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Topic: Effective temperature

In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)

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Mickey Rourke

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Hugh Jackman

	Effective Temperature Control for Cement Kiln Off-Gases
		Effective off-gas temperature control without unwanted side effects can be achieved in many cement plants with state-of-the-art evaporative spray technology.
		Gas temperatures have elevated in recent years from as low as 180°C to over 370°C. This is coincident with a higher proportion of "dry" operation kilns.
		Another reason for effective temperature control is that pollution control regulations continue to be tightened.
	www.environmental-center.com /articles/article1097/article1097.htm (1671 words)

	Effect of Thermal Contact Resistance on Effective Contact Temperature Textile Research Journal - Find Articles
		Temperatures at contact interfaces in the absence of thermal contact resistance are defined as substantial ones on the boundary between the skin and the object.
		The maximum non-dimensional temperature change at a receptive site decreases when thermal contact resistance becomes larger, and it corresponds exactly to the usual experience that an object's temperature is felt to be nearer to the body temperature in the presence of thermal contact resistance.
		We propose calling this temperature the "effective contact temperature." It is defined by the initial temperature, thermal contact resistance, and thermal properties of the skin and the object.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4025/is_200410/ai_n9464251 (314 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As the previous chapter demonstrated, it is probably not meaningful to ascribe a single kinetic temperature to a region of a satellite, as the slopes of the IRIS spectra probably indicate the ubiquitous presence of local temperature variations with magnitudes of several tens of degrees.
		Figures 13 and 14 are isotherm plots of the effective temperature as a function of latitude and time of day on the three icy satellites.
		The abovementioned large scatter in effective temperatures on Callisto is perhaps due to the wide range of viewing geometries (which will enhance beaming effects) and the close spacing of the isotherms seen on Fig.
	www.lowell.edu /users/spencer/dissn/globtemp.html (2129 words)

	The effective rotation temperature of the negative glow in nitrogen
		These results show that the effective temperature increases slightly with the pressure and current-strength, and to a much greater extent with the temperature of the furnace surrounding the discharge tube.
		At high temperatures it becomes less than the temperature of the furnance, and an explanation of this surprising behaviour is sought.
		It is concluded that, in this particular case at least, the effective temperature is not identical with the gas temperature though it depends in part on this quantity; it depends also on other factors not yet accounted for in the theory.
	stacks.iop.org /0959-5309/46/436 (290 words)

	Little Klickitat River Watershed Temperature Total Maximum Daily Load (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Effective shade is used as a surrogate measure of heat flux to fulfill the requirements of Section 303(d) for a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for temperature.
		Effective shade is defined as the fraction of incoming solar shortwave radiation above the vegetation and topography that is blocked from reaching the surface of the stream.
		An effective shade of 73% is the average load allocation for all modeled segments on the Little Klickitat River, West Prong, East Prong, and Butler Creek.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /biblio/0203031.html (598 words)

	BessamAire Industrial Cooling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the adiabatic process the dry bulb temperature is reduced while the wet bulb temperature remains constant.
		The effective temperature, resulting from air motion, is reduced.
		Taking into account the air motion, the effective temperature is in the 70's and the working conditions are cool, clean, and comfortable.
	www.bessamaire.com /industri.html (821 words)

	Ch05
		Introduced by Houghton and Yaglou, this measure of heat sensation is defined as the temperature of saturated motionless air that would produce the same sensation of heat or cold as the combination of temperature, humidity, and air motion under consideration.
		For optimal comfort in air-conditioned buildings, the recommended range of effective temperatures is 22.2-23.3 °C (72-74 °F), corresponding to drybulb temperatures of 25.6-26.7 °C (78-80 °F), at 50% relative humidity.
		The inside effective temperature can be reduced using only evaporation in such climates, merely by ensuring a continuous air speed of 0.3 m/s (60 ft/min) over a continuously wet surface.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/80a01e/80A01E05.htm (1023 words)

	Neutrino Transparency Temperature
		In estimating that transparency temperature for neutrinos, Weinberg uses an entropy argument.
		We reason that before the electron-positron annihilation, the temperature for the photons and neutrinos was the same.
		for the effective temperature of the neutrino background.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/astro/neutemp.html (453 words)

	McKAy - Tunneling of a String Through a Potential Barrier
		effective frequency given by the product of the attack frequency and an entropy factor, which is the ratio of the product of normal mode frequencies in the pinned state to those in the activated state.
		The effective temperature is given by the actual temperature above this cross—over, while below it, the effective temperature is given by the ground state energy, calculated using the effective frequency.
		In this case, the lowest frequencies in the entropy factor cancel in pairs, and therefore the effective frequency is greater than that of the lowest normal mode.
	www.sandia.gov /surface_science/pjf/Kabstracts/mckay.html (461 words)

	Eddington's Temperature of Space
		In the first page of this chapter, Eddington computes an effective temperature of 3.18 K, but this has nothing to do with the 2.725 K flbody spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).
		the effective temperature corresponding to this density is 3.18
		Thus the 3.18 K effective temperature of the interstellar radiation field is no more relevant to the CMB than the 300 K effective temperature of interplanetary space near the Earth.
	www.astro.ucla.edu /~wright/Eddington-T0.html (742 words)

	EPA On-line Tools for Site Assessment Calculations--Temperature-dependent Effective Solubility, US EPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The effective solubility calculator has been modified to account for estimated temperature dependence of solubility.
		Background and Data on temperature dependence and Temperature values used in the calculator: Note the discrepancies among published data sets by checking the background data.
		Temperatures of shallow ground water in the U.S
	www.epa.gov /athens/learn2model/part-two/onsite/es-temperature.htm (119 words)

	effective temperature concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		effective temperature concept from the Astronomy knowledge base
		Next temperature: electron temperature Up: temperature Previous temperature: color temperature
		has definition The temperature that a flbody would have which emitted the same amount of energy per unit area as the star does: it is a temperature characteristic of the surface region.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/effectivetemperature.html (72 words)

	Quantum Noise & Effective Noise Temperature (Text)
		This means that in the optical regime, there is more noise associated with the statistics of the arrival of a given flux of optical photons.
		In microwave communication systems, it is the thermal kT noise of the receiver and sky temperature that limits the detection sensitivity.
		In optical systems, it is usually (ideally) the case that it is the basic quantum shot noise that limits the detection sensitivity.
	www.coseti.org /9006-005.htm (282 words)

	Taking Earth's Temperature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Calculate the flbody temperature of earth by entering the expression to the right of the equal sign in equation (6) as a formula in the spreadsheet cell representing earth's effective flbody temperature (D8).
		This is the temperature the earth would be if it were a flbody—which of course it is not.
		For modeling a planet’s temperature, it is the amount of energy absorbed that is of interest.
	www.math.duke.edu /education/prep02/teams/prep-15 (830 words)

	ATM S 211 - Fall 2001
		It's the temperature that would be measured by an infrared thermometer (radiometer) in outer space, pointed at the Earth.
		This effective temperature of 255 K is the temperature the Earth's Surface would have if it didn't have an atmosphere.
		The effective temperature we calculate in this manner is much warmer than the actual temperature of the Earth (288 K), because we made a number of simplifying assumptions.
	www.atmos.washington.edu /2001Q4/211/notes_greenhouse.html (1547 words)

	[No title]
		When pavement temperatures are very low, the amount of deicer used must be so high to work that its use may not be very practical or effective.
		For each deicing chemical, there is a temperature above which the chemicals can be expected to be effective in a practical sense — the effective temperature.
		That doesn’t mean that you can’t use salt below the effective temperature, and at times it may be the smart thing to do (such as when pavement temps are expected to rise), but you do need to be aware of the reduced effectiveness.
	www.saltinstitute.org /snowfighting/winop-resources/ia_dot_20.doc (730 words)

	Photometric Calibrations of the Effective Temperature (ResearchIndex)
		In addition, a new calibration in the Geneva system in terms of T eff, logg and [M/H] is presented.
		Introduction The first paper giving a relation between the effective temperature and a colour index was published by Popper (1959).
		0.2: Effective Temperature Determination Of Eclipsing Binaries - Jordi, Ribas..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /263594.html (189 words)

	Cost-Effective SNMP Temperature Monitoring of Legacy Equipment at Remote Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The SL81 is an excellent choice for serial alarms, on-board contact closure alarms, temperature and humidity sensors, remote serial access and alarm notification.
		Once an alarm condition is detected, from a SNMP temperature sensor for example, a technician can connect to the serial device to diagnose and correct the problem, or shut the device down to prevent damage from overheating.
		SNMP temperature sensing and IP temperature monitoring and notification capabilities protect not only remote operations but also sensitive and expensive equipment.
	www.emediawire.com /releases/2006/2/emw340541.htm (653 words)

	LogTag Temperature Recorder
		has been designed to meet growing demand for cost effective electronic temperature recording solutions.
		Combining state of the art technology, innovative design and high volume manufacturing techniques, the LogTag system provides the most cost effective, high performance temperature data logging system available for today's market.
		's unique external temperature sensor arrangement provides fast reaction time to temperature change.
	www.allqa.com /LogTag.htm (272 words)

	Effective Temperature Determination Of Eclipsing Binaries (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: Effective temperatures and distances of eclipsing binaries computed through Hipparcos trigonometric parallaxes were compared with the photometric determinations.
		The former were based on the radius, the apparent visual magnitude and the bolometric correction of the star, whereas the latter were obtained from standard calibrations using Stromgren or Johnson colour indices.
		@misc{ jordi-effective, author = "C. Jordi and I. Ribas and A. Giménez and J. Torra and E. Oblak", title = "Effective Temperature Determination Of Eclipsing Binaries", url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/207041.html" }
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /207041.html (214 words)

	EPA On-line Tools for Site Assessment Calculations--Temperature-dependent Effective Solubility Background Information, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Temperature dependence in effective solubility is introduced through data on methyl tert-butyl ether (MBTE) and benzene solubilities over the range of 0
		The temperature-dependent effective solubility calculator still uses the assumptions concerning Raoult's law as used in the original calculator:
		Other sources of chemical data can be found on the ERD chemical properties page.
	www.epa.gov /athens/learn2model/part-two/onsite/es-background.htm (552 words)

	Catalogue: J/A+A/391/1039/table2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		J/A+A/391/1039 Effective temperature of metal-poor A-type stars (Kinman+, 2002) ================================================================================ The determination of Teff for metal-poor A-type stars using V and 2MASS J, H and K magnitudes Kinman T., Castelli F.
		Transformations (adapted from Carpenter, 2001AJ....121.2851C) are used to change colours derived from the 2MASS data to the Johnson system.
		This file × table2.dat 68 351 Effective temperatures and Johnson-Glass colours for blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars ×; table3.dat 93 401 Effective Temperatures and Johnson-Glass colours for blue metal poor (BMP) stars with logg=4.0 or 4.5
	vizier.u-strasbg.fr /cgi-bin/Cat?J/A+A/391/1039/table2 (376 words)

	Stellar effective temperatures and angular diameters determined by the infrared flux method (IRFM): revisions using ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Stellar effective temperatures and angular diameters determined by the infrared flux method (IRFM): revisions using improved Kurucz LTE stellar atmospheres
		The stars have not been detected to be spectroscopic binaries For table10, temperature = 8825 - 2548(V-K) + 343.9(V-K)^2, where V-K has been corrected for interstellar extinction.
		Comparison of IRFM effective temperatures with 'adopted' temperatures of Bell and Gustafsson
	www.cs.wisc.edu /niagara/data/nasa/A+A_282_899.xml (277 words)

	Quantum Noise & Effective Noise Temperature (Graph) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This graph shows how the effective noise temperature for optical heterodyne receivers is much greater than for their microwave counterparts.
		This is one of the reasons some MSETI researchers use to justify their objections to the microwave approach.
		However, the much higher gains of optical uplinks more than makes up for the higher noise temperatures of optical receivers.
	www.coseti.org /9006-016.htm (66 words)

	A new parameterization of the effective temperature for L band radiometry
		A new parameterization of the effective temperature for L band radiometry
		An accurate value of the effective temperature is critical for soil emissivity retrieval, and hence soil moisture content retrieval, from passive microwave observations.
		Computation of the effective temperature needs fine profile measurements of soil temperature and soil moisture.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2006/2006GL025724.shtml (332 words)

	SERIES SD Controllers from Watlow Provide Accurate, Reliable, and Cost Effective Temperature Control - Watlow Electric ...
		These controllers provide an exceptional value to processors through their accuracy and performance in a broad range of applications in temperature and process control.
		The SERIES SD family of PID temperature controllers offer enhanced accuracy, an improved user interface display, faster update rates and expanded I/O capability.
		The outputs can be programmed for temperature control or to operate as process or deviation alarms.
	www.watlow.com /news/newsdetail.cfm?id=10148 (525 words)

	Effective Debye temperature
		The effective Debye temperature for high temperatures is obtained, which is valid with no limitation on the magnitude of the impurity-host force constant.
		The changes in the force constants between impurity and host atoms in the case of a
		Fe nucleus as a dilute impurity in various host lattices are estimated using the effective Debye temperature.
	stacks.iop.org /0305-4608/5/1466 (241 words)

	Find in a Library: Incident-energy dependence of the effective temperature in heavy-ion collisions
		Find in a Library: Incident-energy dependence of the effective temperature in heavy-ion collisions
		Incident-energy dependence of the effective temperature in heavy-ion collisions
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/d57e04988cc41913a19afeb4da09e526.html (58 words)

	Effective Temperature Control for Cement Kiln Off-Gases
		Figure 1: Evaporative spray cooling applications for the dry process
		Figure 2: Typical dust precipitator - resistivity vs. temperature
		Figure 3: Typical impact of temperature and % moisture on resistivity
	www.cheresources.com /cementkiln.shtml (1705 words)

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