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	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 6, Ch. 80, Pleural Disorders
		Transudates are due to elevations in microvascular pressure or to decreases in oncotic pressure; exudates are due to pleural inflammation (pleurisy), with an increased permeability of the pleural surface to proteinaceous fluid.
		The amylase in pleural effusions due to esophageal rupture is of salivary origin, is evident within hours of the rupture, and may be the key to early diagnosis and lifesaving surgery.
		The pH of loculated pleural effusions that complicate pneumonia tends to be < 7.2.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section6/chapter80/80c.jsp (3561 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pleural effusion
		A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid between the layers of the membrane that lines the lungs and chest cavity.
		The cause and type of pleural effusion is usually determined by thoracentesis (a sample of fluid is removed with a needle inserted between the ribs).
		In patients with cancer or infections, the effusion is often treated by using a chest tube to drain the fluid.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000086.htm (578 words)

	Otitis Media with Effusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The fluid present in the middle ear during an episode of otitis media with effusion is non-infectious, and the illness itself is not contagious.
		Tympanometry is used to corroborate the diagnosis of effusion, and a Type B tympanogram with a flat or rising shape is considered to be an accurate indication of the infection (Peters, Grievink, van Bon, and Schilder, 1994).
		Current research on otitis media with effusion and hearing loss appears to be moving in the direction of examining the effects of a fluctuating mild to moderate hearing deficit on a child's ability to segregate sounds from competing noise adequately.
	hubel.sfasu.edu /courseinfo/SL99/otitis.html (2271 words)

	Dr. Koop - Pleural effusion
		Transudative pleural effusions are usually caused by a disorder in the normal pressure in the lung.
		Exudative effusions form as a result of inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the pleura, which is often caused by lung disease.
		The cause and type of pleural effusion is usually determined by thoracentesis (removal of a sample of fluid with a needle inserted between the ribs into the chest cavity).
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/000086.html (326 words)

	eMedicine - Pleural Effusion : Article by Fredrick M Abrahamian, DO, FACEP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Determination of the amylase isoenzyme level is useful in distinguishing effusions caused by pancreatic disease (pancreatic isoamylase) from effusions caused by esophageal rupture or nonpancreatic carcinoma (salivary isoamylase).
		Isolated left-sided effusions occur with esophageal rupture, pancreatic disease, subphrenic or splenic abscess, splenic infarction, diaphragmatic hernia, pericardial disease, or coronary artery bypass surgery.
		Pleural effusions associated with breast carcinoma typically are ipsilateral to the primary breast cancer (58-70%); however, 20-26% develop effusions contralateral to the primary lesion, and 10-16% develop bilateral effusion.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic462.htm (9123 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Pleural effusion
		Pleural effusion itself is not a disease as much as a result of many different diseases.
		This causes pleural effusions in about 40% of patients and is often present on both sides of the chest.
		Patients with disease of the liver or pancreas may have an exudative effusion, and the same is true for any patient who undergoes extensive abdominal surgery.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0010/ai_2601001077 (1109 words)

	Pleural Effusion - Patient UK
		A pleural effusion is a collection of fluid next to the lung.
		A pleural effusion is a collection of fluid between a lung and the chest wall.
		A pleural effusion is a complication of a variety of conditions.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc.asp?doc=23069036 (580 words)

	Pleural effusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In order to learn what has caused the effusion, a needle or catheter is often used to obtain a fluid sample, which is examined for cells and its chemical make-up.
		If the effusion is caused by lung disease, placing a viewing tube (bronchoscope) through the large air passages will allow the examiner to see the abnormal appearance of the lungs.
		Because pleural effusion is a secondary effect of many different conditions, the key to preventing it is to promptly diagnose the primary disease and provide effective treatment.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/pleural_effusion.jsp (2034 words)

	Graham effusion: teaching notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Currently, Graham's law of effusion is usually taught as the inverse proportionality of the rate of effusion to the square root of the molar mass of the gas.
		This formulation follows from Graham's observations and the facts that the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the time required for effusion and that the density of a gas is proportional to its molar mass.
		Effusion refers to the passage of a gas through a small hole, as in the experiments summarized in this exercise.
	web.lemoyne.edu /~giunta/classicalcs/grahameffnote.html (287 words)

	GENERAL CARDIOLOGY: Management of pericardial effusion -- Soler-Soler et al. 86 (2): 235 -- Heart
		investigated the aetiology of pericardial effusion in 57 patients.
		Therefore, the main causes of large pericardial effusion in general medical centres are idiopathic pericarditis and malignancy.
		In patients with no apparent cause of pericardial effusion, the presence of inflammatory signs is predictive of acute (idiopathic) pericarditis; on the other hand, severe effusion with absence of inflammatory signs and absence of tamponade is predictive of chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/86/2/235 (3214 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Subdural effusion
		A subdural effusion is a collection of pus beneath the outer membrane covering the brain.
		A subdural effusion is a rare complication of bacterial meningitis.
		Some signs of effusion are similar to those of meningitis, but these follow the disease rather than accompany it.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001422.htm (379 words)

	AAP - Practice Parameter: Managing Otitis Media With Effusion in Young Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The natural history of otitis media with effusion, the functional impairments that may result from otitis media with effusion, and the difficulty of measuring the effects of medical and surgical interventions on long-term outcomes are included.
		Because otitis media with effusion is often associated with a mild to moderate hearing loss, most clinicians have been eager to treat the condition to restore hearing to normal and thus prevent any long-term problems.
		Studies of otitis media with effusion in children cared for at home compared to those in group child-care facilities found that children in group child-care facilities have a slightly higher relative risk (less than 2.0) of getting otitis media with effusion.
	www.aap.org /policy/otitis.htm (3182 words)

	Pleural Effusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A Pleural Effusion is a collection of fluid into a part of the pleural cavity, which is the space between the lung and chest wall..
		Pleural effusions may also be associated with the leakage of fluid due to higher than normal pressures in the lung circulation, such as with congestive heart failure (CHF) or from low protein in the blood, as in liver disease, severe malnutrition, and in certain kidney conditions when protein is filtered into the urine.
		Treating the underlying cause of the effusion is the hallmark of therapy.
	www.pcca.net /pleuraleffusion.html (479 words)

	Pleural Effusion \| myhealth@wellmark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This procedure, called a thoracentesis, is the way to determine whether an effusion is a transudate or exudate, giving a clue as to the underlying cause.
		If large effusions continue to recur, a drug or material that irritates the pleural membranes can be injected to deliberately inflame them and cause them to adhere close together--a process called sclerosis.
		Whenever a large effusion causes a patient to be short of breath, thoracentesis will make breathing easier, and it may be repeated if necessary.
	www.myhealthwellmark.com /topic/topic100587313?originalPath=/topic/topic100587313 (1940 words)

	Otitis Media with Effusion in Young Children
		Although data on prevalence of otitis media with effusion as a separate condition were not available, the Panel estimated the prevalence of this condition as 25 to 35 percent of otitis media cases.
		Short-term outcomes addressed were resolution of effusion and restoration of hearing; the long-term outcomes studied were the effects of otitis media with effusion on hearing and hearing-related development of speech, language, and cognition.
		Otitis media with effusion is one of the most common problems of infancy and early childhood and is responsible for substantial morbidity and expense.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat6.chapter.23362 (1955 words)

	Pleural Effusion - Treatment - Pulmonology
		Malignant pleural effusions are generally treated to relieve shortness of breath and/or chest pain caused by the presence of mesothelioma (caused by asbestosis) or neoplasms that have metastasized from elsewhere in the body; the lungs or breast are usually the primary site.
		Pleurodesis is often performed to control malignant pleural effusion and is occasionally used to control nonmalignant pleural effusion.
		Unfortunately, not every patient with a symptomatic pleural effusion is a candidate for a pleurodesis and the procedure does not work in every case.
	www.pulmonologychannel.com /pleuraleffusion/treatment.shtml (1268 words)

	ICU-USA - Tour - Pleural Effusion
		A pleural effusion is the build up of fluid in the pleural space (the space around the lung).
		Pleural effusions are often sampled with a small needle or catheter to determine the cause.
		Pleural effusions are fairly common in ICU patients and usually do not require extensive treatment if they are not causing problems for the patient.
	www.icu-usa.com /tour/medical_conditions/effusion.htm (223 words)

	Effusion definition - Heart Disease and other cardiovascular conditions on MedicineNet.com
		A hemorrhagic effusion is one that has blood within the fluid.
		A pericardial effusion is an outpouring of fluid within the fibrous sac (the pericardium) that surrounds the heart.
		A pleural effusion involves the presence of an excessive amount of pleural fluid (between the two layers of the pleural membranes).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7016 (212 words)

	Pleural Effusion: Pleural Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
		Milky fluid in the pleural space (chylothorax) is caused by an injury to the main lymphatic duct in the chest (thoracic duct) or by a blockage of the duct by a tumor.
		If these tests cannot identify the cause of the pleural effusion, a biopsy of the pleura may be needed (see Symptoms and Diagnosis of Lung Disorders: Needle Biopsy of the Pleura or Lung), which can detect cancer and tuberculosis.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec04/ch052/ch052c.html (1146 words)

	Ear Infections: Otitis Media With Effusion -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Otitis media with effusion means that there is fluid in the middle (inner) ear and that the inner ear is inflamed (swollen).
		(Effusion is another word for fluid.) This fluid usually doesn't bother children.
		Second, children who have a "regular" ear infection could have otitis media with effusion the next time, if the fluid stays in the middle ear for a long time.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/330.html (432 words)

	Duration and recurrence of otitis media with effusion in children from birth to 3 years: prospective study using ...
		Duration and recurrence of otitis media with effusion in children from birth to 3 years: prospective study using monthly otoscopy and tympanometry -- Hogan et al.
		a 1.7-fold increase in the duration of bilateral effusion.
		Otitis media with effusion during the first three years of life and development of speech and language.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/314/7077/350 (2680 words)

	Bloody Pericardial Effusion in Patients With Cardiac Tamponade* : Is the Cause Cancerous, Tuberculous, or Iatrogenic in ...
		effusion in one patient and presumed to be the cause in another
		The cause of bloody pericardial effusion is summarized in Table 2
		and TB as the primary causes of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/116/6/1564 (2560 words)

	eMedicine - Pericardial Effusion : Article by William J Strimel, DO
		Clinical manifestations of pericardial effusion are highly dependent upon the rate of accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac.
		Pericardial effusion is the primary or contributory cause of death in 86% of cancer patients with symptomatic effusions.
		Radiography is unreliable in establishing or refuting diagnosis of pericardial effusion.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1786.htm (3165 words)

	Merck Vet. Edition - Pericardial Effusion
		In benign effusions, activated mesothelial cells resemble neoplastic cells, and a false positive may be reported.
		Cytologic features of idiopathic pericardial effusion in horses are variable, with neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages present in variable numbers.
		This electrocardiographic feature is virtually pathognomonic for pericardial effusion and results from the swinging motion of the heart within the fluid-filled pericardial sac.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/11212.htm (969 words)

	Pleural effusion definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Many pleural effusions cause no symptoms but are discovered during the physical examination or seen on a chest x-ray, which is the most convenient way to confirm the diagnosis.
		Many conditions are capable of causing pleural effusion, including heart failure and uremia (kidney failure), hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood), infections (TB, bacterial, fungal, viral), pulmonary embolism, and malignancies (metastatic tumors, Hodgkin disease, mesothelioma).
		Despite extensive evaluation, the causation of a pleural effusion is not established in about 20% of cases.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4946 (372 words)

	Effusion A Cappella Official Site
		We will be performing Saturday and Sunday mornings for this great festival, come swing by and check out a bunch of amazing musicians, instrument makers, workshops and displays.
		Effusion is an independently-run student a cappella group at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
		Effusion endeavours to expand the horizons of the human voice.
	www.music.mcgill.ca /~benjamin/effusion (237 words)

	Pericardial effusion
		Pericardial effusion is a buildup of fluid in the space between the heart and the sac around the heart (pericardium).
		A pericardial effusion may have many possible causes, including heart failure, tumors, lupus, bacterial or viral infection, or radiation treatment.
		Pericardial effusion may be drained in a procedure called pericardiocentesis, which involves using a needle and sometimes a catheter to drain the fluid.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/stp1475.asp?navbar=hw233131 (148 words)

	definition of effusion
		The act of pouring out; as, effusion of water, of blood, of grace, of words, and the like.
		Act, An, And, As, Blood, By, Effusion, Either, Escape, Escaping, Exudation, Figuratively, Fluid, Free, Grace, Into, Is, Issue, It, Like, Liquid, Literally, May, Natural, Of, Or, Organ, Out, Pass, Poured, Pouring, Rupture, Substance, Surface, That, The, Through, Upon, Vessel, Walls, Water, Which, Words
		Act, As, Blood, Effusion, Either, Escape, Fluid, Free, Grace, Is, Issue, It, Like, Liquid, May, Natural, Or, Organ, Out, Pass, Substance, Surface, That, Vessel, Water, Which, Words
	www.brainydictionary.com /words/ef/effusion158550.html (217 words)

	Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		An open community of design and software development companies based in Christchurch, New Zealand, the Effusion Group was founded on the ideals of Open Standards, Open Source and providing an environment of common practice.
		The Effusion Group offers a range of services from technical infrastructure to web and software development.
		If you are interested in anything we have on offer here or in becoming a member of the Effusion Group please feel free to contact us.
	www.effusiongroup.com (143 words)

	Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg -- Abstract: Ultrasonic Detection of Middle Ear Effusion: A Preliminary Study, December ...
		of effusion (serous, mucoid, or purulent) was recorded.
		identified the presence or absence of effusion in 71 cases (96%)
		The probe did not distinguish between mucoid and purulent effusion.
	archotol.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/130/12/1407 (223 words)

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