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	Eight Banners - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The banners were established by Nurhaci in the early seventeenth century (the exact date is unsure) and grew to become the core elite of the Qing empire.
		A hierarchy obtained among the Eight Banners, with the so-called three upper banners (Plain Yellow, Bordered Yellow, Bordered White) directly responsible to the emperor himself and five lower banners responsible to imperial princes; later, all the banners were placed under the direct control of the emperor.
		Although the banners were instrumental in the Qing Empire takeover of China proper in the 17th century from the Ming Empire, they began to atrophy in the 18th century, and were shown to be ineffective for modern warfare by the second half of the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eight_Banners (724 words)

	Banner system
		Although the banners were instrumental in the Qing Dynasty takeover of China in the 17th century, they began to atrophy in the 18th century, and were militarily useless by the 19th century.
		The Banners proved unable to either defeat Western powers such as Britain in the Opium Wars nor were they able to defend the dynasty against internal revolts such as the Taiping Rebellion.
		Nevertheless, the banners remained in existence as a military force (albeit a useless one) until the fall of the Qing in 1911.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Banner_system.html (258 words)

	AAS Abstracts: China Session 47 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In "Widows and Widow Chastity in the Eight Banners," Elliott investigates the treatment of widows within the banners (including their "repatriation" to Beijing following the husband's death) and the remarkable shift in attitudes toward widow chastity among the Manchus.
		Looking at both Beijing and the provincial garrison cities, the paper shows that marriage between males in the banners and Han women was nothing unusual and that in most instances the Qing government did not interfere with such matches; the marriage of banner women to Han males, however, was a punishable offense.
		As members of a dynastic elite banner women were subject to much closer supervision by the state than were commoner Han Chinese women, and their marital status was not simply a family matter, but a matter for the banner bureaucracy as well.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1997abst/china/c47.htm (1021 words)

	Qing Dynasty - China History - China
		Eight Banners were military institutions set up to provide a structure with which the Manchu `bannermen' were meant to identify.
		One of his most important achievements was the creation of eight banner units responsible for the civil and military administration of all its troops and their families.
		The policy of posting Banner troops as territorial garrison was not to protect but to inspire awe in the subjugated Chinese populace at the expense of their expertise as cavalry.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Qing_Dynasty (4919 words)

	Eight Hour Day - News Archive
		The group of eight banners are of historical, social and aesthetic significance to the state of Victoria.
		The banners are important historical documents visually depicting the concerns of workers, the nature of their work, and the social and cultural aspirations and identity of trade unions.
		The Eight Hour Monument is of social significance for many people as a symbol of labour activism and a place where the Eight hour movement continues to be remembered and celebrated.
	www.8hourday.org.au /news_archive.asp?print=yes (892 words)

	b. The Qing Dynasty. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Military garrisons of the eight Manchu banners were distributed among strategic provincial cities, though Han Chinese were appointed in the provinces to the command of Chinese auxiliary troops.
		Four Chinese were sent as governors to hold the south and southwest during the Shunzhi reign at the beginning of the dynasty.
		After eight years of fighting, the rebels were quelled with the help of other Han generals.
	www.bartleby.com /67/852.html (1250 words)

	Homepage
		Eight and Eight Ltd. will place your logo or banner on the www.eight-and-eight.com website in a location to be decided at the discretion of Eight and Eight Ltd.
		Both Eight and Eight Ltd. and the applicant must agree on the location of banners or logos before they are published on the Internet.
		Eight and Eight Ltd. gives no guarantee that (a) the service will meet the requirements of the applicant; (b) the service will be uninterrupted, timely, secure, or error-free; (c) the results that may be obtained from the use of the service will be accurate or reliable; (d) any software errors will be corrected.
	www.eight-and-eight.com /cmi/linkConditions.html (429 words)

	Manchuria
		He is assisted by the three Siun-fu (governors) of the provinces, a senior and a junior secretary to the government (Tso Ts'an-tsan and Yu Ts'an-tsan) and commissioners of education, of justice, for foreign affairs, for banner affairs, for internal affairs, of finance, for Mongolian affairs.
		The Eight Banners (Pa-k'i) of the Manchu army are divided into two classes, the three superior and five inferior banners, distinguished by their colours:
		There are eight banners of each of the following nationalities: Manchu, Mongolian, Chinese (Han-kiun), consisting of the descendants of the natives of northern China who helped the Manchu invaders in the seventeenth century.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/manchuria.html (1229 words)

	[No title]
		At the reunion of the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America and the Presbyterian Church in the United States to form the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) in 1983, it was resolved that a new statement of faith be written and included as our ninth confessional document.
		A banner designed by Gay M. Sorenson, a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Port Charlotte, Florida, to symbolize this document, was included in The Book of Confessions, beginning with the 1997 edition.
		The first eight were made in 1979, and the A Brief Statement of Faith banner in 2003.
	www.fpcrich.org /banners.html (1260 words)

	Welcome to St John Maron, Williamsville NY
		Eight banners for the Season of Announcements and eight banners for the Season of Great Lent were designed and made by our Sunday school students.
		Beginning with the Season of Announcements, eight banners reflect the Seven Sundays in preparation for Christmas and conclude with the eighth banner dedicated to the manger and Christmas.
		The banners are displayed in a chronological order on the eight beams of our church.
	www.stjohnmaron.org /education.html (315 words)

	Historic Banners on Display at Melbourne Museum \| Art Knowledge News
		These historical banners on display in Victorian Trade Union Banners were made specifically for the processions held each Eight Hour Day, later renamed Labour Day, with the banners being stored for the remainder of the year.
		The Eight Hour Day became a symbol of the rights of workers to organize to achieve their rights not only as workers, but as citizens in a democratic society.
		Banners on display include reproduction of the original 1856 banner along with eight historical banners, seven of which have been conserved by Museum Victoria, and five contemporary banners from the 1980s.
	www.artknowledgenews.com /Trade_Union_Banners-Eight-Hour-Day-in_Victoria_Australia.html (467 words)

	Brian Patton » Banners Speak Volumes
		By looking at Allen’s banners, however, it is unclear what office he is seeking.
		Banner #3 is a big part of Dick Wadhams’ strategy.
		Two of the banners say the candidate is running for “U.S. Senate”.
	brianpatton.org /2006/04/07/banners-speak-volumes (317 words)

	Hang your client from a RR trestle
		The majority of bridge banners sold are five- by 50-feet, Blunda says.
		Banners must be produced on 12- to 18-ounce reinforced vinyl and must be UV coated.
		Banners must be received by Viacom a minimum of 10 working days prior to installation.
	www.medialifemagazine.com /news2002/feb02/feb25/1_mon/news5monday.html (691 words)

	The Manchu Way
		Elliot’s institutional history of the Eight Banner system up to the Qianlong reforms of the mid-eighteenth century shows exactly how ethnic sovereignty evolved in practice.
		Because banner status was hereditary, it was imbued with an interesting caste-like quality that allowed bannermen to maintain their sense of identity even when they could no longer speak Manchu, ride a horse or pull a hard bow.
		The book’s final discussion of the eighteenth century reforms of the banner system is fascinating, but it also raises questions which are left unanswered in the end.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/pgp/elliotmanchuway.htm (738 words)

	Presbyterian churches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Marsh, choir director, of the Port Jervis, New York, Presbyterian Church devised eight banners symbolic of the confessions.
		After these eight banners there is also depicted a banner called "A brief statement of Faith", symbolizing the church's beliefs.
		I'm not sure how official this flag is. The logo of the PCUSA is always, as far as I know, used by Presbyterian churches and related bodies as either blue on white or white on blue, in both cases with red flames at the base of the cross.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/rel-pres.html (900 words)

	Web Hosting, Cheap web hosting, Domains, Domain Name - Omnis Network is the #1 cheap web hosting provider
		Banners are usually one of the tools that you are given.
		The one we use is a cgi based script which allows you to load as many banners into it as you want to rotate and place a short one line of html code on your page.
		One other neat thing about this is that you can have the banners rotate on as many pages as you want and you only need to set the script up once on your site.
	www.omnis.com /knowledge/1442.html (806 words)

	Qing Military - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The socio-military nature of the Banner system dictated that population within each branch and their sub-division into eight banners were hereditary and rigid, and only under special circumstances were social movements between banners permitted.
		The walled city was then portioned out to the eight Banners, each responsibled for guarding a section of the city that surrounded the Forbidden City palace (紫禁城).
		The policy of using Banner troops as territorial garrison was not just to protect but more importantly to inspire awe in the Chinese populous at the expense of the Banner troop's expetise as calvary.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=196 (1668 words)

	The manchu Eight Banners - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We all know the eight banners were divided into the Upper 3 Banners (Plain and Bordered Yellow Banners) and Lower 5 Banners (the rest)..
		According to the article, status-wise, the personnel of Three Banners of the Inner Court (内府三旗) seemed to be lower than their counterparts in other Banners.
		This coupled with financial incentives (the Ming court controlled the iron trade, access to which was crucial to Jurchen 'advancement'), the occasional natural disaster and things like traditional Jurchen settlement patterns, lead to a great deal of chaos in the northeast, lots of death and lots of moving around.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=10209 (956 words)

	Link to our Site
		Banners should be 60x480 pixels and no larger than 15K.
		On receipt of your completed form, Eight and Eight Ltd. will consider your application carefully and reply as soon as possible.
		The agreement between the applicant and Eight and Eight Ltd. to exchange banners or logos is outlined below.
	www.eight-and-eight.com /cmi/link2us.html (168 words)

	Advertise With Us
		Banner advertising rates, development fees and sizes are listed to the right for our static and animated banners.
		There will only be eight banners, so your banner would always be displayed.
		The eight banners will load in a random order to ensure no banner stays at bottom or top of the banner stack.
	www.dnet.net /promotion/adWithUs.asp (193 words)

	Banners Promote Downtown Hazleton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The banners, a project of the Greater Hazleton Chamber of Commerce’s Downtown Committee, sport a winter scene with a snowman and snowflakes.
		The winter banners, fifty-eight in all which measure 30”x60”, will adorn Broad, Wyoming, and part of Church streets until March when the spring theme banners will be erected.
		The banner project will be an ongoing project of the committee, and anyone who has not already purchased a banner but would like to do so, can call the Greater Hazleton Chamber of Commerce at 570-455-1508.
	www.hazletonchamber.org /chamber/news_020103.htm (351 words)

	FPCE November 2001 Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The eight banners contain symbols of the content and historical settings of the confessions of faith.
		The eight banners include: Banner 1—The Nicene Creed, Banner 2—The Apostles’ Creed, Banner 3—The Scot Confession, Banner 4—The Heidelberg Catechism, Banner 5—The Second Helvetic Confession, Banner 6—The Westminster Confession and Shorter Catechism, Banner 7—The Theological Declaration of Barmen, and Banner 8—The Confession of 1967.
		These eight banners were more than two years in the making and the Parish Life extends thanks to all who contributed in their production.
	www.nb.net /~fpce/November2001Newsletter.html (1944 words)

	Manchu Qing Dynasty - Part I -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Aside from original four banners of yellow, red, blue and white, comprising of 7500 soldiers each banner, Nurhachi set up four extra 'embedded banners' of yellow, red, blue and white [in AD 1615 per http://www.secretchina.com/news/articles/4/7/2/67823.html].
		The original four banners were assigned as left wing, and the embedded four banners were assigned as right wing.
		The Manchus boasted of an army of 220,000 for the Eight Banners of Manchu, Mongol and Han respectively.
	www.republicanchina.org /ManchuQing.html (13929 words)

	NewsRegister.com
		BEAVERTON - Jesuit continued its tradition of athletic excellence, as a large banner in the school's Knight Physical Education building proudly proclaims, with a 69-50 nonleague win over McMinnville on Tuesday.
		In the gym, 54 banners represent state victories held by the private Catholic school in Beaverton with annual tuition of about $7,000.
		Another eight banners show the school's all-around success.
	www.newsregister.com /news/story_print.cfm?story_no=159315 (680 words)

	HitExchange - Compare Banner Exchanges
		Three banner sizes are available: 400 x 40, 400 x 50, and 468 x 60 (dimension in pixels).
		When animation is disabled, all banners displayed at that site will be static--animated banners will be frozen at their last frames.
		If a member submits animated banners for display, then that member must allow banner animation at his or her own site.
	www.hitx.net /help-compare-2.html (330 words)

	Gomberg Kites: Banners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Each banner system include a SolarMax fabric banner sail (sewn in the USA), 16.5 foot telescopic fiberglass pole, 12 foot streamers, ground stake, and storage bag.
		If you are interested in a custom banner, please email us your team name and colors along with any logo or artwork you may currently be using.
		Banners are appliqué sewn and made from UV resistant nylon flag fabric.
	www.gombergkites.com /bnr/bann.html (637 words)

	X-Ray Mag - International Dive Magazine. Subscription is free
		Each bannerposition rotates eight banners - each equally weighted.
		A particular banner is thus seen with a frequency of 12,5% when moving though the pages of the site and revisiting or refreshing a particular page.
		Banners booked for a period more than 30 dage will also be included free of charge under classifieds in the next issue of Xray-magazine.
	www.xray-mag.com /modules/fsArticle/index.php?articleid=46 (195 words)

	Eight Legged Freaks Banners
		Below, please find the banners for Eight Legged Freaks.
		The flash banners can be saved by right clicking on the download link and choosing the "save target as" option.
		In most instances, there are 2 versions of the same banner - one with the release date and one with "Now Playing."
	movies.warnerbros.com /pub/movie/8freaks/banners/8lfbanners.htm (51 words)

	Memorial United Methodist Church Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Check out the new banners in the nave - they are a stunning reflection of Memorial’s commitment to accepting and trying to understand all our brothers and sisters in this world.
		Each religion’s prayer for peace was read as Memorial’s children held up the banners for the congregation to see, and then Ken McHale (facilitator of Memorial’s interfaith group) hung them on the wall.
		The eight banners (plus an additional banner representing Native American Spirituality) then criss-crossed throughout the Western Jurisdiction schools of Christian Mission, visiting several states, including Alaska.
	www.gbgm-umc.org /memorialny/news020105.html (1797 words)

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