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Topic: Efflorescence

	Efflorescence (Causes, Preventions, Repair) - VSeal
		The problem of efflorescence, or the deposit of water-soluble salts on the surfaces of masonry, stucco or concrete, is an old one, and one that has been studied and reported on as early as 1877.
		Efflorescence derived from complex vanadium compounds contained in the clay used in brick manufacture is not uncommon in the southwestern part of the United States.
		Efflorescence in the form of alkali chlorides and sulfates is formed when the structure is surrounded, exposed, or in contact with salt-bearing water or soil and appears as columnar or whisker-like crystals.
	www.vseal.com /surfacedefects/efflorescence.php (1195 words)

	Patio Care - Efflorescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The efflorescence itself is then, over a period of time, either converted back to soluble salts and washed away by rain or simply disappears through the action of trafficking, snow or ice.
		Efflorescence may be removed with a proprietary brand patio cleaner, but be sure to follow all manufacturer's instructions as incorrect cleaning can result in damage and discolouration of the paving surface.
		Efflorescence may reappear if there is free lime within the paving or if the pores have not yet been blocked.
	www.bradstone.com /garden/Technical/Patio_Care/efflorescence.shtml (401 words)

	Contractor’s Guide to Efflorescence By Doug Bannister
		Efflorescence is the white powdery substance on the surfaces of unsealed concrete and the white blush seen with sealed floors.
		Primary efflorescence is caused by the water in the concrete evaporating from the slab leaving behind the soluble salts on the concrete surface.
		Efflorescence reducing measures are: site surface drainage; a well graded concrete mix with a water reducer to minimize paste; concrete not exceeding a 4” slump; that the concrete be well consolidated (one man vibratory screeds do a great job); placed directly on a vapor retarder and cured in some fashion.
	www.concretenetwork.com /doug_bannister/efflorescence.htm (3312 words)

	* Efflorescence - (Home): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence is a white crystalline or powdery, often fluffy/fuzzy deposit on the surface of masonry materials like concrete, brick, clay tile, etc...
		Efflorescence: A white powder on the surface of walls due to evaporation of water.
		Efflorescence - Is a white fluffy surface deposit that is caused by salts in the plaster being drawn to the surface.
	www.bestknows.com /home/efflorescence.html (547 words)

	DEFY The Elements, Waterproofing for decks, log homes, brick and concrete structures. - wood stain, deck stain, ...
		Efflorescence is a crystalline deposit of water-soluble salts (usually white) on the surface of masonry.
		Efflorescence that persists in masonry walls and chimneys generally means that excess moisture is entering the system and (if not remedied) is a precursor to more serious damage.
		Efflorescence producing salts are usually sulfates of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and occasionally iron and/or carbonates of sodium, potassium, and calcium.
	www.saversystems.com /articles/efflores.htm (350 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence is a crystalline deposit of water-soluble salts on the surface of brick masonry.
		Although efflorescence is unsightly and a nuisance to remove, it is usually not harmful to the brick masonry.
		Efflorescence is usually white in color; however, all white stains on brick masonry are not necessarily efflorescence.
	www.bia.org /BIA/technotes/t23.htm (3835 words)

	Efflorescence: Common Causes And Preventative Measures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence is a crystaline deposit on surfaces of masonry, stucco or concrete.
		Efflorescence has been a problem for many years, and is a topic of much controversy.
		The mechanics by which efflorescing salts are carried to the surface of structures by moisture and capillary action through porous materials, is understood.
	www.claytonsonline.com /readymix/efflorescence.asp (1448 words)

	Guide: Efflorescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence is a deposit, usually white in color, on a concrete surface.
		Efflorescence is caused by the movement of soluble salts from within the concrete to the surface.
		Efflorescence is the visible white dusting that appears on the surface of concrete during hydration.
	www.solomoncolors.com /gefflorescence.htm (347 words)

	Welcome to Old Virginia Brick - Efflorescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence is a crystalline salt deposit on the surface and in the pores of concrete, masonry, and other building products.
		The most important solution to solving efflorescence in a veneer wall is finding, locating, and dealing with the source of water that is seeping behind the finished wall.
		Efflorescing salts are water soluble, and generally will disappear on their own with normal weathering as the free salts dissipate from their source.
	www.oldvirginiabrick.com /technical/efflorescence.html (491 words)

	23a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		An understanding of the nature and mechanisms of efflorescence, as well as the possible sources of soluble salts and moisture, is essential to the prevention of efflorescence.
		The tendencies of cement toward efflorescence may be predicted with reasonable accuracy from a chemical analysis of the cement.
		As previously stated, one of the necessary conditions for the occurrence of efflorescence is the presence of moisture in the wall assembly.
	www.bia.org /BIA/technotes/t23a.htm (2972 words)

	#33 Efflorescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence is a calcium or alkaline salt which forms as a blotchy, powdery or crystalline deposit on the surface of masonry walls and concrete products.
		It is due to moisture entering through the walls or the surface of the Cast Stone, combining with the calcium hydroxide in the cement, and bringing the hydroxide to the surface in a solution which forms crystals when it combines with the carbon dioxide in the air.
		Efflorescence is unsightly and is usually a source of disagreement between builders and architects as to why it occurs and what should be done about it when it appears.
	www.caststone.org /33.html (447 words)

	Vinyl Window Specialist - Efflorescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence is a crystalline deposit on surfaces of masonry, stucco or concrete.
		The reports agree that efflorescence originates from more than one source and may be comprised of more than one or two compounds.
		It has been found that, when efflorescence is caused by soluble alkali salts, the salts will dissolve in water applied to the surface and migrate back into it.
	www.vinylwindowspecialist.com /info4.cfm (1566 words)

	SMA offers information on efflorescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence is the crystalline deposit, usually white, that may develop on the surface of integrally colored exterior Portland cement plaster finishes.
		Efflorescence typically occurs right after the completion of the building project, but this is not a definite rule.
		Efflorescence can occur and reoccur at anytime as long as the conditions for its manifestation are not eliminated or reduced from the exterior wall in question.
	www.stuccomfgassoc.com /papers/PRefflo.html (258 words)

	Brick Walls and Brickwork - Efflorescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence is a powdery deposit of salts which forms on the surface of bricks and mortar.
		The amount of efflorescence that occurs is directly related to the amount of water in the bricks, and their drying time.
		Efflorescence can be minimised by laying dry bricks and by speeding up the drying process after the bricks have been laid by providing good ventilation.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1398 (373 words)

	RainGuard - Water Proofing Systems
		Efflorescence is a deposit of soluble salts, usually white in color, which sometimes appears on the surface of masonry or concrete construction.
		Often efflorescence is apparent just after the structure is completed, when the builder, architect and owner are most concerned with the appearance of the new structure.
		Efflorescence is particularly affected by temperature, wind and humidity.
	www.rainguard.com /EfflorescenceSimpleSolution.htm (544 words)

	Masonry Institute of Maryland
		It is a substance called "efflorescence" which is a deposit of soluble salts and bases, usually white in color, that sometimes appears on the surfaces of masonry or concrete construction.
		If the efflorescence is essentially uniform throughout the exterior facade, it indicates normal water loss from the materials and the building.
		Generally, if efflorescence is the main concern regarding masonry surface discoloration, the masonry walls should be allowed to cure and then the salts should be removed.
	www.masonryinstituteofmd.org /faq/faq.htm (622 words)

	Tech100
		Efflorescence is the manifestation of a process: water dissolves salts present within a substrate, this salt solution migrates to the substrate's surface, and a salt deposit remains after the water evaporates.
		The appearance of efflorescence on a surface is a latent defect created by a problem within the substrate and/or other forces acting on that substrate.
		When coatings are required on surfaces where efflorescence has been treated, there remains the possibility that entrapped or hidden moisture may cause the efflorescence to reappear and cause paint failure.
	www.pdca.org /present/tech100.html (1728 words)

	Clarifying the Haze, Efflorescence on Works of Art
		In some cases, the ratios of these fatty acids in the efflorescence are so close to those in the oils that it suggests that they have arisen exclusively by release from the paint medium itself (6).
		Paraffinic wax efflorescence was present on several Charles Russell wax sculptures depicting animals and scenes typical of the old West, from the collection of the Amon Carter Museum and the Buffalo Bill Historical Center.
		The dependence of Tg on the type and proportion of pigment may account for certain cases of localized efflorescence that are difficult to explain in terms solely of the chemical interactions between pigment and fatty acid.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /waac/wn/wn20/wn20-1/wn20-108.html (4937 words)

	Paving Expert - AJ McCormack & Son - Efflorescence
		Efflorescence is seemingly endemic with all types of concrete paving and while its presence on a recently laid patio or driveway can disappoint the homeowner, they sometimes feel that the usual disclaimer from the manufacturers "efflorescence is a naturally occuring phenomenon...
		The extent of any efflorescence is largely determined by the presence of more or less of these key ingredients, and certain atmospheric conditions that can speed up or slow down the chemical reactions involved.
		Efflorescence is notorious for affecting one block but none of the neighbouring blocks, which suggests the problems stems more from the manufacturing than the laying
	www.pavingexpert.com /eff01.htm (3647 words)

	What is Efflorescence on Masonry Surfaces? Causes and Prevention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence requires three primary ingredients in order to occur: availability of water soluble salts; a source of moisture or water to dissolve and transmit the salts; and an environment where the moisture can readily evaporate, thereby depositing the dissolved salts.
		Efflorescence on exterior masonry might simply be a result of rain water which soaks into the masonry surface or ground water which is being wicked from the soil into the masonry.
		Efflorescence on interior plaster work can be a sign that a major problem is beginning to develop.
	www.askthebuilder.com /B33_What_is_Efflorescence_on_Masonry_Surfaces.shtml (625 words)

	Pine Hall Brick - Technical Corner - Facebrick
		This is usually a result of the use of calcium chloride as a mortar accelerator, contamination of masonry components (including sand) by sea water or the improper use of hydrochloric acids in cleaning solutions.
		There are several sources for efflorescence: 1) the movement of groundwater that moves upwards, by capillary action or "wicking", into masonry or concrete materials.
		Efflorescing salts dissolve in water and are absorbed into the masonry pores.
	www.pinehallbrick.com /technical_corner/UnitMasonry.htm (1077 words)

	RadonSeal Efflorescence Cleaner
		Efflorescence ("white powder") and mineral deposits or stains are not water-soluble and no amount of detergents and "elbow-grease" will help.
		The Efflorescence Cleaner is also is most effective in killing molds and mildew on concrete, masonry, and bricks - on the surface or hidden inside the pores.
		A thick rocky build-up (calcium carbonate) created by long-term efflorescence may have to be chipped away with a chisel.
	www.radonseal.com /cleaners/RS-efflorescence-cleaner.htm (620 words)

	Efflorescence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Efflorescence is the formation of a crystal accompanied by the evaporation of water.
		A 5 micrometre aqueous droplet of NaCl will spontaneously crystallize at 45% relative humidity (298 K) to form a NaCl cube by the mechanism of homogeneous nucleation.
		Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is a hydrate solid that, in a sufficiently dry environment, will give up its water to the gas phase and form anhydrite (CaSO4).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Efflorescence (113 words)

	Managing Efflorescence
		In urban areas with acidic rainfall, efflorescence may to away faster than in rural areas.
		Yes, efflorescence may be cleaned with commercially available cleaners formulated specifically for concrete pavers.
		It may reappear as long as the chemical reaction continues and cleaning may need to be done until efflorescence has stopped.
	www.interlockonline.com /tips.html (174 words)

	DIY DOCTOR PROJECTS - Efflorescence
		These salts dissolve in the water and are carried to, and deposited on the surface, by the natural evaporation that occurs by air coming into contact with the surface of the wall or floor.
		Under normal circumstances, efflorescence occurs in relatively new buildings because the brickwork etc was not protected during construction and has got wet.
		There are several treatments for efflorescence, we cannot comment on them because we do not use them, we always stick to the idea that if the material is well maintained it will look after itself and persistent efflorescence means there is water getting in somewhere.
	www.diydoctor.org.uk /projects/efflorescence.htm (409 words)

	Aldon popup window-Stopping Efflorescence
		The causes and treatments of efflorescence are the same, regardless of the material on which it appears.
		When powdery efflorescence goes through cycles of being deposited on the surface - redissolved when new water occurs - drying out - new water - etc. it can form crystals.
		The brick is partially submerged in a pan of water with 5% sodium carbonate (water soluble salt).
	www.aldonchem.com /popup-ab-efflorescence.htm (792 words)

	Do It Yourself (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		One of the benefits of owning a brick house is that it's maintenance-free, however, sometimes the brick or sections of it develop a condition called efflorescence.
		Before removing the efflorescence, find the cause of the excess moisture behind the brick that's at the root of the problem and correct it.
		To remove efflorescence you can pay a house cleaning service $72 to clean 150 square feet of a brick wall, or do it yourself for $10, the cost of the materials, and save 86 percent.
	www.diyornot.com /diy/acgb/Project.asp?ndx1=1&ndx2=7&ndx3=0&Rcd=137 (207 words)

	Efflorescence - Solving The Problem
		Efflorescence is a common problem which can occur with masonry and concrete walls.
		Efflorescence is, for the most part, a visual problem.
		The soluble salts must be present in the bricks, mortar, or transported by water into the masonry from another source.
	www.mcpanet.com /efflorescence.html (595 words)

	Aldon EFFLORESCENCE TREATMENT
		The only concern is that there is not a remainder of liquid Efflorescence Treatment that might interfere with the penetration and bond of the water based sealer.
		Efflorescence Treatment" is non-acidic and applies easily with no scrubbing or wiping.
		Efflorescence is water soluble salts carried from below by water, which then evaporates and leaves the powdery salts on the surface.
	www.aldonchem.com /pr-efflorescence-treatment.htm (1724 words)

	HandymanWire - Foundation Questions and Answers
		Another annoying problem that occurs is efflorescence this is caused by the salts leaching out to the surface leaving a white discoloration.
		Moisture is a carrying agent that transports efflorescence through the concrete, thereby destroying concrete and steel inside the concrete which hold it together.
		Of course attacking the source of efflorescence should be your main concern which is from the outside not the inside.
	www.handymanwire.com /questions/masonfoundationq.html (1251 words)

	Redland Brick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Efflorescence on masonry walls is almost always made up of carbonate and sulfate salts.
		For efflorescence to occur, there must be (1) a source of salts, or (2) water, and (3) evaporation.
		Efflorescence is never limited to what you can see on the surface of masonry.
	www.redlandbrick.com /techinfo.html (2765 words)

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