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Eicosanoid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In biochemistry, eicosanoids are a class of oxygenated hydrophobic molecules that largely function as autocrine and paracrine mediators. Eicosanoids derive from 20-carbon polyunsaturated essential fatty acids, most commonly arachidonic acid (AA) in humans. The numbering of eicosanoids is used to denote the number of double bonds. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eicosanoid   (491 words)

The Eicosanoid Power Eicosanoids are composed of about a dozencompounds whose importance has been discovered only in the last 10 to 15 years. Eicosanoids are mainly formed in the body by arachidonic acid (AA), an omega-6 fatty acid found in vegetable oils. Eicosanoids are divided into two families: the prostaglandins (PGs), which are made by an enzyme called cyclooxygenase; and the leukotrienes, which are made by an enzyme called lipooxygenase (Fig. niazi.com /Omega/eicosano.htm   (822 words)

Southeast Texas Medical Associates, L.L.P. - Your Life Your Health - Articles Eicosanoids is derived from the Greek word for twenty, eicosa, since all these hormones are synthesized from essential fatty acids that are twenty carbon atoms in length. The first eicosanoids were discovered in 1936 and were isolated from the prostate gland and were called prostaglandins, which are a small subset of the much larger eicosanoid family. The eicosanoids that generate increased production of cyclic AMP are your key to maintaining wellness because Cyclic AMP is the second messenger used by a number of endocrine hormones in the body to transmit their biological information to the appropriate target cell. www.setma.com /article.cfm?ID=107   (1861 words)

Respiratory Research | Full text | Expression of eicosanoid receptors subtypes and eosinophilic inflammation: ... Based on the previous studies, we hypothesize that eicosanoid receptor expression is altered in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with and without nasal polyposis in absence of aspirin intolerance and these changes may be related to eosinophilic inflammation. Several studies have suggested changes in the eicosanoid regulation patterns as one of the factors involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis; however, the effect of eicosanoids in the tissue, greatly dependents of the differential expression of the distinct subtypes of their receptors. Eicosanoid receptors mRNA pattern observed in our patient's groups suggest that down-regulation of EP and EP in the nasal polyp tissue and up-regulation EP and EP in both chronic rhinosinusitis groups may play a role in the development of the diseases and their regulation do not directly depend of eosinophil activation. respiratory-research.com /content/7/1/75   (4572 words)

The Holistic Path -  Eicosanoid  Status Report - Sears: The Anti-Aging Zone 1999   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) However, if you make too many "good" eicosanoids, insulin levels can be depressed too much, leading to an increase in carbohydrate consumption because there is not enough insulin to inhibit the synthesis of neuropeptide Y, which is the most powerful stimulator of appetite. If you experience fatigue, try to determine which side of the eicosanoid zone you are in by checking the other parameters, such as grogginess upon waking and stool density. On the other hand, "good" eicosanoids are anti-inflammatory and also stimulate collagen synthesis in addition to improved microcirculation caused by increased vasodilation. www.mimbres.com /holp/HOLPATH/EICO_STAT.htm   (963 words)

Reducing Inflammation with Diet and Supplements: The Story of Eicosanoid Inhibition The story of eicosanoids and their involvement in inflammation and chronic diseases is complex and rapidly evolving. Eicosanoids are produced primarily from arachidonic acid that has been released from cell membrane phospholipids by the action of the enzyme phospholipase-A2. Two main fatty acid groups are considered in relation to this dietary approach: one is the omega-6 fatty acids, which become phospholipids readily converted into arachidonic acid, and other is omega-3 fatty acids, which become phospholipids that are not as easily converted to arachidonic acid (they become, instead EPA and DHA; see Figure 5). www.itmonline.org /arts/lox.htm   (4525 words)

Frequently Asked Questions The word eicosanoid is derived from the Greek term "eicosa", which means twenty, referring to the twenty-carbon chains that form the structural backbone of these eicosanoid hormone molecules. Although eicosanoid hormones have received relatively little attention over the years, their discoverers won the 1982 Nobel Prize in medicine, due to the correlation that was made between eicosanoid levels and their relative balance on your health. The autocrine (eicosanoids) class of hormones are the quickest acting (almost instantaneously), most widespread (found in every cell of the body), and the most powerful class of hormones. www.omega3md.com /faqs.html   (5820 words)

BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life The eicosanoids are a family of lipophilic hormones derived from the twenty carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid. Although they are diverse in structure, many eicosanoids have roles in inflammation, including regulation of vasodilation, vascular permeability, pain, and recruitment of leukocytes. The diversity of the eicosanoids and their receptors and their involvement in many disease states makes it likely that this pathway will continue as a major research focus. www.biocarta.com /pathfiles/h_eicosanoidPathway.asp   (492 words)

Canola Annotated Bibliography / Eicosanoid Production   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Thus, dietary CO and flaxseed consumption results in favorable in vivo alterations in eicosanoid synthesis with significant reductions noted in the synthesis of pro-aggregatory eicosanoids. In addition, eicosanoid synthesis coincided with diet-induced differences in PL FA patterns suggesting that the composition of dietary fats influences the levels of anti-aggregatory metabolites in the body. Increases in eicosanoids of the series 3 and 5 families, derived from EPA, with corresponding reductions in eicosanoids of the series 2 and 4 families, derived from AA, would lower the tendency of platelet aggregation and subsequent thrombosis. www.canolainfo.org /html/bibliography/biblio2.html   (4173 words)

The Individualist: Eicosanoid Eicosanoids are a class of oxygenated hydrophobic molecules that largely function as autocrine and paracrine mediators. The term "eicosanoids" is used as a collective name for molecules derived from 20-carbon fatty acids[2]. The first step of eicosanoid biosynthesis is the release from phospholipids (by phospholipase A2) or diacylglycerol (by phospholipase C) of a 20-carbon essential fatty acid (EFA) containing three, four, or five double bonds, (the ω-6 DGLA, ω-6 AA or ω-3 EPA, respectively). www.dadamo.com /wiki/wiki.pl/Eicosanoid   (598 words)

Tumor necrosis factor and eicosanoid production from monocytes infected with HIV in vitro. TNF levels in supernatant after 16 h of coincubation with LPS (1 microgram/ml) and HIV were assayed by a cytotoxic assay (L929). Levels of eicosanoids in supernatant were assayed by radioimmunoassay--1/2 and 16 h post-HIV infection--after a 1 1/2 h incubation with fresh media. Eicosanoid production was not affected by JC10 1/2 h post-HIV infection. www.aegis.com /aidsline/1993/nov/M93B5423.html   (489 words)

Comprehensive eicosanoid profiling becomes reality: News from Lipomics Technologies 'We believe the ability to monitor eicosanoids with a single assay platform will help many drug companies develop better drugs for diseases such as cardiovascular disease, which causes more deaths in Americans than any other disease and is estimated by the CDC to cost over $200 billion annually in health care expenditures alone'. Eicosanoids are the central inflammatory lipid compounds of metabolism and are involved in immune response, vasodilation and constriction, macrophage recruitment, blood clotting, inflammation, pain and swelling. Eicosanoids have complex contributions to physiology, trigger inflammation and are implicated in a number of widespread disease conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, central nervous system disorders/pain, diabetes, obesity, asthma, metabolic syndrome and cancer. www.laboratorytalk.com /news/lip/lip110.html   (473 words)

Modulation of Eicosanoid Metabolism in Endothelial Cells in a Xenograft Model . Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 -- Bustos et ... aggregation, we postulated that the abnormalities in eicosanoid Eicosanoid release from porcine aortic endothelial cells after stimulation by antiendothelial cell antibodies and complement. The proinflammatory molecule IL-1 is known to be an important molecule regulator of eicosanoid metabolism. www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/100/5/1150   (4633 words)

Borage A Herb for the Heart Rats were fed diets containing different does of ALA (purified in TG form) or fish oil for 3 mo. Constant ratios of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids were maintained by concomitant increases in safflower oil as the n-6 fatty acid source. The results showed that the AA concentrations in liver platelet, and lung phospholipids and concentrations of eicosanoids synthesized in tissues were significantly suppressed both by linolenic acid and menhaden oil; however, there was a lack of a dose response within groups fed different amounts of the same dietary fat. This paper concludes that macrophages can metabolize DGLA to eicosanoids and notes that a different profile of eicosanoids is produced depending on whether AA is supplied exogenously or derived from endogenous phospholipids. www.nutrisana.com /html/bibliography/conversion.html   (2021 words)

Asmanet : Eicosanoid, Aspirin and Asthma Invited world experts reviewed eicosanoids biochemistry, their metabolic pathways and the means of pharmacological intervention. The possibile interactions between eicosanoids and nitric oxide (NO) in the experimental acute lung injury were discussed by Richard Gryglewski (Cracow, Poland). Such a characteristic disturbance in eicosanoid balance, produced by aspirin in patients intolerant to this drug, might explain precipitation of asthma attacks. www.remcomp.fr /asmanet/eicosanoids.html   (4024 words)

Trihydroxy polyunsaturated eicosanoid derivatives patent invention   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) The invention also provides compositions and methods using trihydroxy polyunsaturated eicosanoid derivatives for the prevention, amelioration and treatment of a variety of diseases or conditions associated with inflammation or inflammatory response, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, or abnormal cell proliferation or cancer. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions and methods using trihydroxy polyunsaturated eicosanoid derivatives for the prevention, amelioration and treatment of a variety of diseases or conditions associated with inflammation or inflammatory response, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, or abnormal cell proliferation or cancer. Furthermore, the development of structural derivatives of these compounds may be useful for the optimization of their pharmacological profile and other desirable drug-like properties. www.freshpatents.com /Trihydroxy-polyunsaturated-eicosanoid-derivatives-dt20051013ptan20050228047.php   (1371 words)

25-Hydroxycholesterol Increases Eicosanoids and Alters Morphology in Cultured Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle and ... PGHS-2 induction and increased eicosanoid release are characteristic Eicosanoid balance at early stages of experimental atherosclerosis: its relationship with plasma fibrinolytic activity and platelet aggregation. Eicosanoid metabolism in cholesterol enriched arterial smooth muscle cells: evidence for reduced post transcriptional processing of cyclooxygenase-1 and reduced cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression. atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/12/2901   (3494 words)

Keystone Symposia Conference | Eicosanoids in Inflammation and Chronic Diseases - Program To focus on eicosanoids as elements in chronic inflammation, it appears instructive to examine three clinical entities in which inflammation is superimposed on pathobiology modulated by genetic and environmental susceptibilities. Various eicosanoids have been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases by identification of eicosanoid producing cells within clinical lesions, positional cloning of disease associated candidate genes within the eicosanoid generating pathway, and targeted mutations within the eicosanoid generating pathway that interrupt surrogate animal models of a clinical entity. The generation of eicosanoids by leukocytes is regulated during cell differentiation and after maturation by local peripheral tissue-derived growth factors and cytokines. www.keystonesymposia.org /Meetings/ViewMeetings.cfm?MeetingID=794   (1287 words)

Oxford Biomedical Research (800) 692-4633 Eicosanoids exert their cellular action through specific G-protein coupled receptors. Rapid progress has been made in cloning of members of the family of eicosanoid receptors. Rev.46:205-229, 1995.) The molecular evolution of eicosanoid receptors has recently been reviewed by Toh, Ichikawa and Narumiya. www.oxfordbiomed.com /mi198eic.html   (141 words)

Eicosanoid Balance and Essential Fatty Acids It is a bit misleading to think of eicosanoids (or anything else) in terms of good and bad. With eicosanoids, it is not possible to use them as a supplement, because they are unstable molecules, designed to live a few seconds at most, and only in the milieu of the body. As the essential fatty acids are metabolized in the body, they transform, eventually, into eicosanoids, also known as "prostaglandins." Other names for good and bad eicosanoids are: "prostaglandins one" and "prostaglandins two," abbreviated "PGE-1" and "PGE-2," for prostaglandins E-1 and prostaglandins E-2. www.medical-library.net /sites/eicosanoid_balance_and_essential_fatty_acids.html   (3674 words)

Low-density lipoproteins supply phospholipid-bound arachidonic acid for platelet eicosanoid production -- Dobner and ... The formation of eicosanoids from AA could be altered by the presence of the lipoproteins per se (1, 30) or by pretreatment Platelet and neutrophil function and eicosanoid release in a subject with abetalipoproteinemia. The LDL receptor pathway delivers arachidonic acid for eicosanoid formation in cells stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor. ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/5/E777   (3790 words)

Lipid Metabolism As we shall encounter later, arachindonate is a precursor for the eicosanoids (the prostaglandins and thromboxanes). The eicosanoids produce a wide range of biological effects on inflammatory responses (predominantly those of the joints, skin and eyes), on the intensity and duration of pain and fever, and on reproductive function (including the induction of labor). The principal eicosanoids of biological significance to humans are a group of molecules derived from the C web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/lipid-synthesis.html   (4721 words)

Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues -- Zhou and Nilsson 42 (10): 1521 -- Journal of Lipid ... The concentration of eicosanoid precursors and DHA in membranes of eicosanoid precursors in membrane and plasma lipids. with eicosanoid synthesis in the cells (168) in a manner that www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/42/10/1521   (9845 words)

Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes -- Noverr et al. 16 (3): 517 -- ... Eicosanoids are biologically active lipids derived from dihomo- Chemical structures of the 18- and 20-carbon fatty acid molecules that serve as the precursors for eicosanoid and oxylipin synthesis. of eicosanoids is their potency at very low (nanomolar) concentrations. cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/16/3/517   (7134 words)

The eicosanoid cascade: possible role in gliomas and meningiomas -- Nathoo et al. 57 (1): 6 -- Journal of Clinical ... The eicosanoid cascade: possible role in gliomas and meningiomas -- Nathoo et al. Once AA is released from phospholipids, it is oxidised by one of three different groups of oxygenases into AA metabolites eicosanoids. COX and 5-LO derived eicosanoids stimulate cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, and motility, in addition to angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, and inflammation, thus playing important roles in tumour growth and promotion. jcp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/57/1/6   (5916 words)

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