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	Learn more about Tempera in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tempera refers to the primary type of artist's paint and associated art techniques that were prevalent in Europe's Middle Ages.
		Tempera was typically created by hand-grinding dry powdered pigments into egg yolk (which was the primary binding agent or "medium"), sometimes along with other materials such as honey, milk (in the form of casein) and a variety of plant gums.
		However, the term "tempera" in modern times has also been used by some manufacturers to refer to ordinary poster paint, which is a cheap form of gouache (opaque watercolor) that has nothing to do with real egg tempera.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /t/te/tempera.html (292 words)

	The Stuff of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The whole egg, the yolk, or the white may be used as a tempera medium.
		He speaks of a tempera for wall painting, made of the white and yolk of an egg into which are put some cuttings of young shoots of a fig tree.
		The egg tempera which is traditional and reflects the practice of many centuries is that made simply with yolk of egg.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /sci_cult/chemart/temperas.html (788 words)

	Introduction to Egg Tempera Painting: Art Studio Chalkboard
		After breaking the egg, pour the contents from one half shell to the other allowing the the egg white to fall away (an egg separator can be used here).
		After most of the egg white has been removed, gently pour egg yolk, which should still be intact, into the palm of your hand.
		Egg tempera works best on a finely sanded oil-gessoed or rabbitskin glue prepared wooden panel.
	www2.evansville.edu /studiochalkboard/p-eggtemp.html (419 words)

	Notebook
		Tempera painting is as far from the technique of the water color on the one hand as it is from the plastic paint-brushing of oil handling on the other.
		Tempera painting is often confused with gouache, on the one hand, and with water color on the other.
		Tempera is not to be thought of as a material: it is a discipline.
	www.noteaccess.com /Texts/Thompson/6.htm (4288 words)

	Egg tempera -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is made of pigments mixed with (The yellow spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the albumen) egg yolk which acts as a binding medium.
		Add water (usually less than a teaspoon per (The yellow spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the albumen) egg yolk), trial and error will dictate just how much water is required.
		In preparing egg tempera, isolate the yolk and dry the membrane slightly by rolling it on a paper towel.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/eg/egg_tempera.htm (682 words)

	Egg Tempera
		Egg tempera is one of the oldest, most versatile, and most durable methods of painting.
		In egg tempera, a red wash may, for example, be applied over a blue wash, and the result will be a blue-red or violet, whereas the result of this procedure in watercolor will tend to appear as a muddy brown.
		To prepare the binding medium, an egg is cracked and the yolk is separated from the white.
	www.trueart.info /egg_tempera.htm (1023 words)

	Egg tempera - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Egg tempera is a type of paint used by artists.
		It is made of pigments mixed with egg yolk which acts as a binding medium.
		Add water (usually less than a teaspoon per egg yolk), trial and error will dictate just how much water is required.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /e/eg/egg_tempera.html (628 words)

	Twinhouse Gallery - Egg Tempera
		Egg Tempera is generally recognized as the second oldest painting medium after encaustic.
		Egg Tempera painting has experienced a small revival within the past century and continues to be explored by present day artists like Andrew Wyeth and Paul Cadmus.
		The surface used in egg tempera is generally a panel made of wood or masonite that is coated with several layers of traditional, homemade gesso (rabbit skin glue and whiting) sanded to an ivory smooth finish.
	www.twinhouse.com /media/egg.tempera.about.html (175 words)

	The Purdue Exponent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Egg tempera is a painting process that uses egg yolk to bind pigments, which gives the painting transparency and sheen.
		Because an egg tempera painting requires as many as 30 to 50 layers, it is a slow-drying process, requiring up to a year to thoroughly dry.
		She was introduced to the art form of egg tempera while completing a master’s of fine arts degree at the University of New Mexico.
	www.purdueexponent.org /2000/11/08/features/dorris.html (588 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Print Page
		Egg tempera is an aqueous emulsion paint with an egg yolk or whole egg binder that originated in medieval Europe.
		After about 1400 CE, variations of tempera were made with egg/oil, gum/oil, glue/oil and other emulsions as artists began to experiment with drying oils.
		Some other water thinned paints that dry to form a water soluble film are sometimes incorrectly called tempera paints (e.g., distemper, gouache, poster paint and watercolors).
	www.mfa.org /_cameo/frontend/material_print.asp?name=tempera&type=description (165 words)

	WatercolorPainting.com - Reference - Egg Tempera
		Egg tempera is a fast drying medium that is fluid by nature and must be applied thinly in semi-opaque and transparent layers.
		Egg tempera paint is applied thinly and each subsequent layer is affected by the former.
		Tempera paint requires a slightly absorbent ground because of the relatively weak binding strength of the egg.
	www.watercolorpainting.com /eggtempera.htm (885 words)

	Sennelier Egg Tempera
		Egg tempera is a water soluble and highly archival painting medium, wonderful for fine art painting, restoration, and icon painting.
		Sennelier egg tempera has working qualities and a finish that is only found in authentic egg tempera made in the traditional manner.
		Egg tempera can be worked with a brush or a palette knife (diluted with water) on non-greasy supports like acrylic primed canvas or paper.
	www.dickblick.com /zz000/28 (282 words)

	Art of Boguslaw Mosielski - Egg Tempera - Description
		Before tempera was completely forgotten, it was used for a while in mixed media (oil and tempera, i.e., both van Eycks), or as underpainting.
		A great deal of credit for popularizing egg tempera on the North American continent has to be given to such world masters as Andrew Wyeth and Robert Vickrey.
		Tempera allows one to paint fine details, and offers a wide color range, as one can mix the many dry pigments available to artists today.
	www.magma.ca /~mosielsk/paintings/egg-temp/egg-temp-text.htm (692 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of the Arts: tempera@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tempera is noted for its strong, translucent colours.
		A form of tempera was used in ancient Egypt, and egg tempera was the foremost medium for panel painting in late medieval and early Renaissance Europe.
		In pure egg tempera well-ground inorganic pigments are mixed with egg yolk and water and painted onto a slightly absorbent gesso panel.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28924184&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (207 words)

	Make Egg Tempera Paint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Egg tempera paint is simply made from artist quality finely ground dry pigments, egg yolk and water.
		Having cracked open an egg allow as much of the white to drain off then continue the separation either by means of an egg separator or by transfering the yolk from the palm of one hand to the other.
		Tempera paint is insoluable to the extent of not being picked up by over painting and when completely dry is relatively water resistant.
	www.eggtempera.com /paint.html (345 words)

	HOWARD BARNETT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Egg tempera is not a popular medium among contemporary artists.
		Tempera is an emulsion in which dry pigments are mixed with an emulsifying agent with bind and adhesive properties.
		Mix a powdered tempera with water until a creamy consistency is achieved.
	www.barnettwildlifecreations.com /egg.htm (441 words)

	About Egg Tempera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Egg tempera is a very old painting medium, Botticelli was the last of the Old Masters to use egg tempera as his primary medium, and after the sudden popularity of oil on canvas in the renaissance, it became a lost art.
		Egg tempera is a mixture of pure powdered pigments ground to a paste in water and mixed with egg yolk.
		Egg tempera dries to touch in seconds but takes 2 years to cure.
	www.ilos.net /~jgirvan/Eggs.html (169 words)

	Sanford & A Lifetime of Color: Study Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tempera or "egg tempera" is a type of paint made by mixing powered pigments with egg yolks.
		Tempera remained popular, especially in early Renaissance Italy, until the 15th century, when oil paints were developed.
		The "tempera" paints many of us use in school are not made by grinding pigments and cracking eggs.
	www.sanfordcorp.com /sanford/consumer/artedventures/study/g_tempera.html (142 words)

	Lipid autoxidation in egg tempera paintings
		Egg tempera paints have been used since the 10th century, and were most intensively used in the 13th to 15th century in Italian painting practice.
		Although the chemical composition of hen's eggs is amply investigated, and biological variance is defined, little or no research has been carried out on the chemistry that takes place in egg tempera.
		HPSEC of artificially aged tempera samples indicated that the formation of cross-linked lipid oligomers correlates with the oxygenation.
	www.amolf.nl /research/biomacromolecular_mass_spectrometry/molart/Eggtemp.html (1502 words)

	Milk and Eggs: The American Revival of Tempera Painting, 1930-1950; Exhibition Summary by Mary Cronin,
		Egg tempera, on the other hand, was the primary medium for painters in 14th-century Italy.
		Egg tempera was used in N.C. Wyeth's studio in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania during the 1930s.
		Egg tempera was the painter's principal medium in 14th century Italy, when artist Cennino Cennini wrote a book on tempera methods and technique, entitled Il Libro dell' Arte or The Craftsman's Handbook.
	www.tfaoi.com /aa/3aa/3aa187.htm (2945 words)

	Scribal Writes 7: Is that Egg on Your Face?
		The stuff called tempera paint sold in the United States is also called (and more accurately, too), poster paints.¹ This paint is a mixture of synthetic pigments, chalky fillers, and a weak binder.
		Tempera was not often used completely alone in book illumination³; instead, straight tempera painting was usually reserved for panel painting.
		In illumination, tempera was often combined with a gum paint or glair, for the jewel-like beauty of tempera simply does not stand up well to the wear and tear of book usage.
	www.geocities.com /CollegePark/Library/2036/tempera.html (1725 words)

	Art QandA Paints Page
		Tempera is a simple combination of equal parts pure egg yolk (separate yolk from egg white and pour the yolk contents out of the yolk membrane) and dry pigment ground into a paste with plain water.
		Related media are the combined egg/oil emulsions made by mixing the egg in a ratio of one part whole egg to just under one part each of damar varnish and stand oil and topped off with two parts water.
		Egg tempera dries as soon as it is set down and can only be blended through hatch mark transitions and encaustic must be kept heated to remain fluid.
	www.members.tripod.com /~qaart/paint.html (3998 words)

	AAM—The Renaissance Connection: Lesson Plans: Tempera versus Oil Paint
		Egg tempera was the paint used by virtually all artists during the Middle Ages.
		Understand the differences between egg tempera paintings of the early Renaissance and oil paintings of the middle and late Renaissance.
		Egg tempera dries very quickly, so artists had to paint small areas at one time.
	www.renaissanceconnection.org /lesson_art_oil.html (1800 words)

	Mercier Fine Art : Lon Mercier, Fine Artist working in egg tempera
		Egg tempera is one of the oldest painting media and a rare art form today.
		Egg tempera was in popular use until the Renaissance, when it was supplanted by oil paint.
		Tempera painting is done upon a white gessoed panel, which ensures a glass-like surface, necessary for fine detail work.
	www.mercierfineart.com /mercier_egg_tempera/tempera_start.html (312 words)

	Painting Lesson: Egg Tempera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In egg tempera paint, the glue is the yolk of common chicken eggs.
		Until the development of oil painting during the Renaissance, egg tempera on panel was the mainstay of easel painting in Europe.
		There's no time for smooth blending, so egg tempera is usually painted in short hatched brushstrokes or other broken colour techniques.
	www.bigblackpig.com /painting/egg-tempera.html (287 words)

	Donald Clegg - An Egg Tempera Primer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Egg tempera is one of the oldest painting mediums.
		Some of the richest—and most durable—paintings of all time have been done in tempera, and I’ve seen many 6-700 year old tempera panels in better repair than poorly executed oils less than a hundred years of age.
		Tempera, technically, is not difficult to learn, though there are, of course, things you have to watch out for.
	worldofwatercolor.com /clegg/tempera/page1.htm (272 words)

	Section5
		Egg tempera and oil, when unpigmented, are easily distinguished by FTIR - the simultaneous presence of four characteristic bands Amide A, B, I and II and the common ester carbonyl at ~1740 cm
		CH peak height in each spectrum the relative peak height of this band is highest in egg tempera (0.27), lower in lead white tempera (0.23) and lowest in the titanium white/oil (0.18).
		Egg yolk alone would show the Amide I and the unsaturated element, the lead tempera would have dried to a certain extent (lead white is noted as a fast drier of oils) and shows Amide I and a reduced unsaturated element and titanium white paint shows simply its remaining unsaturated element.
	www.ijvs.com /volume2/edition2/section5.html (2969 words)

	Egg Tempera
		The egg is prepared by separating the yolk from the white.
		The pigments are ground Into a fine paste in distilled water and mixed with the egg medium on the palette until the desired consistency is reached.
		As the paint is worked, the egg emulsion dries instantly to the touch, forming an elastic skin.
	www.danielambrose.com /egg.html (265 words)

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