connecticut, Land was educated at Norwich Free Academy and Harvard University.
		Land spent nearly all of his life engaged in research and development of optical devices.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/91.html (147 words)

	Edwin Land's Interesting Accident--A 2-Color System
		Edwin Land was an inventor and self-made practitioner of science.
		Land never found a practical way to apply the phenomenon to instant photography, and he ultimately developed Polaroid color film using a conventional three-color system.
		Land's early experiments are reported in a 1957 article in Scientific American.
	www.greatreality.com /Color2Color.htm (567 words)

	AllRefer.com - Edwin Herbert Land, (Business Leaders, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		While at Harvard, Land became interested in the properties and manipulation of polarized light.
		In 1947 he demonstrated a single-step photographic process that enabled pictures to be developed in 60 seconds; a color process was marketed in 1963, and a self-developing positive print followed in 1973.
		In the original Land process, a negative material was exposed inside the camera and then drawn out, while being squeezed against a layer of reagent and a positive material.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Land-Edw.html (382 words)

	11/16/98 A BLURRY PORTRAIT OF A FLAWED GENIUS
		By contrast, after Edwin Land's death in 1991, nobody was able to mine his notebooks: All of his personal papers were systematically destroyed.
		The idea for instant photography popped outof the blue in 1943, while Land was vacationing in Santa Fe, N.M. After he took a snapshot of his 3-year-old daughter, she asked to see the picture on the spot.
		Chapters on Land's later career hold few surprises for businessfolk familiar with his shortcomings as a manager--he held marketing in disdain, for one thing--and the events leading to his fall from grace and resignation in 1982.
	www.businessweek.com /1998/46/b3604089.htm (886 words)

	Edwin Land - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Land, Edwin Herbert (1909-1991), American physicist and inventor, born in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
		Peary, Robert Edwin: land claimed as a result of explorations
		The United States relinquished its claim to land in northern Greenland, based on the explorations of the American explorer Robert Edwin Peary, when...
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Edwin+Land (123 words)

	Biography of Edwin Herbert Land (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The American physicist, inventor, and manufacturer Edwin Herbert Land (1909-1991) was the first to develop successfully a synthetic light-polarizing material and to develop a camera for one-step photography.
		Edwin Land was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut in 1909.
		The great expense of the prism, however, limited its use, and a search was begun for a cheaper means of creating the same effect; most attempts had concentrated on trying to grow very large crystals in the laboratory.
	www.hpsd.net /masspeople/landpg1.htm (144 words)

	The life of many scientists shape the way that people view the world (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Edwin Land was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut in 1909.
		Land’s polarizing sheets used the relationships of polarization linearity to filter light (polarize light) for his many inventions.
		Edwin Land’s polarization sheets convert this un-polarized light into polarized light by the use of dichroism (the phenomenon of anisotropic optical absorption), which means that one component of polarization is more strongly absorbed than the other.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~kwh (1002 words)

	Who Owns The West? Mining Claims in America's West
		Edwin Vancise is one of 92,125 beneficiaries of a 132-year-old federal mining law that gives away precious metals, minerals, and even the title to the land itself for less than $10 an acre.
		Edwin Vancise is one of 63,768 beneficiaries of a long-standing federal subsidy called "patenting" that allows mining interests to purchase public land for no more than $5 an acre.
		Since acquiring title to the land, Edwin Vancise may have mined it, sold it, leased it, or passed it on to heirs or other corporate interests.
	www.ewg.org /mining/owners/overview.php?cust_id=2042229 (404 words)

	EDWIN H. LAND: SCIENCE, AND PUBLIC POLICY
		Land had been a member of the Steering Committee of the Technological Capabilities Panel (TCP), which was a sensitive and highly classified study led by Killian 1954-55, intended to provide President Eisenhower with a comprehensive assessment of the Soviet first-strike nuclear threat to the United States and the U.S. ability to prevent or withstand it.
		In 1960, in commenting on this episode, Dr. Edwin Land said in a commencement address: 'It was not a question of the ineptitude that might be revealed by the truth, or the possible damage that the whole program of negotiation for peace may have suffered...
		The thought and dedication of the Panel members and of Land himself is hardly reflected in dry phrases such as the following that I excerpt from a draft report I provided in 1965 at Din's request, evidently attempting to reflect his leadership and the Panel consensus: "The Panel...
	www.fas.org /rlg/land.htm (2493 words)

	Welcome to The Rowland Institute at Harvard
		EDWIN H. LAND was distinguished for his inventions and contributions in the fields of polarized light, photography and colour vision.
		Land’s achievements spanned the disciplines of art, science, technology and commerce.
		In the field of polarized light, he was responsible for the invention, development and efficient commercial production of the first sheet polarizers, for a sequence of subsequent polarizers, and for the theory and practice of many applications of polarized light.
	www.rowland.harvard.edu /organization/land/index.php (277 words)

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