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	Ptolemy (name) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ptolemy of Epirus (died 235 BC) - King of the Greek frontier kingdom of Epirus.
		Ptolemy Philadelphus (Cleopatra) (born 36 BC) - son of the Roman general Mark Antony and the Egyptian Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII.
		Ptolemy (son of Mennaeus) (rule ended circa 40 BC) - governor of Abilene, a district of the disputed region of Coele-Syria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ptolemy_(name) (1197 words)

	[No title]
		Ptolemy Lagus was one of those who, at the death of Alexander, had raised their voices against giving the whole of the conquered countries to one king; he wished that they should have been shared equally among the generals as independent kingdoms.
		Ptolemy was thus left master of the whole of the southern coast of Asia Minor and Syria, indeed of the whole coast of the eastern end of the Mediterranean, from the island of Cos on the north to Cyrene on the south.
		Ptolemy's bronze coins have the head of Serapis or Jupiter in the place of that of the king, as is also the case with those of his successors; but few of these bronze pieces bear any marks from which we can learn the reign in which they were coined.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/1/7/3/3/17330/17330-8.txt (18833 words)

	Egypt: History - Ptolemaic Dynasty
		Ptolemy and his descendants adopted Egyptian royal trappings and added Egypt's religion to their own, worshipping the gods of Eternity and building temples to them, and even being mummified and buried in sarcophagi covered with hieroglyphs.
		Ptolemy invited scholars and artists from all over the known world to come to Alexandria, not to be mere court window dressing, but to foster the learning culture of Alexandria.
		Ptolemy I, though respectful as he was of the Egyptian culture, nevertheless believed the Greek culture to be superior in many respects, and thus the preservation of it in Alexandria was of utmost importance.
	www.touregypt.net /alexhis1.htm (1779 words)

	Ptolemaic_Egypt
		As a result, Ptolemy, son of Lagus, assumed de facto control of Egypt, "appointed by the new Macedonian king, Philip Arrhidaeus".3 Although appointed by king Philip, seen as a feeble minded half brother of Alexander, the real power was in the hands of the Macedonian chiefs who served under Alexander, especially in that of Perdiccas.
		Ptolemy, son of Lagus, was satrap of Egypt from 323 to 305 b.c.
		Ptolemy XII is most famous, apart from the reputation of debauchery second only to that of Physcon,50 for fathering a daughter later to be known as Cleopatra VII., the most famous of the Ptolemies.
	members.tripod.com /~Kekrops/Hellenistic_Files/Ptolemaic_Egypt.html (4174 words)

	The great revolt
		The war against the Egyptians is one of the first historically documented guerilla wars, but at the same time it is a forgotten war because Greek historians, in the footsteps of Thucydides, considered it unfit for history; they needed clear–cut military and political turning points and this war apparently did not give these.
		They noticed the devaluations of the Egyptian silver coinage at exactly this period and guessed that the high costs of the war against Antiochos (thousands of mercenaries were hired in Greece) lead to rising taxation and monetary problems and finally to revolt on a large scale.
		In 197 BC Thaubastis daughter of Sokrates declares possession of a young Egyptian slave Thasion, whom she had bought from the fisc on a public auction (through the praktor, a kind of bailiff), for 500 drachma, to which was added a twenty–percent purchase tax.
	ist-socrates.berkeley.edu /~tebtunis/lecture/revolt.html (4265 words)

	Nabataea: The Ptolemy's of Alexandria
		Ptolemy II became a master at the fiscal exploitation of the Egyptian countryside; the capital, Alexandria, served as the main trading and export centre.
		He was the son of Ptolemy II and he reunited Cyrenaica with Egypt, as well as invaded the Seleucid Kingdom of Syria to avenge the murder of his sister and her infant son, the heir to the Seleucid throne.
		Ptolemy VII (184-116 BC) was known as Ptolemy Euergetes ("benefactor") II and was the king of Egypt from 145-116 BC.
	nabataea.net /ptolomy.html (8349 words)

	Egyptian Mythology and Egyptian Christianity: The Religion Under the Ptolemies
		The opinions of the Egyptians show themselves equally clearly in two of the Apocryphal books of the Bible, which were written by Jews living in Lower Egypt, perhaps in Alexandria; namely, The Wisdom of the Son of Sirach, and The Wisdom of Solomon.
		The Egyptians had believed that some of their gods, and particularly the four lesser gods of the dead, acted as mediators with the judge Osiris, to turn aside his wrath and the punishment for their sins, and they thought that even their kings had power to do them the same service.
		Political despotism was there, united with freedom of philosophic thought, active trade with industrious scholarship, credulity with scepticism, Egyptian superstitions with Greek satire, the self-denying asceticism of the Jewish Therapeutæ with the immoralities of the Eleusinian mysteries, the science and cold criticism of one half of the Museum, with the imaginative Platonism of the other.
	www.sacred-texts.com /egy/emec/emec06.htm (2462 words)

	Egypt: Rulers, Kings and Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt: Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII
		According to Egyptian law, Cleopatra was forced to have a consort, who was either a brother or a son, no matter what age, throughout her reign.
		She was married to her younger brother Ptolemy XIII when he was twelve, however she soon dropped his name from any official documents regardless of the Ptolemaic insistence that the male presence be first among co-rulers.
		This was to please the Alexandrians and the Egyptian priests.
	interoz.com /egypt/cleopatr.htm (2922 words)

	Bible Study - The Ptolemies
		Ptolemy was the Macedonian general who, as one of the Diadochi, or Successors, of Alexander, acquired Egypt.
		Ptolemy moved the capital of Egypt from Memphis to Alexandria - the city founded by Alexander the Great himself.
		From there, the Ptolemies ruled an empire that extended beyond Egypt to Israel, Cyrenaica, Cyprus and as far north as western Asia Minor (Turkey) and The Aegean Sea.
	www.keyway.ca /htm2000/20000416.htm (460 words)

	The Egyptian Old Kingdom, Sumer and Akkad
		All these epigraphic Egyptian texts, however, when discovered, could be compared with an already existing list from ancient literature, from the history of Egypt written by the priest Manethô in the Hellenistic Period.
		As the greatest expert on Egyptian in his age, present, for instance, to read inscriptions as Tutankhamon's tomb was opened, Gardiner had to deal with all the king lists and other evidence first hand.
		This is true, but, as with early Egyptian history, it is a vague and frustrating kind of history, and one without the succession of hard monuments that become the signposts of time in Egypt.
	www.friesian.com /notes/oldking.htm (5093 words)

	Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism: IV. Egypt
		Under the Ptolemies the Serapis of Alexandria naturally became one of the principal divinities of the country, just as the Ammon of Thebes had been the chief of the celestial hierarchy under the Pharaohs of that city, or as, under the sovereigns from Sais, the local Neith had the primacy.
		In this manner the political activity of the Egyptian dynasty was directed toward having the divinities, whose glory was in a certain measure connected with that of their house, recognized everywhere.
		The Egyptian worship was excluded from Rome and her immediate neighborhood in theory if not in fact, but the rest of the world remained open to its propaganda.
	www.sacred-texts.com /cla/orrp/orrp08.htm (7698 words)

	News in Science - Ancient Egyptian priest settlement uncovered - 15/07/2003
		Dating to the Ptolemies, a dynasty of Greek kings, the complex was built after 300 BC and organised in three parts: a storage tower with silos for grain, an administrative complex with a monumental staircase leading to a central room, and a religious complex with a chapel room.
		Ptolemy I and II - kings of Egypt from 323 to 246 BC - established a large number of new cult places in the area, which got a religious endowment by the state.
		According to Egyptian archaeologist Dr Samir Anis, the discovery is important as the area "gives a clear example of the fusion of the Egyptian, Greek and Roman civilisations."
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s901864.htm (467 words)

	Egyptian Pottery
		The Egyptians, centuries before our era, produced small objects such as amulets, charms, small figures of gods, scarabei, etc., by carving them in a kind of soapstone, which was covered with glaze and baked, thus producing a kind of pottery.
		Scarabei have been found bearing the date of 2020 B. The artistic Egyptian pottery is siliceous, between earthenware and porcelain, its grain is very fine, resisting the greatest heats, and it is generally covered with thin glaze, colored blue or green by oxides of copper.
		Since the time of the Ptolemies a lustred ware has been made ornamented with characteristic but inartistic paintings ; after the Ptolemies Egyptian art lost its originality, influenced by the Greeks and afterwards by the Romans during their domination.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles15/pottery-art-26.shtml (183 words)

	Amazon.com: Memphis Under the Ptolemies: Books: Dorothy J. Thompson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Memphis under the Ptolemies will interest students of intercultural relations and will be essential reading for Egyptologists, papyrologists, and historians of the Hellenistic world, including those concerned with religion.
		The relationship of the native population with the Greek-speaking immigrants is illustrated in Thompson's analysis of the position of Memphite priests within the Ptolemaic state.
		Egyptians continued to control mummification and the cult of the dead; the undertakers of the Memphite necropolis were barely touched by things Greek.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0691035938?v=glance (496 words)

	Ptolemies
		In 197 BC, at the age of 14, Ptolemy Epiphanes assumed a title of king and his official coronation was held at Memphis on Egyptian manner.
		Ptolemy died at the age of 29 and at this time the Egyptian empire lost all its possessions except Cyprus and Kyrene.
		She was married to Ptolemy V Epiphanes in 194/3 thus approving peace between Ptolemys and Seleucids.
	www.narmer.pl /dyn/33en.htm (3862 words)

	Aegyptus
		By the end of the Ptolemy dyansty, the rulers of Egypt were as much Egyptian in culture as they were Macedonian in ethnicity.
		The rival Egyptian rulers were in the middle of their own pitched effort for ultimate power, and the result would be disastrous for Pompey.
		Opressive taxation later led to a general revolt of the Egyptian natives that lasted several years, and the revolt of Avidius Cassius under the reign of Aurelius led to general disorder in the east.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/aegyptus.php (1439 words)

	Ptolemies
		The fourteen kings of this dynasty were all called Ptolemy and are numbered by modern historians I to XV (Ptolemy VII never reigned).
		Another intriguing aspect was the willingness of the Ptolemies to present themselves to the Egyptians as native pharaohs (cf.
		However, after the death of Ptolemy IV Philopator in 204, his son Ptolemy V Epiphanes was too young to rule, and his wife Arsinoe was murdered.
	www.livius.org /ps-pz/ptolemies/ptolemies.htm (501 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Ptolemy Lagus made himself ruler of Egypt, and Seleucus Nicator ruled over Persia, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and Syria.
		There then came a period when Judah changed hands several times between the Ptolemies of Egypt and the Seleucids of Syria, and Jews were unsure of who actually ruled their land.
		While Egypt was essentially peopled by Egyptians (ie one ethnic group), there was no real need to create a uniform culture; a uniform culture (Egyptian) already existed, and there was no danger of inter-ethnic unrest or conflict.
	members.lycos.co.uk /Talmidi/nerot_history.html (1226 words)

	Egyptian Mythology and Egyptian Christianity - The Religion Under the Ptolemies
		Under Greek toleration, as we learn from the sculptures, the Theban temples freed themselves from the intrusion of gods from Lower Egypt, and returned to their old worship of Amun-Ra.
		This custom was copied by some of the Greek kings of Syria, and in part continued under the Roman emperors, though Augustus, on his Alexandrian coins, only claims the lower rank of being a Son of God.
		The despotism of the sovereign checked all lofty aims after moral excellence; but the toleration, or rather impartial patronage, which descended like an heirloom with the crown, allowed such a free play to speculative opinions in religion and philosophy, as the world has never seen in any other country, or at any other time whatever.
	touregypt.net /emac6.htm (2495 words)

	[No title]
		Ptolemy I, as was common among >ruling Macedonians, had a number of wives.
		Ptolemy Keraunos publicly swore to uphold the claims of her sons, >and that she would be his only legal wife.
		If that were necessary, Ptolemy I would have had to >create the impression of a sibling marriage, and Ptolemy II would have >married one of his sisters first.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/ANE/ANE-DIGEST/1998/v1998.n021 (4323 words)

	* The House of Ptolemy: Index Page *
		An aid in the study of the Ptolemaic (Macedonian-based Greek), Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman), and Byzantine rulers of Egypt based in Alexandria, this portal site is intended for all classicists and students of Hellenistic history.
		These elements were both blended and kept distinctly separate, sometimes overlying the Greek core incompletely so that today scholars can focus on the Greek facets, the native Egyptian facets, the other outside influences, or all of these together when they discuss The House of Ptolemy and its legacies.
		The House of Ptolemy: Kings, Queens, and the Rest of the Royal Ptolemies
	www.houseofptolemy.org (873 words)

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