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Topic: Effector cell

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	Point Therapeutics
		DPP 8 and DPP 9 reside within the cell, and Point's preclinical research has indicated that these DPPs are likely to be involved in the induction of IL-1β by talabostat in monocytes and macrophages, which are naturally occurring immune effector cell types involved in the body’s anti-tumor attack.
		This mechanism is called ADCC because, unless bridged to the tumor by rituximab, the immune effector cells are much less able to kill the tumor cells.
		Talabostat appears, therefore, to have the ability to increase both the frequency and activity of immune effector cells involved in the ADCC mechanism of rituximab.
	www.pther.com /oncol/preclinicalScience.html (772 words)

	Effector cell mediated cytotoxicity measured by intracellular Granzyme B release in HIV infected subjects
		Effector cells (PBMC isolated from HIV patients and normal controls) are stimulated with PMA (25 ng/ml) and calcium ionophore (50ng/ml), and rIL-2 (20U/ml) are incubated at 37°C, 5% CO for a period of 7 days for CTL induction.
		Annexin V/7-ADD expression reflected cell death among the PKH67 stained target cells and the percentage of effector cells stained with PE conjugated anti Granzyme B reflected the increased cytotoxic activity as the ratio of effector to target cells increases.
		PBMC effector cells and the PKH67 labelled target cells are mixed at E:T ratios of 1:1, 10:1, 25:1, and 50:1 (shown in table 1) and incubated together at 37°C, 5% CO for 4 hours.
	www.biologicalprocedures.com /bpo/arts/1/60/m60.htm (4112 words)

	Yale Immunobiology Faculty (Bottomly)
		The type of effector CD4 T lymphocyte activated during an immune response determines the potency of the protective response to pathogens.
		Effector CD4 T cells can be divided into 2 major types (Th1 or Th2 cells) based on both differences in cytokine production and in function.
		These results suggest that the presentation of the pathogen by antigen presenting cells which is dependent on whether the pathogen resides within the cell or has been taken up by endocytosis may signal the resting CD4 T cell as to what type of effector cell to become.
	info.med.yale.edu /immuno/fac_bottomly.html (287 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Autonomic nervous system
		The preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are situated in the brain stem (cranial parasympathetic) and in the sacral spinal cord (sacral parasympathetic).
		Sympathetic Afferent Fibers, whose cells of origin lie in the superior or inferior ganglion of the trunk, are supposed to terminate in the dorsal nucleus.
		Axons from its cells are supposed to descend in the spinal cord to terminate about cell bodies of the preganglionic fibers located in the dorsolateral portion of the anterior column of the thoracic and upper lumbar region.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system (2986 words)

	Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
		As the expansion phase of the CD4 effector response wanes, cells with characteristics of memory cells remain, suggesting that the decline of costimulation and growth factors might be a key signal for generation of memory cells.
		CD62L- effectors also distribute throughout the body and give rise to memory cells that persist in nonlymphoid sites where they may provide a first-line of defense in sites of reexposure to antigen and be instrumental in marshalling new recruits from the memory population that resides in the lymphoid compartment.
		The results reveal that adaptive regulatory CD4 cells may have the potential to be used as a cell-based therapy and suggest that one mechanism by which they may contribute to of control diabetes is by preventing relocation of autoaggressive Th1 cells from the lymphoid compartment to the pancreatic islets.
	www.skcc.org /bradley.html (2026 words)

	effector cell
		A cell that performs a specific function in response to a stimulus; usually used to describe cells in the immune system.
		effector cell :...effector cell : A cell that performs a specific function in response to a stimulus; usually used to describe cells in the immune system.
		Cancer.gov...functional integrity and anti-fungal activity of phagocytic cells (neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages), and nonphagocytic effector cells (natural killer...
	www.cancer-help.org /cancer/0604/effector_cell.html (455 words)

	T-CMI
		Antigen activation of T cells occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs: Peyer's patches or tonsils for pathogens infecting mucosal tissues (respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts), draining lymph nodes for pathogens in the peripheral tissues, and the spleen for pathogens which are in the blood.
		Even if a T cell specific for a peptide were to encounter an APC with that peptide on the correct MHC, the probability of those molecules being close enough on both cell surfaces for binding to occur would be very small.
		B cell activation and effector functions are described in Humoral Immunity.
	microvet.arizona.edu /Courses/MIC419/Tutorials/TCMI.html (4595 words)

	Complexity Digest - A Mathematical Model Of The Effector Cell Response To Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A Mathematical Model Of The Effector Cell Response To Cancer, Math.
		The model focuses on the progression of a tumor due to its growth rate, and the growth rate, carrying capacity, and cytolytic activity of the effector cells.
		In addition, the mathematical analysis may be extended to include the impact of immunosuppressive factors on the effector-cell/tumor-cell interaction or be used to quantify the extent of immunosuppression on the effector function.
	www.comdig.org /article.php?id_article=18664 (161 words)

	CD4 Effector T Cell Subsets in the Response to Influenza: Heterogeneity, Migration, and Function -- Román et al. ...
		the cells in 80% percoll, overlaid with 40% percoll.
		cells are reencountering antigen and/or cytokines in the lung.
		At day 6, donor cells in spleen, a pool of nondraining (pLN), MLN, lung, and BAL were analyzed for their capacity to produce cytokines in vitro after restimulation with and without PMA and Ionomycin for 4 h in the presence of BFA for the last 2 h.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/196/7/957 (7780 words)

	Effector cell: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Effector cells are a type of Lymphocyte Lymphocyte quick summary:
		A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell involved in the human bodys immune system....
		(they are stimulated to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells and memory cells.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ef/effector_cell.htm (100 words)

	COLLABORATIONS [Effector Cell Institute, Inc.]
		Effector Cell Institute, Inc. (ECI) concluded a collaboration contract with AstraZeneca PLC.
		Effector Cell Insrituge, Inc. (ECI) received an up front fee and a license fee for each year as well as the exclusive commercialization right of a constant diagnostic method developed by this collaboration during the three years for term of the contract team.
		With aim at disease prevention and treatment that recognizes a patient individuality, the TAXIScan technology of ECI can observe activity of a living cell of the patient, and hence function and phenotype of the patient’s cells directly.
	www.effectorcell.co.jp /english/technology/collaborations/astrazeneca.php (247 words)

	A transgenic mouse model to analyze CD8+ effector T cell differentiation in vivo -- Manjunath et al. 96 (24): 13932 -- ...
		cells up-regulated the pro-apoptotic molecule, Fas-L, and down-regulated
		One of the mechanisms of effector T cell-induced target cell killing is induction of apoptosis via the Fas pathway (13).
		of cells in vitro with lectins or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate,
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/24/13932 (4538 words)

	Stable T-Cell Population Expressing an Effector Cell Surface Phenotype in the Lungs of Mice Chronically Infected with ...
		Stable T-Cell Population Expressing an Effector Cell Surface Phenotype in the Lungs of Mice Chronically Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Junqueira-Kipnis et al.
		Stable T-Cell Population Expressing an Effector Cell Surface Phenotype in the Lungs of Mice Chronically Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
		T cells from effector to memory would be unlikely in a situation
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/1/570 (2142 words)

	Department of Cell Biology - Harvard Medical School
		Using both experimental and computational approaches, they found surprisingly that different cells could use a common set of effector proteins yet still show dramatically different responses to cytokines, viruses, and anticaner drugs (Nature 448:604 (2007)).
		The results suggest that cells predominantly differ in the way that their intracellular signals are activated, rather than how these signals are interpreted via effector proteins to control cellular outcomes.
		Bruce Spiegelman, Professor of Cell Biology, and colleagues have shown that nearly all of the effects of AMPK on muscle gene expression, including mitochondrial genes and Glut4, are dependent genetically on PGC-1α (Jager S, Handschin C, St-Pierre J, Spiegelman BM.
	cellbio.med.harvard.edu (269 words)

	Innate Immunity Together with Duration of Antigen Persistence Regulate Effector T Cell Induction -- Storni et al. 171 ...
		LN cells pooled from three mice per group were used for the analysis.
		The dynamics of T cell receptor signaling: complex orchestration and the key roles of tempo and cooperation.
		Differentiation of naive CTL to effector and memory CTL: correlation of effector function with phenotype and cell division.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/171/2/795 (5213 words)

	Effector cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Effector cells are a type of lymphocyte that are actively engaged in secreting antibodies.
		The clonal selection theory stipulates that when naïve cells encounter antigens for the first time, they are stimulated to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells and memory cells.
		This page was last modified 20:04, 21 May 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Effector_cell (78 words)

	Mechanism of Reduced T-Cell Effector Functions and Class-Switched Antibody Responses to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in ...
		cells in B7KO mice was adversely affected by lack of B7 costimulation.
		Human B cell proliferation and Ig secretion induced by recombinant CD40 ligand are modulated by soluble cytokines.
		Stimulation of the B cell receptor, CD86 (B7-2), and the beta 2-adrenergic receptor modulates the level of IgG1 and IgE produced per B cell.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/77/4/2426 (5671 words)

	Cell Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cell's Leading Edge highlights not only the most exciting research advances in biology but also the social, political, economic, and ethical concerns surrounding biomedical research worldwide.
		In keeping with Cell's emphasis on the complete story, Leading Edge article formats allow leading scientists and policy makers to present in-depth, thought-provoking evaluations of important research trends and science policies.
		Cell launches a new feature inviting thoughtful comments from our readers on a highlighted article in each issue.
	www.cell.com (588 words)

	Survivin And Effector Cell Protease Receptor-1 (EPR-1) Antibodies,
		Survivin And Effector Cell Protease Receptor-1 (EPR-1) Antibodies,
		It has the property of oncofetal antigens: highly expressed in less-differentiated embryonic cells or rapidly dividing tumor cell but not in fully differentiated adult tissues.
		Survivin is expressed in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
	www.4adi.com /flr/survivin.html (613 words)

	Attenuation of Th1 Effector Cell Responses and Susceptibility to Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Histamine ...
		Secor VH, Secor WE, Gutekunst CA, Brown MA: Mast cells are essential for early onset and severe disease in a murine model of multiple sclerosis.
		Friend DS, Gurish MF, Austen KF, Hunt J, Stevens RL: Senescent jejunal mast cells and eosinophils in the mouse preferentially translocate to the spleen and draining lymph node, respectively, during the recovery phase of helminth infection.
		Hofstetter HH, Shive CL, Forsthuber TG: Pertussis toxin modulates the immune response to neuroantigens injected in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant: induction of Th1 cells and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the presence of high frequencies of Th2 cells.
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/164/3/883 (5093 words)

	t : on Medical Dictionary Online
		T Cell Antigen Receptor alpha Chain Gene Rearrangement
		T Cell Antigen Receptor delta Chain Gene Rearrangement
		T Cell Antigen Receptor gamma Chain Gene Rearrangement
	www.online-medical-dictionary.org /t.asp?q=~t (190 words)

	Macrophages as Effector Cells in Interleukin 12-induced T Cell-dependent Tumor Rejection -- Tsung et al. 62 (17): 5069 ...
		Macrophages as Effector Cells in Interleukin 12-induced T Cell-dependent Tumor Rejection -- Tsung et al.
		The purity of the isolated cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.
		effector cells were harvested and washed twice with medium.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/62/17/5069 (5590 words)

	Human Effector cell Protease Receptor-1 (EPR-1) Antibodies
		Survivin (human 142 aa, ~16.5 kDa) is highly expressed in less-differentiated embryonic cells or rapidly dividing tumor cell but not in fully differentiated adult tissues.
		Interestingly, Survivin coding strand has significant sequence homology with Effector cell Protease Receptor-1 (EPR-1) suggesting a potential for functional interaction between these two proteins.
		EPR-1 is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.
	www.4adi.com /data/aging/epr11.html (602 words)

	Human Effector cell Protease Receptor-1 (EPR-1) Antibodies,
		It acts on leukocytes, endothelium and smooth muscle cells triggering complex pathways of intracellular signaling.
		Survivin and EPR-1 are encoded by structurally and topographically distinct messages from potentially originating from gene cluster at chromosome 17q25.
		Overexpression of EPR-1 increased apoptosis and inhibited growth of transformed cells.
	www.4adi.com /data/apoptosis/epr11.html (479 words)

	Tc1 and Tc2 Effector Cell Therapy Elicit Long-Term Tumor Immunity by Contrasting Mechanisms That Result in ...
		Tc1 and Tc2 Effector Cell Therapy Elicit Long-Term Tumor Immunity by Contrasting Mechanisms That Result in Complementary Endogenous Type 1 Antitumor Responses -- Dobrzanski et al.
		effector cell therapies were dependent in part on recipient-derived
		Tc1 and Tc2 effector cell immunotherapy mediate long-term tumor
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/abstract/172/3/1380 (501 words)

	Attenuation of Th1 Effector Cell Responses and Susceptibility to Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Histamine ...
		Attenuation of Th1 Effector Cell Responses and Susceptibility to Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Histamine H2 Receptor Knockout Mice Is Due to Dysregulation of Cytokine Production by Antigen-Presenting Cells -- Teuscher et al.
		Attenuation of Th1 Effector Cell Responses and Susceptibility to Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Histamine H
		a significant inhibition of Th1 effector cell responses.
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/abstract/164/3/883 (524 words)

	FcR gamma chain deletion results in pleiotrophic effector cell defects. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		FcR gamma chain deletion results in pleiotrophic effector cell defects.
		The gamma subunit of immunoglobulin Fc receptors is an essential component of the high-affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RIII) and is associated with the high-affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI) and the T cell recepetor-CD3 complex.
		However, loss of gamma chain does not appear to perturb T cell development, since both thymic and peripheral T cell populations appear normal.
	www.bioscience.org /knockout/ref/takai.htm (167 words)

	Effector Cell Protease Receptor-1 EPR-1 Antibody Search - Biocompare
		Effector Cell Protease Receptor-1 EPR-1 Antibody Search - Biocompare
		Anti-Human Effector Cell Protease Receptor-1 (EPR-1) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated
		Antibody Products: Effector Cell Protease Receptor-1 (EPR-1) (clear filter)
	www.biocompare.com /itemdetails.asp?itemid=182418&catid=3194 (132 words)

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