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	Egyptian calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Egyptian calendar was simple, but it is neither a lunar nor a solar calendar.
		The Egyptians were aware of this, and calculated their seasonal year by the stars, to be the time between successive heliacal risings of the star Sirius (which the Egyptians called Sothis).
		Calendars in use today (the Coptic calendar and the Ethiopian calendar) are similar, as was the French Revolutionary calendar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Egyptian_calendar (335 words)

	Coptic calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To avoid the calendar creep of the latter, a reform of the Ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted in the intercalation of a 6th epagomenal day every fourth year.
		However, this reform was opposed by the Egyptian priests, and the idea was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus formally reformed the calendar of Egypt, keeping it forever synchronized with the newly introduced Julian calendar.
		The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year of 5 or 6 days, depending whether the year is a leap year or not.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coptic_calendar (1336 words)

	Egyptian Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Of greater interest for later chronology, particularly astronomical events is the Egyptian civil calendar, whose existence seems certain by the fifth dynasty, and might, although the evidence is slender indeed, go back to the pre-dynastic period.
		Early interpreters of the Egyptian calendar thought that the Egyptians actually maintained a separate calendar to track Sirius, but in the absence of any evidence, this position has been vigorously disputed by later scholars.
		Egyptians were very resistant to this change, however, and the attempted reform seems to have failed.
	www.polysyllabic.com /Egyptian.html (699 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It seems likely that the beginning of the Egyptian calendar year corresponded to a heliacal rising at the time the calendar was established.
		Of course one cannot conclude the introduction of the Egyptian calendar has taken place in the 5th millenium BC from this reckoning alone.
		To distinguish this reformed Egyptian calendar from the original one, the former is sometimes called Alexandrinian calendar.
	www.ortelius.de /kalender/egypt_en.html (812 words)

	Calender System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The calendar system of ancient Egypt is unique to both the cosmology of the Egyptians and their religion.
		The seasons of the Egyptians corresponded with the cycles of the Nile, and were known as Inundation (pronounced akhet which lasted from June 21st to October 21st), Emergence (pronounced proyet which lasted from October 21st to February 21st), and Summer (pronounced shomu which lasted from February 21st to June 21st).
		The Egyptian calendar also took on other important functions within Egyptian life specifically in dealing with the astrology of the people.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/egypt/dailylife/calendar.html (280 words)

	History & info - Various ancient calendars
		The earliest Egyptian calendar was based on the moon's cycles, but the lunar calendar failed to predict a critical event in their lives: the annual flooding of the Nile river.
		The ancient Egyptians originally employed a calendar based upon the Moon, and, like many peoples throughout the world, they regulated their lunar calendar by means of the guidance of a sidereal calendar.
		Because the lunar calendar was controlled by the rising of Sirius, its months would correspond to the same season each year, while the civil calendar would move through the seasons because the civil year was about one-fourth day shorter than the solar year.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-ancient.html (6376 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Calendar
		However, because this calendar was either not accurate enough, too complicated, or unsuitable for economic and administrative purposes, a standard calendar was introduced in the Old Kingdom to run along side the lunar calendar.
		The seasons of the Egyptian calendar were believed to have been chosen to correspond to the cycles of the Nile which was central to the life of the Egyptians.
		Because this public calendar with 360 days was too short to coordinate with the agricultural and lunar calendar, a five day month (Epagomenal), was added at the end of the year with religious festivities to celebrate the birthdays of the gods.
	www.dragonstrike.com /egypt/ecal.htm (1267 words)

	Calendars - Numericana
		Egyptian astronomers knew that a period of 365 days was about ¼ day short of an actual tropical year, but an intercalary day was never added, and the calendar was allowed to drift through the seasons.
		The Zoroastrian calendar is based on months of 30 days and has the same basic structure as the ancient Egyptian calendar (and/or the modern Coptic calendar), including 5 extra days after the 12th month, the gatha days.
		The National Calendar of India was last reformed in 1957: Its leap years coincide with those of the Gregorian calendar, but years begin at the vernal equinox and are counted from the Saka Era (the spring equinox of 79 CE).
	home.att.net /~numericana/answer/calendar.htm (8129 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site: Calendar
		The Ancient Egyptians used three different kinds of calendar systems: the 'agricultural' calendar for day-to-day use, an astronomical calendar and a moon-calendar for certain rituals and events.
		With the 'agricultural' calendar, the year was divided in 3 seasons of 4 months: akhet (inundation), peret ("the coming forth of the land out of the inundation") and shemu ("harvesting").
		To calculate when such rituals needed to be performed, the Ancient Egyptian priests kept a calendar of lunar phases, according to which a month coincided with one lunar cycle.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /glossary/calendar.html (382 words)

	Walk Like An Egyptian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The beauty of Egyptian art, as well as the practical and comfortable nature of their daily life, grew from their faith that the perfect memory of the images and experiences of life would accompany them on that journey into timelessness.
		At the core of Egyptian spiritual philosophy are the divine players, Osiris, Re, Isis, Horus and Thoth, made familiar through the events of their mystery stories and the cycles of their interaction with the human community.
		The ancient calendar material has revealed a wealth of connections between the belief in that divine, eternal dimension and the everyday life of the ancient people of the Nile.
	members.aol.com /tokapu/Walkle01.htm (2602 words)

	The Ancient Egyptian Calendar & Festivals: Part 1
		The second calendar, frequently termed the "civil calendar" by Egyptologists, wasn’t introduced until sometime between 2937 B.C.E. and 2821 B.C.E. Because of the ease of calculation, it is this latter design that is more commonly understood and used by modern occultists.
		The lunar calendar, on the other hand, was considered sacred, and it was for this reason that the cycles of the moon governed the actual timing of the festivals themselves (3).
		From both a historical and magical point of reference it is vital to realize that rather than abandoning the older lunar calendar in favor of the newer civil calendar the Egyptians used both systems concurrently throughout the remainder of their civilization.
	www.inkemetic.org /Library/calnfest.htm (1980 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Egyptian starting calendar dates between 4,236 B.C.E. and 4,241 B.C.E. are derived from hieroglyphs, Egyptology concerning Pharaoh dynasties, and a few Greek writings.
		The Egyptian dynastic rule of the pharaohs, the heavenly observation of the star Sirius, and the resulting theism were perpetuated by the solar calendar.
		To the feminine, Eve side of the lunar/solar calendar again was attributed half the difference between lunar and solar calendar expansions.
	timeemits.com /aoa/aegyptc.htm (1628 words)

	Rediscover Ancient Egypt - The Perfect Egyptian Calendar
		The Ancient Egyptians were able to construct a monument with perfect precision, to match their perfect calendrical calculations.
		The first day of the year was the coronation day for the Egyptian King at the end of the annual rejuvenation Jubilee—the Heb-Sed Festivals [see Egyptian Mystics: Seekers of the Way, for more info].
		However, because the Julian calendar did not take into account that the year is a bit longer than 365¼ days, the Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1582 CE to correct this error.
	www.egypt-tehuti.org /articles/egyptian-calendar.html (881 words)

	.:. Ancient Egyptian Calendar .:. ASTRAL TRAVELER .:.
		The Egyptian calendar is unique in both cosmology and religion.
		Egyptian time corresponded to the cycles of the Nile, and were known as Inundation (pronounced akhet, which lasted from June 21st to October 21st), Emergence (pronounced proyet, which lasted from October 21st to February 21st), and Summer (pronounced shomu which lasted from February 21st to June 21st).
		Interestingly enough the Egyptian calendar, which uses base 6, was more accurate than the Gregorian calendar, which uses base 10 (decimals).
	www.astraltraveler.com /calendars/egyptian.html (698 words)

	The Ethiopic Calendar
		The Ethiopic and Coptic calendars have 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year of 5 or 6 days depending whether the year is a leap year or not.
		This calendar that replaced the Roman calendar (and re-established January 1 as the beginning of new years) became the Julian calendar.
		In the Gregorian calendar every year that is exactly divisible by 4 is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100; these centurial years are leap years only if they are exactly divisible by 400.
	www.ethiopic.com /calendar/ethiopic.htm (2663 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Religious Calendar...(Astrology & Astronomy)
		The star-sprinkled Egyptian night sky that not only stuns visitors to Egypt was also studied intensely by special temple priests who soon discovered that the appearance of a star they named sepdet (which we know as Sirius) was associated with the beginning of the Nile flood.
		But, as in our times, this calendar was not accurate enough for the central administration; taxes and other things have to be paid on time.
		Because this public calendar with 360 days was too short to coordinate with the agricultural and lunar calendar, five extra days called the heriu renpet were added at the end of the year and celebrated with religious festivities.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/4396/egyptianreligiouscalendar.htm (573 words)

	Mystery of the Egyptian Calendar
		Since the most ancient times in the countries of Eastern and South-East Asia at compiling of calendars a large attention was given with periodicities of motion of the Sun, the Moon, and also the Jupiter and the Saturn, two gigantic planets of the Solar system.
		There is a basis to guess, that the idea of creation of the Jupiter calendar with celestial symbolism of the 12-year's animal cycle is connected to the rotation of Jupiter, which makes its full revolution around the Sun approximately for 12 years (11,862 years).
		The Egyptian calendar built in the 4-m Millennium BC was one of the first solar calendars.
	www.goldenmuseum.com /0303Calendar_engl.html (1464 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Egypt
		The Egyptians, however, must have perceived in the course of time (if they had not foreseen it) that their calendar of 365 days would not, as they evidently believed at first, bring back the seasons every years at their respective natural times.
		the Egyptians proper), Laabim (the Libyans), Naphtûchim (the inhabitants of No-Phtah, or Memphis), Patrûsim (the inhabitants of the To-rêsi, i.e.
		The earliest specimens of Egyptian literature are the so-called Pyramid Texts engraved on the walls of the halls and rooms of the pyramids of Unis (Fifth Dynasty) and Teti II, Pepi I, Mernere, and Pepi II (Sixth Dynasty).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05329b.htm (18227 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The administrators needed a calendar simpler than one in which they did not know when the month started until the Priests had looked at the sunrise, and in which all the months had the same number of days and all the years the same number of months.
		But they were not allowed to change the old calendar, so Akhet still started on the day of the heliacal rising of Serpet, even though they were using a solar calendar to predict the actual date of the start of the inundation.
		The Egyptians knew that this calendar year was too short, that it was lacking a quarter of a day in order for it to correspond to a complete sidereal revolution.
	www.kingtutshop.com /freeinfo/Ancient-Egyptian-Calendar.htm (1388 words)

	[No title]
		The Egyptian calendars were very important to the Egyptians and played a big role in life.
		One thing that was forbidden for astronomers by their guardians was to correct the calendar, as it is 365 1/4 days long, and add one more day every four years, which is called a leap year.
		The Egyptian calendar was more based upon the annual floods of the Nile River and the Mesopotamian calendar was based on a more accurate study of astrology by the Mesopotamians.
	best.me.berkeley.edu /~mesa/comm/group_1/ryan.html (708 words)

	COLOR: The Egyptian Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		"the Egyptians, reckoning thirty days to each of the twelve months, add five days in every year over and above the total, and thus the completed circle of seasons is made to agree with the calendar." Seemingly, the solar calendar was included indirectly in their consideration of the seasons.
		In addition to being the god of the moon, the god of wisdom, and the measurer of time, he was scribe, moralist, messenger, and supreme magician.
		Ancient Egyptians believed that before the dead could enter the Afterworld, their hearts were weighed against a feather of truth to determine whether they had led good and honest lives.
	saxakali.com /COLOR_ASP/egyptian.htm (397 words)

	Papyrus Art - The Egyptian Perpetual Calendar
		The Ancient Egyptians were aware of the significance of the Sun, Moon and Stars as shown in this papyrus painting.
		The Egyptian Calendar was originally discovered in Temple of Dandara in Luxor.
		In this calendar the 12 signs of the Zodiac are in the center, along with people and animals.
	www.fromcairo.com /calendar.htm (220 words)

	Egypt
		The first working and usable calendar was the ancient Egyptian calendar, which dates back as far as 4236 B.C. The ancient Egyptian calendar was based on the moon's cycles, and the Egyptians regulated the calendar by using the stars.
		The Egyptian people realized there was a difference between the number of days in a calendar using the moon and the number of days in a calendar using the sun.
		The Egyptians were the next group of people to divide their day into parts, similar to our hours.
	www.units.muohio.edu /dragonfly/time/egypt.htmlx (599 words)

	Egyptian Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The calendar we use today has 365 days in a year.
		The ancient Egyptians were one of the first group of peoples to create and use a 365 days to a year calendar.
		Their calendar was based on the cycles of the Nile River.
	pt3.sbu.edu /VFTs/eqypt/inventions.htm (170 words)

	History of the Calendar
		Most of the oldest calendars were lunar calendars, based on the time interval from one new moon to the next—a so-called lunation.
		During antiquity the lunar calendar that best approximated a solar-year calendar was based on a 19-year period, with 7 of these 19 years having 13 months.
		This same calendar was also used by the Arabs, but Muhammad later forbade shifting from 12 months to 13 months, so that the Islamic calendar, even today, has a lunar year of 354 days.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0002061.html (1518 words)

	The Pierce Festivals Calendar Of Ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All ancient Egyptians wanted to be "Osirified," and the seventy days of the mummification process reflected this time of the constellation's disappearance.
		The calendar and the mythology were intimately tied to the heavens.
		The yearly Innundation by the Nile, with its rich, red silt, is the earthly re-enactment of this flood of beer.
	hometown.aol.com /tokapu/calendar00.htm (2134 words)

	Egyptian Chronology by Laura Knight-Jadczyk
		Egyptian astronomy had much less influence on the outside world for the very simple reason that it remained through all its history on an exceedingly crude level which had practically no relations to the rapidly growing mathematical astronomy of the Hellenistic age.
		A second Egyptian contribution to astronomy is the division of the day into 24 hours, through these hours were originally not of even length, but were dependent on the seasons.
		The coffins with the “diagonal calendars” belong roughly to the period from 2100 BC to 1800 BC.
	www.cassiopaea.org /cass/biblewho5.htm (13828 words)

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