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Topic: Eemian

	Eemian sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Eemian sea was a body of water located approximately where the Baltic sea is now during the last or Eemian interglacial, MIS 5e, roughly 130,000 to 115,000 BP.
		Although “Eemian” rightly applies only to the north European glacial system, some scientists use the term in a wider sense to mean any high-level body of water in the last interglacial.
		The salinity of the Eemian sea was comparable to that of the Atlantic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eemian_sea (350 words)

	The Eemian stage in the Netherlands: history, character and new research
		Summarising the knowledge of the Eemian, Van Baren (1927) noticed [in translation by the present authors] 'that little was known of the quantitative as well as the qualitative distribution of molluscs on a vertical (sequential) scale, the presence of foraminifera and diatoms, although already indicated by Harting (1852)'.
		Eemian diatom floras in the Amsterdam glacial basin.
		Micromorphology of the intra-Saalian interglacial pedocomplex and Eemian Rocourt soil in the Belvédère pit (Maastricht, The Netherlands).
	web.inter.nl.net /users/Meijer.T/tm/paginas/ae-pub-eem_BCM.htm (4932 words)

	Eemian interglacial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Eemian interglacial era (known as the Sangamon interglacial in North America, the Ipswichian interglacial in the UK, and the Riss-Würm interglacial in the Alps) is the second-to-latest interglacial era of the Ice Age.
		Changes in orbital parameters from today (greater obliquity and eccentricity, and perihelion), known as the Milankovitch cycle, probably led to greater seasonal temperature variations in the Northern Hemisphere, although global annual means temperatures were probably similar to those of the Holocene.
		The Eemian climate is believed to have been about as stable as the Holocene (see ice core), except probably warmer than.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eemian (542 words)

	Artikel Earliest Occupation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		However, since the known locations of material from Eemian find spots, as those from earlier interglacials, are very few in number, the absence of finds is not a good argument for inferring that migration routes to the Scandinavian peninsula were entirely lacking.
		The claim that the Eemian water basin covering parts of the present-day Baltic may also have had a connection with the Arctic Ocean via Karelia is disputed by new research.
		The mud layers represent the whole of the Eemian Interglacial, whereas the clay bearing mud and the sand were deposited at the beginning of the Weichselian.
	www.doggerland.dk /PUBLIKATIONER/artikelearliesto.html (5205 words)

	A readjusted sea level curve of the Eemian in the Netherlands
		The duration of the Eemian was at that time estimated to be about 10,000 years and on the basis of the counts of annually layered sediments by Müller (1974), a time-scale for the pollen-zones E1 to E4b was established.
		At an early moment during the Eemian interglacial (pollenzone E3) the first 'whiff' of a marine influence in the fresh water environment is shown by the Fragilaria bloom.
		Eemian diatom floras in the glacial basins of the Netherlands.
	web.inter.nl.net /users/Meijer.T/tm/paginas/ae-pub-slevel.htm (836 words)

	Eemian interglacial era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Eemian interglacial era (Sangamon era in North America) is the second-to-latest interglacial era of the Ice age.
		The warmest peak of the Eemian was around 125,000 years ago, when forests reached as far north as North Cape (now tundra) in northern Norway.
		At the peak of the Eemian, the world was generally warmer and wetter than it now is. Trees grew as far north as Baffin Island in the Canadian arctic archipelago, and the prairie-forest boundary in the Great Plains lay further west -- near Lubbock, Texas instead of near Dallas, Texas where it now exists.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/eemian-interglacial-era.html (252 words)

	[No title]
		Over 100,000 years ago, during an interglacial period known as the Eemian, a climate event lasting only several hundred years was chronicled in climate records from the deep-sea sediments of the Atlantic Ocean and from lake sediments of Northern Europe.
		This was cause for concern, as the Eemian was thought to be an excellent analog for modeling future climate change, especially because the Eemian atmospheric CO content may have been slightly higher than preindustrial levels.
		The detailed work on climate records of the Eemian, primarily aimed at testing the validity of the GRIP record, may have accidentally lead to the discovery of a relatively short but climatically significant cooling event within the Eemian.
	www.agu.org /sci_soc/eismaslin.html (1758 words)

	Eemian vs. MIS 5e durations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Eemian interval represents an extended warm period recorded in western European lake pollen records which nominally extends from the base of the penultimate glaciation near 130 ka, to the Méliséy 1 cold event (which is coeval with the C24 stadial cold event in Greenland; Sanchez-Goñi et al., 1999) at ~107 ka.
		The Eemian pollen records document warm deciduous forests over much of western Europe which were abruptly replaced by cold steppic taxa associated with the Méliséy 1 cold event (107 ka).
		However, this prolonged warm interval characteristic of the Eemian was not evident for the entire North Atlantic.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /~peter/Resources/Eemian.5e.html (355 words)

	[No title]
		The general ice core chronology from Antarctica suggests that peak global early Eemian warmth may have been around 130,000-125,000 years ago, with a gradual cooling to more similar-to-present conditions afterwards (the dating of the peak interglacial deposits is subject to considerable error this far back in time).
		During the earliest Eemian, Scandinavea may have been an island cut off by an extended Baltic seaway, judging from the distribution of ancient marine deposits, and this is shown in the map of van Andel & Tzedakis (1996).
		A possible 'cold' phase within the Eemian has been suggested as occurring towards the end of 5e, at about 122,000 y.a., on the basis of pollen records of tree distributions from central and western Europe (Field et al.
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/nercEUROPE.html (6933 words)

	North Greenland reveals gradual, abrupt climate swings
		A new, undisturbed Greenland ice deep-core record going back 123,000 years shows the Eemian period prior to the last glacial period was slightly warmer than the present day before it gradually cooled and sent Earth into an extended deep freeze.
		The transition from the Eemian into the most recent glacial period was slow and gradual, marked by general cooling and deterioration of the climate over several thousand years, according to the study.
		The isotopes in the NGRIP ice and four Greenland ice cores drilled in recent years also indicate while the northern part of the Greenland ice sheet was fairly stable during the Eemian, the ice sheet in southern Greenland may have been dramatically thinner or even nonexistent, said White.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-09/uoca-ngr090704.php (858 words)

	EuroMam Future activities 1997
		Eemian and Weichselian sequences, located just outside this limit, provide excellent possibilities to find continuous sedimentary and climatic records covering the whole Last Interglacial/Glacial cycle.
		Progressive research on the Dutch Eemian sequences in the last decades gave rise for starting in 1996 a project to update and synthesize all available multidisciplinary data.
		I intend to participate in the Eemian meeting Yes/No from 6-11 September 1998 I intend to present a paper/ a poster Yes/No Proposed title of the paper/poster................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
	home.tiscali.nl /euromam/euromam/nieuwsbrief/1997/97future.htm (1040 words)

	Eemian interglacial: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Eemian interglacial era (is analogous Sangamon era in North America A continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama
		The warmest peak of the Eemian was around 125,000 years ago, when forests reached as far north as North Cape North cape is the name of several capes:...
		At the peak of the Eemian, the world was generally warmer and wetter than it now is. Trees grew as far north as Baffin Island The 5th largest island and the largest island of Arctic Canada; lies between Greenland and Hudson Bay
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /e/eemian_interglacial (1275 words)

	Paleoclimatic Data and the Ice Ages
		In this map the warm peaks are interglacial periods which include the Eemian and at the far right, the present Holocene.
		The Interglacial period that began around 130,000 years ago is called the "Eemian." It appears to have begun with rapid global warming (of uncertain duration) that took the earth out of an extreme glacial phase, into conditions that are warmer than today.
		Jonathan Adams states that "Evidence for a single sudden cool event during the Eemian is clearly present in a more solidly dated pollen record from a lake in central Europe studied by Field et al.
	www.atmos.washington.edu /1998Q4/211/project2/moana.htm (1260 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		However, only the Eemian interval, from about 130 to 120 ky BP corresponds to a climate as warm as, or warmer than, today e.g., Figure 2.22.
		Study of an Indonesian fossil coral indicates that ENSO was robust during the last glacial period (Hughen et al., 1999).
		An invasion of cold, low salinity water in the Norwegian Sea (Cortijo et al., 1994) was probably associated with a reduction in warm water transport by the North Atlantic Drift and the thermohaline circulation.
	www.pnl.gov /aisu/pubs/eemw/papers/ipccreports/workinggroup1/075.htm (623 words)

	Relations between catastrophic changes in the benthic ecosystem and late quaternary global climate change, Santa ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is being accomplished by generating quantitative assemblage and stable isotopic data for benthic and planktonic foraminifera at decadal-resolution in several sediment sequences from the margin.
		Studies of the biotic changes during the Eemian have become important because the climatic conditions of the Eemian were warmer than the Holocene and Present, providing an analog for global warming.
		Clearly the response of basinal ventilation during the Eemian was different than that of the Holocene and yet these two interglacial intervals have often been viewed as having similar environmental records.
	nigec.ucdavis.edu /publications/ar/annual98/western/project13.html (2619 words)

	California margin marine ecosystem sensitivity studies in response to global climate change during the Holocene and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is being accomplished by generating quantitative assemblage and stable isotopic data for benthic and planktonic foraminifera at decadal- to centennial-resolution in sediment cores from the margin.
		Studies of the biotic changes during the Eemian are important because Eemian climate was warmer than both the Holocene and Present, providing an analog for global warming.
		Benthic foraminiferal assemblages indicate the basin was well ventilated during the early Eemian and less well ventilated during the late Eemian, opposite of the Holocene.
	nigec.ucdavis.edu /publications/ar/annual99/western/WRKennett0.html (3680 words)

	Eemian NW-Europe and Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The stability of the Eemian climate, the exact timing of the Eemian marine transgression of the Baltic region, and the extent of the Eemian transgression across Arctic Russia and Northern Siberia is studied through the analysis of foraminifera, ostracods, and stable isotopes with the support of palynological, sedimentological, and diatom data.
		Seidenkrantz, M.-S. and Knudsen, K.L., 1997: Eemian Climatic and Hydrographical Instability on a Marine Shelf in Northern Denmark.
		Knudsen, K.L. and Lykke-Andersen, A.-L., 1982: Foraminifera in Late Saalian, Eemian, Early and Middle Weichselian of the Skærumhede I boring.
	www.geo.au.dk /english/research/palaeont/micropal/eem-nw-europe.html (402 words)

	DEKLIM-EEM-Project - Individual Proposals
		The transition from the last interglacial, the Eemian, to the last glacial, The Early Weichselian, is a period of special interest, because it presents a climate change not influenced by human activity.
		Within this project, the palaeoclimate of the transition period from the last interglacial (Eemian) to the last glacial (Early Weichselian) is to be reconstructed by quantitative methods.
		Reconstructions were carried out for two time slices (Corylus- and Carpinus-Phase) within the Eemian, pointing to more oceanic conditions in the earlier phase compared to the latter.
	www.uni-mainz.de /FB/Geo/Geologie/sedi/sites/bonn.htm (736 words)

	Ice age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In between ice ages, there are multi-million year periods of more temperate, almost tropical, climate, but also within the ice ages (or at least within the last one), temperate and severe periods occur.
		The colder periods are called 'glacial periods', the warmer periods 'interglacials', such as the Eemian interglacial era.
		We are in an interglacial period now, the last retreat ending about 10,000 years ago.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ice_age (1992 words)

	[No title]
		Around 130,000-110,000 years ago (the Eemian interglacial), the Earth's climates were generally much like those of today, though somewhat warmer and moister in many regions.
		However, at least one major cold and dry event during the Eemian seems to be corroborated by the terrestrial pollen record from Europe and China (Zhisheng and Porter 1997).
		Though the time at which the Eemian interglacial ended is subject to some uncertainty (it was probably around 110,000 years ago), what does seem evident from the sediment records that cross this boundary is that it was a relatively sudden event and not a gradual slide into colder conditions taking many thousands of years.
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/nerc130k.html (2439 words)

	Sediment Taken by Deep-Sea Drilling Team Offers Clues to Past and Present Climatic Changes
		Most stunningly, the European team said, dramatic frigid spells also occurred during the Eemian, a 10,000-year period between 125,000 and 115,000 years ago, when the earth was as warm as today.
		The research was conducted by Jerry McManus, Gerard Bond, Wallace Broecker, and Sean Higgins, all scientists at Lamont-Doherty, Columbia's earth sciences research center in Palisades, N.Y.; Sigfus Johnsen of the University of Copenhagen's Neils Bohr Institute and the University of Iceland's Science Institute, and Laurent Labeyrie of the CFR Laboratoire mixte CNRS-CEA in France.
		But if the previous interglacial, the Eemian, was also erratic, it raises concerns that our seemingly even-keel climate system of today could also switch suddenly--perhaps pushed into another mode of operation by rising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/record/archives/vol20/vol20_iss7/record2007.33.html (709 words)

	Crystal size variations in Eemian-age ice from the GRIP ice core, Central Greenland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although high-resolution impurity records are available from selected parts of the Eemian ice, the study is not conclusive on which impurities are most effective in slowing grain growth.
		It is shown that the normal grain-growth process, commonly observed in the upper few hundred metres of polar ice sheets, does not yield grain sizes compatible with observed ones at this depth in the ice sheet, even in those parts of the Eemian ice where impurity drag effects are not present.
		The relevance of possible flow disturbances of the GRIP Eemian climatic record for the results presented is discussed briefly.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Publications/Tho1995c_abstract.html (290 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ice core evidence suggests the GIS was much smaller in the Eemian (Koerner, 1989), but modelling studies have attributed only 1 to 2 meters of sea level rise to GIS melt, a result considered consistent with the ice core evidence.
		Here we reconsider the Eemian evolution of the GIS by blending numerical modelling with insights from the recent central Greenland ice core analyses.
		Results suggest that the GIS was considerably smaller and steeper during the Eemian, and plausibly contributed 4 to 5.5 meters to the sea level highstand then.
	igloo.gsfc.nasa.gov /wais/pastmeetings/abstracts00/Cuffey.htm (217 words)

	Independent Study in Paleontology, Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
		The beautifully preserved fossil reefs of the Bahama Islands are ideal for the study of eustatic sea-level change, due in part to their tectonic stability and low, regular subsidence rate.
		This surface was the result of a distinct eustatic regression and transgression; most unusual, as the Eemian was a warm interglacial period, previously thought to be quite stable.
		Allison's summer work on San Salvador Island, the Bahamas, and in Wooster was made possible by a Summer Fellowship award from the Council on Undergraduate Research and a grant from the Henry J. Copeland Funds at The College of Wooster.
	www.wooster.edu /geology/MWIS/Allison.html (467 words)

	STUDIES SUGGEST THAT WARMER CLIMATE IS UNSTABLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Eemian was in the last interglacial period about 115,000-135,000 years ago when the climate was about as warm as climate is expected to become next century (see Greenland ice-core report, July 1993 in The Climate Time Bomb).
		Increased variability of the hydrological cycle thought to be associated with the warmer Eemian climate may have caused transitions between these modes and in turn may account for the apparent rapid variability of the Eemian climate.
		Weaver and Hughes argue that 'If the variability found in the GRIP ice- core data is corroborated then the Eemian interglacial may offer us a glimpse of the type of rapid climate variability which we might expect in a future climate warmed by means of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions'.
	archive.greenpeace.org /climate/database/records/zgpz0265.html (444 words)

	Sudden climate changes in the recent geological record
		The last interglacial (also called the Eemian) has often been seen as a close counterpart of the present interglacial: sea surface temperatures were similar, and sea level was possibly somewhat higher (e.g., Imbrie and Imbrie, 1992).
		Going by the principle that there is a general similarity between these two warm periods, the Eemian has been used to predict the duration of the present interglacial, and also to study the possibility of sudden climate variability occurring within the next few centuries or millennia.
		Whatever the true timescale of the Eemian, what has generated most widespread interest (extending well beyond the usual geological community and into the popular media) is that there are indications of large-scale climate instability in the middle of the Eemian (e.g., Maslin and Tzedakis, 1996).
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/transit.html (14285 words)

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