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Topic: Edwin Montagu

	Edwin Samuel Montagu, 1879-1924
		The second son of international financier and Jewish activist Samuel Montagu (Montagu Samuel), Edwin was elected to Parliament in 1906.
		Edwin championed Indian independence from 1910-1914; in 1918 he toured India, wrote the Report on Indian Constitutional Reforms, and in 1919 he was responsible for the Government of India Act, which provided India with wide powers of self-government.
		Edwin was a strong opponent of Zionism, and as a member of Lloyd George's administration was able to modify the text of the original Balfour Declaration (which, in the end, was instrumental in the creation of the state of Israel).
	www.montaguemillennium.com /familyresearch/h_1924_edwin.htm (421 words)

	Zionism-Israel Information Center Historical Source Documents - Edwin Montagu Memorandum on the Balfour Declaration as ...
		Edwin Montagu was the only Jew in the British cabinet in World War I. The Montagu family was very active in Jewish affairs, and staunchly anti-Zionist.
		Montagu's fear of Zionism was animated, apparently, by the ancient Jewish desire, the desire of all persecuted minorities, not to be "noticed" and not to provide any possible excuse for persecution.
		Montagu organized a major part of British resistance to the The Balfour Declaration, and his opposition, on the largely specious grounds outlined below, was in the main responsible for the gradual dilution of the The Balfour Declaration.
	www.zionism-israel.com /hdoc/Montagu_balfour.htm (1756 words)

	Amazon.com: "Edwin Montagu": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		5 Edwin Montagu, then President of the Union, approached him to speak fourth two weeks later, opposing the motion `that this House welcomes...
		uncle's Liberalism rubbed off on Herbert Samuel, but with him as with other members of the family, notably his cousin Edwin Montagu, his uncle's strict religiosity seems to have jarred.
		So did the president of the Union, Edwin Montagu, who invited Maynard to deliver a speech 'from the paper' a fortnight later.
	amazon.com /phrase/Edwin-Montagu (327 words)

	The American Council For Judaism - Article Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Montagu informed the chief that he had "striven all his life to escape the ghetto," to which he now faced possible relegation as a result of the proposed policy paper.
		Montagu, not wishing to endanger the hard-won status of Jews as an integrated religious community enjoying equal rights and obligations in the countries in which they lived, resented the Zionist effort to convince Jews that they were an "ethnic-racial" group.
		Montagu went so far as to accuse those in the British Government who sought to create a Jewish state in Palestine of anti-Semitism.
	www.acjna.org /article_view.asp?article_id=94 (3743 words)

	Edwin Samuel Montagu -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Montagu entered Parliament as a Liberal in 1906 and became secretary to Herbert Henry Asquith, prime minister of Great Britain from 1908 to 1916 and leader of the Liberal Party.
		The English beauty, wit, letter writer, and eccentric Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was one of the most colorful Englishwomen of her time.
		While still a teenager, he was hired by the New York City publishing house of Harper and Brothers and proceeded to create highly regarded pen-and-ink illustrations for the poetry of Robert Herrick and the works of Oliver Goldsmith and William Shakespeare.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9053469?tocId=9053469 (745 words)

	Sikh History:
		In August 1917, the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Samuel Montagu, made the declaration that the aim of British.
		When Montagu visited India that autumn, Maharaja Bhupinder Singh, ruler of Patiala, met him on behalf of the Sikhs.
		Lord Selborne regretted that they did not have the benefit of these arguments while formulating their recommendations and promised to discuss the case again with his colleagues on the joint Parliamentary Committee, but ultimately nothing tangible came forth and the deputationists returned disappointed.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /events/consreform.htm (487 words)

	Amritsar
		By 1916 the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, was making speeches and evolving policies clearly implying that the post-war settlement would include a strong reform movement towards home-rule and Dominion status for India.
		Edwin Montagu was appalled at the outbreak of rioting, which augured so poorly for his cherished reforms, and became steadily more disquieted as rumours of an atrocity began to leak out.
		With all the fuss, Montagu thought it best to institute a formal Committee of Inquiry, the Hunter Committee, which, given what little Chelmsford was telling him, of what little Chelmsford knew, he expected to exonerate the British.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~ucrassh/Amritsar/Amritsar.html (2744 words)

	David Lloyd George - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Austen Chamberlain (to 1917), and then Edwin Samuel Montagu - Secretary of State for India
		Edwin Samuel Montagu - Secretary of State for India
		1922 - Lord Peel succeeds Edwin Montagu as India Secretary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/David_Lloyd_George (1962 words)

	G. South and Southeast Asia, 1914-1945. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		To forestall serious trouble, and embarrassed by the revelation of maladministration of the Indian forces in Mesopotamia, the British government, through the new secretary of state for India, Edwin Montagu, made an important policy change in August.
		The British government announced a policy of developing self-governing institutions in India, with a view to introducing responsible government.
		Montagu visited India in 1918 and together with Lord Chelmsford worked out a report (April 22, 1918) for limited self-government, presented to Parliament in July, which was denounced by the congress as “disappointing and unsatisfactory” and similarly condemned by the Muslim League.
	www.bartleby.com /67/2432.html (928 words)

	Special Report
		Edwin Montagu was secretary to the British cabinet in 1917 when he argued, as set out above, that the Balfour Declaration, named for Lord Arthur James Balfour, foreign secretary of Britain, would promote anti-Semitism.
		The prescient Montagu perceived that the implication of the Declaration was that the Muslim and Christian Palestinians were to be moved out of Palestine to make room for Jews.
		While Edwin Montagu warned of increased anti-Semitism that might flow from the Balfour Declaration, he could not have imagined the disaster for Jews that developed in Germany a decade and a half later.
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/0596/9605017.htm (2466 words)

	David Lloyd George on the Balfour Declaration
		Montagu urged that the use of the phrase "the home of the Jewish people" would vitally prejudice the position of every Jew elsewhere and expand the argument contained in his Memorandum.
		Montagu urged strong objections to any declaration in which it was stated that Palestine was the "national home" of the Jewish people.
		Montagu surrendered his opposition, and accepted the declaration as a military expedient.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/l-george.html (7648 words)

	Search Results for Montagu - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Montagu, Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of, Marquess of Monthermer
		British first lord of the Admiralty during the American Revolution (1776–81) and the man for whom the sandwich was named.
		Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of, Viscount Hinchingbrooke, Baron Montagu of Saint Neots
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Montagu&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (396 words)

	IsraPundit
		Here is what Weizmann wrote about the likes of Edwin Montagu, a Jewish Minister in His Majesty’s Government.
		They created in Jewish life a tradition, as it were, of active obstructionism which often came to life at critical moments of world and Jewish history.
		In discussing the Balfour Declaration, Weizmann describes the incredible zeal with which Edwin Montagu attempted to throttle the Declaration.
	israpundit.blogspot.com /2003/02/edwin-montagu.html (918 words)

	Rodin's Thoughts, Wither Zionism? excerpts
		Edwin Montagu, the recently appointed Secretary of State for India, had profound misgivings.
		He was the son of Samuel Montagu, with whom Herzl had dealings during the years of 1895-98.
		The overriding consideration for Sir Edwin was his political ambition and his standing in the government.
	www.thinktruth.com /whither_zion.html (4917 words)

	Encyclopedia: Edwin Samuel Montagu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
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		Edwin Samuel Montagu (1879-1924) was a British Liberal polician.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Edwin-Samuel-Montagu (97 words)

	Project South Asia
		Edwin S. Montagu speaks to the House of Commons on the Government of India Bill, 5 June 1919
		MONTAGU: Ultimately, of course, the ministers will arrange their own staffs, but I want them at the moment to take over their departments as going concerns.
		This question of the secretariat, however, is for the Government of India primarily, and nothing else.
	projectsouthasia.sdstate.edu /Docs/history/primarydocs/Political_History/ABKeithDoc046.htm (6325 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Gentile Zionism & the Balfour Declaration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		...Neither Lloyd George nor Balfour could attend the meeting and, as a result, Edwin Montagu was able to deliver a passionate indictment of Zionism as a surrender to anti-Semitism and a successful plea that nothing more should be heard of the proposal until President Wilson's advice had been asked...
		...Moreover, this victory was rapidly followed by a reverse, when a leading assimilated Jew, Edwin Montagu, whose slogan it was that he had been striving all his life to escape from the ghetto, joined Lloyd George's Cabinet...
		...By this time Edwin Montagu was on his way to India, but he had succeeded in his main purpose...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V33I6P33-1.htm (4265 words)

	Satanic Voices : Ancient & Modern - The Unacceptable Face of Zionism
		Taheen Basheer in the introduction to his booklet ‘Edwin Montagu and The Balfour Declaration’ draws our attention to the fact that many prominent and influential Jews at the turn of the century were completely opposed to the Balfour Declaration both in fact and in principle, and that it was contrary to religious Law.
		Significant among the documents made public in the spring of 1966 are three major memoranda presented by the Honourable Edwin Samuel Montagu, son of the First Lord Swaythling and at that time Minister of State for India, concerning his vehement opposition to the proposed declaration.
		Montagu was not only a member of the British Cabinet, but was also a practicing Orthodox Jew and a leading personality amongst British Jewry.
	pages.britishlibrary.net /smb/satvoices/unacceptable.htm (5258 words)

	vivamalta.org - The birth of modern Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Indeed, one of the most prominent opponents was the Jewish cabinet minister Edwin Montagu, like Simon a highly assimilated Jew, but unlike him, one who believed that the idea of the Jewish homeland was a direct threat to the security and acceptance of Jews in Britain and other European countries.
		Montagu saw a threat to his own position; but his stance also had a basis in the motives of some of those who were, to use a term coined by Professor Rose, the "gentile Zionists" of the time.
		With Edwin Montagu and Lord Curzon andshy; partly on the grounds of the impact on the Arab world andshy; as well as on the huge Muslim population in British India andshy; leading the charge against the declaration, it was (somewhat) further diluted.
	www.vivamalta.org /forum/showthread.php?t=1280 (14019 words)

	Jewish Criticism of Zionism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sir Edwin Montagu, the only Jewish member of Lloyd George's cabinet when Great Britain first threw its weight behind Zionism in 1917, was also adamantly opposed to the creation of a Jewish state.
		Montagu based his argument on the fact that both Zionism and anti-Semitism were based on the premise that Jews and non-Jews could not co-exist.
		Montagu's opposition to Zionism was supported by the leading representative bodies of Anglo-Jewry, the Board of Deputies and the Anglo-Jewish Association, and in particular, by Claude Montefibre, David Alexander and Lucien Wolf.
	www.mepc.org /public_asp/journal/9012_corrigan.asp (11194 words)

	Chelmsford, Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 3d Baron and 1st Viscount. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After serving as governor of Queensland and New South Wales in Australia (1905–13), he went to India, becoming viceroy in 1916.
		His regime was noteworthy for the Montagu-Chelmsford Report (1918), produced in collaboration with Edwin Montagu, secretary of state for India, which recommended a large measure of self-government for the Indians.
		The ensuing reforms were limited, however, dividing responsibility so as to make government difficult, and were opposed by Mohandas Gandhi.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/ChelmsfoF.html (184 words)

	Paulin presentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One such story, not at all well known, concerns a member of Lloyd George's cabinet, Edwin Montagu, who was active in opposing the politicians who were working towards the Balfour Declaration.
		In my source -I owe it to Karl Sabbagh who generously gave me access to his archives -Montagu argues vigorously against the declaration which Weizmann and his team had persuaded the British government to issue by arguing that that their views were shared by most British Jews.
		We need to read articles about Edwin Montagu - there should have been a large number last month on the subject of the 87th anniversary of the Balfour Declaration.
	www.monabaker.com /Paulinpresentation.htm (3300 words)

	Silent Running
		Edwin Montagu, Secretary of State for India, led the opposition group within the Cabinet.
		The second son of a successful financier who had been ennobled, Montagu saw Zionism as a threat to the position in British society that he and his family had so recently, and with so much exertion, attained.
		It bothered Montagu that, despite his lack of religious faith, he could not avoid being categorized as a Jew.
	silentrunning.blogspot.com /2002_11_03_silentrunning_archive.html (6331 words)

	The Balfour Declaration November 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In particular, the idea was opposed by Edwin Montagu, who made a bitter attack against the declaration.
		As the document evolved, it was altered, mostly owing to the pressure of Mr Edwin Montagu, an anti-Zionist Jew who had been appointed Secretary of State for India.
		This wording was at least in part, a reflection of Edwin Montagu's conviction, shared by other influential British Jews, that the very existence of a Jewish state would call into question the loyalties of Jews living in other countries and be a source of antisemitic persecution.
	www.johnworldpeace.com /e040314e.htm (3556 words)

	Think-Israel
		Many of these opponents were Jews, and one of the most prominent was Herbert Samuel's cousin, Edwin Montagu, a Cabinet member and friend of Prime Minister Asquith.
		Montagu's active opposition to Zionism had many facets but what seems fundamental was the perceived threat to the status of his class.
		Edwin Montagu (at that time the only Jew in the cabinet) wrote about the pending Declaration in a sneering way:
	www.think-israel.org /balfour1.html (8833 words)

	Winston Churchill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He lost his seat at Dundee to prohibitionist, Edwin Scrymgeour, quipping that he had lost his ministerial office, his seat and his appendix all at once.
		During the General Strike of 1926, Churchill was reported to have suggested that machineguns be used on the striking miners.
		Clementine's mother was Lady Blanche Henrietta Ogilvy, second wife of Sir Henry Montague Hozier and a daughter of the 7th Earl of Airlie.
	www.1bx.com /en/Churchill.htm (8733 words)

	Edwin
		Edwin is the modern English form of Eadwine, an Old English name meaning “Rich Friend,” from “ead” (rich) and “wine” (friend).
		Edwin was an Anglo-Saxon name (borne by a 7th century Christian Northumbrian king).
		It survived the Norman Invasion and lasted until the 13th century.
	www.geocities.com /edgarbook/names/e/edwin.html (73 words)

	SIMON COMMISSION FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The two most important official statements of British policy concerning India were Queen Victoriaâs Royal Proclamation, of 1858, when the crown took control of the East India Companyâs Indian territories, and the statement of Secretary_of_State_for_India, Edwin Montagu (July 17, 1917 - March 19, 1922) to the House_of_Commons on 20 August 1917.
		Two key reasons, given by the British, as to why India was not ready for self-government at the Centre were lack of education {e.g.
		Montagu's 5 June 1919 speech to the House of Commons on the Government of India Bill) and an inability to run the Indian army without British officers who must remain under the control of parliament.
	www.19gmarketinggroup.com /Simon_Commission (7803 words)

	BBC - GCSE Bitesize - History \| India \| The reasons for Indian Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Edwin Montagu was the Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford was the
		Montagu said that India would eventually become independent, but refused to set a date.
		The reforms allowed Indians to control education and public health, but the British kept control of the police, the law courts, law and order, and taxation.
	www.bbc.co.uk /schools/gcsebitesize/history/india/indianindependencerev2.shtml (623 words)

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