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Topic: Effective input noise temperature

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	NoiseBuster.net :: NoiseBuster Noise Cancelling Earmuffs for Safety ::
		A new innovation in hearing protection, the NoiseBuster® Active Noise Reduction Safety Earmuff combines superior passive hearing protection (ANSI Certified 26 NRR) with the most advanced active noise reduction ("ANR") technology.
		Noises generated by engines, fans, motors and other similar devices are typically dominated by low frequencies--frequencies that cannot be stopped by passive earmuffs.
		Because low-frequency noise masks speech, it is difficult for a person to hear and comprehend speech and warning signals when exposed to such noise.
	www.noisebuster.net /nb-safety.htm (536 words)

	transmissionII: airborne
		Ambient noise level is the level of acoustic noise existing at a given location, such as in a room, in a compartment, or at a place out of doors.
		Antenna noise temperature is the temperature of a hypothetical resistor at the input of an ideal noise-free receiver that would generate the same output noise power per unit bandwidth as that at the antenna output at a specified frequency.
		In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source.
	www.newmuseum.org /airborne/glossary.html (3952 words)

	Noise figure: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Noise figure Noise figure In telecommunication, noise figure (NF) is the ratio...of the output noise power of a device to the portion thereof attributable to thermal noise in...Termination Termination termination at standard noise temperature (usually 290 K).
		In telecommunication, noise figure (NF) is the ratio of the output noise power of a device to the portion thereof attributable to thermal noise in the input termination[?] at standard noise temperature (usually 290 K).
		In heterodyne systems, output noise power includes spurious contributions from image-frequency transformation, but the portion attributable to thermal noise in the input termination at standard noise temperature includes only that which appears in the output via the principal frequency transformation of the system, and excludes that which appears via the image frequency transformation.
	www.encyclopedian.com /no/Noise-figure.html (302 words)

	TechOnline \| A Time-Domain-Based Technique for Noise Measurements
		This article presents a time-domain-based technique to determine noise factor (or noise temperature) of a device with a low desired output frequency.
		The technique is based on the Y-factor method and sampling of the noise output waveforms for a hot and a cold noise source at the system input.
		Since the Y-factor describes the ratio of hot/cold noise powers, this constant is irrelevant—it appears in both the numerator and denominator of the Y-factor.
	www.techonline.com /learning/techpaper/192200621 (1724 words)

	Night Vision Equipment
		Electronic Noise – also known as Scintillation, is a faint, random, sparkling effect throughout the image area.
		Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) - is a faint hexagonal (honeycomb) pattern throughout the image area that most often occurs under high-light conditions.
		Photocathode - is the input surface to an image intensifier that absorbs light energy and in turn releases electrical energy in the form of an electron image.
	www.nightvisiongear.com /faq.asp (4052 words)

	How Quantization and Thermal Noise Determine an ADC's Effective Noise Figure - Maxim/Dallas
		The following discussion assumes that the noise is flat across the converter's Nyquist band and provides a designer with the means to determine an estimate for the ADC effective noise figure.
		This places the SNR noise level (in dBm) in a 1Hz bandwidth, which can be directly compared to the input noise of the converter, which is the theoretical thermal noise floor limit, KTB.
		The noise density for the oversampled converter is defined in the frequency bandwidth for which the converter is designed, and the SNR is normalized to that particular bandwidth to obtain the spot noise in dBc/Hz.
	www.maxim-ic.com /an1197 (1331 words)

	LM6211 - Low Noise, RRO Operational Amplifier with CMOS Input and 24V Operation
		The LM6211 is a wide bandwidth, low noise op amp with a wide supply voltage range and a low input bias current.
		The LM6211 has a low input bias current of 2.3 pA, an output short circuit current of 25 mA and a slew rate of 5.6 V/us.
		The LM6211 is well suited for low noise applications that require an op amp with very low input bias currents and a large output voltage swing, like active loop-filters for wide-band PLLs.
	www.national.com /pf/LM/LM6211.html (367 words)

	Definition: effective input noise temperature
		effective input noise temperature: The source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source.
		Note: If F is the noise figure numeric and 290 K the standard noise temperature, then the effective noise temperature is given by T
		This HTML version of Telecom Glossary 2K was last generated on Wed May 8 15:36:48 DT 2002.
	www.its.bldrdoc.gov /projects/devglossary/_effective_input_noise_temperature.html (85 words)

	Noise Calibration Systems
		Examples are: receiver noise measurements such as noise figure and effective input noise temperature; calibration of solid state noise sources; evaluation and verification of earth station receivers; and as radiometer reference sources.
		Actual temperature is indicated by a digital readout on the controller front panel.
		The MT155J controller which contains the temperature control circuitry and a digital temperature readout for the thermal termination, the automatic or manual LN fill control circuitry, and the remote noise temperature output switch.
	www.maurymw.com /products/ncsa/noisecalsys/noyzcalsyst.htm (398 words)

	page4
		It should be noted that this is not equal to its noise temperature.
		Using these filters, a receiver whose noise temperature is 1000 °K would be able to detect a 0·1 °K source with a 1:1 measurement S/N ratio in 1 second.
		That the minimum possible Noise Temperature tends to increase with the input signal frequency.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /%7Ejcgl/Scots_Guide/RadCom/part2/page4.html (629 words)

	MTE Corporation - Line/Load Reactors, Line Reactors, Load Reactors- MTE Corporation
		Use our harmonic compensated reactors on either the input or output of an adjustable speed drive/inverter.
		There is no need to derate our "harmonic compensated" reactors for harmonics.
		(L-L) NOTE: The actual effective impedance of the reactor changes with actual fundamental current.
	www.mtecorp.com /lineload.html (250 words)

	[No title]
		Three identical amplifiers each having a spot effective input noise temperature of 125 K and available power gain G, are cascaded.
		The overall spot effective input noise temperature of the cascade is 150 K. a) Find the available power gain G. b) Find the overall available power gain of the system.
		Topics: Operating Noise Figure, Standard Noise Figure A designer requires an amplifier to give and operating spot noise figure of not more than 1.8, when operating with a 160 K noise source.
	netdial.caribe.net /~mteixeir/rpq3s01.doc (485 words)

	EARTHWORKS - Noise Resources
		Typically, noise measurements are taken outside, at a certain distance from or at the property line of the receiver (e.g., a house, hospital, etc.).
		In 2005, Colorado amended its noise rule from a "receptor-based" to a "source-based" standard, requiring noise measurements to be taken 350 feet from the oil and gas noise source.
		The loud, continuous noise during the drilling phase; the loud short-term noises from flaring or hydraulic fracturing; the intermittent whine of poorly maintained pump jacks and other equipment; and the loud or low frequency noise from compressors are common complaints related to oil and gas development.
	earthworksaction.org /noiseresources.cfm (3199 words)

	Temperature (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Effective input noise temperature - In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source.
		Temperature gradient - In atmospheric sciences (meteorology, climatology and related fields), the temperature gradient (typically of air, more generally of any fluid) is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location.
		The temperature gradient is a dimensional quantity expressed in units of degrees (on a particular temperature scale) per unit length.
	meters.vvvvvv3.com /temperature.html (738 words)

	Noise Shootout of 80mm Case Fans-Best Computer Online Store Houston Buy Discount Prices Texas-Directron.com
		The noise levels of these case fans were measured using the same noise meter, in the same lab and by the same method.
		Ambient noise level was measured first and last to ensure that the background noise level remained relatively the same throughout the experiment.
		With temperature control, the speed and thus the noise level of the fan can be controlled in response to the temperature using a temperature sensor placed on the CPU or other spots inside a case.
	www.directron.com /noise.html (2052 words)

	LO Phase Noise Report
		The LO Phase Noise Report displays the effects of mixer LO noise on the system.
		Noise contributions are based on the mixer(s) having symmetrical upper and lower side-band power spectral density characteristics (additional information regarding SysCalc's SSB noise modeling can be found in Mathematical Definitions and Derivations).; therefore, the total mixer noise power is based on twice the equivalent SSB noise power in the bandwidth defined by the system.
		The input noise power is determined by the system bandwidth, source temperature and effective system noise temperature, i.e., KB(Ts+Te).
	www.ardentech.com /WebHelp/Reports/LO_Phase_Noise_Report.htm (1022 words)

	NPC Library: Denver Noise Survey
		For the purposes of defining the common noise descriptors of L10, L50, L90, L99, Lmax, and Leq, assume that figure 11 is a graphical representation of the fluctuating noise levels measured at a short term, nighttime residential site for a total of ten minutes duration.
		Denver can, however, limit noise from a variety of individual sources, both stationary and mobile, and it has been suggested (Vancouver noise survey report) that it is both economically practical and beneficial to the community to adopt legislation that regulates non-motor vehicle sources exceeding the L10 in a community.
		Noise infringing between premises within mixed use PUDs should probably be considered at the time of the establishment of the PUD zone.
	www.nonoise.org /library/denver/survey.htm (7419 words)

	Analog Noise
		To effectively remove noise from DC signals your code must balance averaging time (you can't average forever because an answer is needed eventually, and averaging over a changing signal distorts the result) versus noise reduction.
		Instead of trying to model the input data (which, after all is more or less just a DC signal and really hard to do anything with), model the noise and remove it.
		In the case of the autopilot the biggest source of "noise" is the yawing of the boat induced by wave action.
	www.ganssle.com /articles/anoise.htm (1840 words)

	Capgo - Understanding Noise (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Generally the aim is to maximize the signal to noise ratio by minimizing the noise, maximizing the signal or a combination of both.
		The topic of noise is a big one, but in practice you may never need to deal with the problem because the equipment you are using is effective in removing the noise or there is no significant noise present in you measurement.
		This noise is has a number of components: thermal noise, excess current noise, flicker noise and shot noise.
	www.capgo.com /Resources/Measurement/Noise/Noise.html (1583 words)

	Strain Gauge Input
		Common mode rejection is valuable for voltage input conditioners when the two input leads pass sources of electrical noise that capacitively couple the noise to both leads as a common mode signal.
		As an example, assume a conditioner is designed to accept a 1 volt input and the drift on the output, for a 30 Deg C ambient temperature change, is 1% of the output.
		Lower bandwidths are effective in reducing noise by not allowing it to pass through the conditioner.
	www.wici.com /oem/interest/bridgeinput.htm (852 words)

	Finesse Voltage Regulator Noise!
		By amplifying the noise with an inverting transconductance amplifier with the right amount of gain, the required current sink may be realized.
		The effective emitter resistance is on the order of 0.25 ohms so an emitter resistor near 0.75 ohms is needed for a series-pass 1 ohm resistor.
		The regulator's noise is 330 nV per root-hertz at 100 hertz and the circuit reduces this noise to 20 nV.
	www.wenzel.com /documents/finesse.html (1272 words)

	Low Profile ECL Compatible Logic Noise Filter Module (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This operation will effectively eliminate sources of stray noise pulses and should prove particularly effective in eliminating transients created by cross talk from leading edges of fast rise time pulses.
		The input and output utilize a 100 ohm pulldown resistor to -2V; the output is also loaded with one ECL 10,000 gate.
		Input pulse width is measured at the -1.3V level.
	www.ec2.com /products/digitalmodules/noisefiltermodules/70 (509 words)

	Low Profile T²L Compatible Logic Noise Filter Module (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This operation will effectively eliminate sources of stray noise pulses and should prove particularly effective in eliminating transients created by crosstalk from leading edges of fast rise time pulses.
		These noise filter modules are of hybrid construction utilizing the proven technologies of active integrated circuitry and of passive networks utilizing capacitive, inductive and resistive elements.
		Input pulse width is measure at the +1.5 level.
	www.ec2.com /products/digitalmodules/noisefiltermodules/69/index.html (516 words)

	Managing noise and spurious within complex microwave assemblies
		This means that the input noise of a multiplier block is translated to the output by summing all noise sources present at the effective input, then increasing this noise power by 20*Log (N).
		Noise associated with the flicker noise (1/f noise) in semiconductor devices is important primarily in oscillator design and early stage multiplier chain devices.
		Voltage regulator circuits are usually specified in terms of total noise (~10uVrms) within their bandwidth so to estimate the equivalent noise in a 1 Hz BW simply divide by square root of the regulator output bandwidth.
	rfdesign.com /mag/radio_managing_noise_spurious (2900 words)

	AC Voltage / Current Input
		If the waveshape of the input signal is consistent, the least expensive method of converting the input into a proportional DC signal is through a simple rectifier circuit and filtering out the AC component to create a DC signal proportional to the average value of the input.
		If the waveshape of the input changes and an accurate measurement is required, an RMS converter is required to get a DC signal proportional to the RMS value of the input.
		Signal conditioners that process AC current inputs are almost always a voltage input conditioner that has a resistor connected across its input to convert the current input signal into a proportional AC voltage.
	www.wici.com /oem/interest/acinput.htm (913 words)

	[No title]
		The point to the question is this: assume the input noise level to the pad, wherever it is in the cascade, is greater than thermal noise.
		Where Tout is proportionnal to the avalaible output noise temperature, Tinput is your avalaible input noise temperature, Tatt is the temperature of the attenuator and alpha is the attenuation in magnitude.
		As you can see, the noise generated by an infinite attenuation pad is the full thermal noise, and the noise generated by a pad with infinitely small attenuation is O. And you can also see that the pad attenuate the thermal noise from the source.
	www.rfglobalnet.com /forums/Default.aspx?g=posts&t=2321 (1915 words)

	14. BARRIER DESIGN PROCESS
		Pink noise is a random signal for which the spectrum density, i.e., narrow-band signal, varies as the inverse of frequency.
		Meteorological conditions (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, and cloud cover) should be documented prior to data collection, at a minimum of 15-minute intervals and whenever substantial changes in conditions are observed.
		The electronic noise floor of the acoustic instrumentation system should be established daily by substituting the measurement microphone with a dummy microphone.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /environment/noise/14.htm (3478 words)

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