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Topic: Eight-hour workday

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May Day My main purpose was to unite all workers in behalf of eight hours for the miners, and thereby assure their moral and financial support, my second purpose was to strengthen the local movements. The Democratic committee, apprehensive that whatever credit might come from establishing eight hours would be entirely absorbed by the Republican President and inured to the advantage of the Republican Party, adopted an eight-hour declaration as one of the planks of its platform. It was decided to concentrate activity and to establish eight hours for one trade each year, the E. to select the one best prepared to secure the shorter work-day each year. www.marxists.org /subject/mayday/articles/gompers.html

GOVERNMENT CODE - CHAPTER 605 (d) A laborer, worker, or mechanic who works in an emergency described by Subsection (c) more than eight hours in a calendar day is entitled to be paid according to the workday provided by Subsection (a). Eight hours of work in a calendar day constitute a day's work for a laborer, worker, or mechanic employed by or on behalf of the state or a political subdivision of the state for the construction, repair, or improvement of a building, bridge, road, highway, stream, or levee or for other similar work. An employer who complies with the overtime provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. § 201 et seq.) is considered to comply with the eight-hour day requirements of this chapter and is not civilly or criminally liable for a violation of the requirements. www.capitol.state.tx.us /statutes/docs/GV/content/htm/gv.006.00.000605.00.htm

knights of labor The eight-hour workday was an issue that brought together all labor groups and became a rallying point for socialists and anarchists as well. After Haymarket, the eight-hour workday movement was abolished and the Knights of Labor went into sudden decline. Parsons was one of the eight men convicted for the bombings, and he viewed Powderly's lack of support with bitterness and in a letter to the editor of the Chicago Times on July 26, 1886, stated, " The labor movement means the downfall of bosses, of dictators, and of rulers. www.uhigh.ilstu.edu /soc/labor/knights_of_labor.htm

WWW.TABLETNEWSPAPER.COM--POLITICS Law enforcement, in league with mill-owners who were against the eight-hour workday, arrested hundreds of socialists, anarchists and trade unionists in an attempt to crush the labor movement. On May 1st, 1886, the fight for the eight-hour workday was on, and union workers decided to simply work an eight-hour shift and then go home. Eight men were put on trial for the bombing, although two of the men were not at the meeting when the bomb was thrown, and the third was on the speaker's platform and could not have committed the act. www.tabletnewspaper.com /politics/archive/30_november.html

May Day - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The 1 May date is used because in 1884 the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, inspired by Labor's 1872 success in Canada, demanded an eight-hour workday in the United States, to come in effect as of May 1, 1886. This resulted in the general strike and the U.S. Haymarket Riot of 1886, but eventually also in the official sanction of the eight-hour workday. The holiday is most often associated with the commemoration of the social and economic achievements of the labor movement. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/May_Day

FIGHT FOR THE FOUR-HOUR WORKDAY!! It was the direct action and the sacrifice of working people that forced the capitalist-controlled institutions to eliminate the 12- and 16-hour workdays, to fail to rely on child labor, and to enact workplace safety standards. It is because of this that we see people working 50-, 60-, and even 80- hour work weeks again, and child labor is again in the vogue. In the continued decline of unionism (wrought by the ineffectiveness of the trade unions, incidentally -- whose principal purpose is to keep divided workers working, rather than safeguarding their rights), capitalists have more power than ever, and have sought to flex their muscle in their endless quest for increased profits. www.cat.org.au /a4a/four.html

donkey o.d. pearls The slogan for the movement to get an 8-hour workday was "8 Hours Labor, 8 Hours Recreation, 8 Hours Rest." There were huge demonstrations and labor strikes throughout the 1870s and the 1880s in support of the eight hour workday. The eight-hour workday didn't become federal law until 1933, when Congress enacted the National Industrial Recovery Act, which provided for the establishment of maximum hours, minimum wages, and the right to collective bargaining. When most other factory owners had their employees working more than fifty hours a week, Henry Ford mandated that his employees work only five eight-hour days a week, because he believed that employees with a little time on their hands would be better consumers, and therefore better for business. donkeyodquotes.blogspot.com /2005/08/it-was-on-this-day-in-1862-that-newly.html

Wilson v. New If it be said that the second, the depriving of all power to change the wages during the fixed period, is but ancillary to the first command, the standard of eight hours, that would not make the prohibition as to any change of wages any the less a fixing of wages. As to the second, this is equally true because of the provision of section three forbidding any lowering of wages as a result of applying the eight-hour standard established by section one during the limited period prescribed in section two. It certainly would not change the question of power unless it could be assumed that the legislative power to fix one thing, the standard of hours, could be enforced by exerting the power to do another, fix the wages, although there was no legislative authority to exert the latter power. supct.law.cornell.edu /supct/search/display.html?terms=religion%20and%20free%20or%20establishment&url=/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0243_0332_ZO.html

Workplace Flexibility Act Eight Hour Day Business Employment Law Under an alternative workweek schedule, the employee is entitled to overtime where he or she works more than the regularly scheduled hours under the agreement or more than 40 hours in a workweek. In Week 2, the employee's daily overtime total is 4 hours, and his or her weekly overtime total is 0 hours. In Week 1, the employee's daily overtime total is 4 hours, and his or her weekly overtime total is 8 hours. www.castlelaw.com /ot-law.htm

H-Net Review: Robert Whaples on Kellogg's Six-Hour Day The five-day work week with an eight-hour workday came to be seen as the norm over a half a century ago and it is still seen as the norm today. In mid-1946, employees reaffirmed their commitment to the short workday, with eighty-seven percent of women and seventy-one percent of men voting for six hours. As part of the contract negotiations, the union conducted a secret ballot election, in which two-thirds of workers registered their preference for the six-hour workday, with a few smaller departments opting to keep their eight-hour shifts. www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=9864906483241

16806 She specifically complained that the DOC was not allowing her paid personal and holiday leave time for her entire earned workday but was allowing her only eight hours of paid leave and was unilaterally deducting the difference from her vacation time. In this appeal, the Supreme Court will determine whether the trial court properly determined that the employee was entitled to personal and holiday leave on the basis of her irregular workday rather than the standard eight hour workday for state employees. This employee worked a nonstandard week in which she averaged forty hours per week, but her workdays exceeded the standard eight hour shift. www.jud.state.ct.us /external/supapp/summaries/Docket/16806.htm

May Day It was decided that beginning to-day they should go to work at 8 o'clock in the morning, take an hour for dinner, and quit at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, thus being in service eight hours. The employers replied, granting an hour's less work per day without reduction of pay, and beer at 6, 9, 11, 12, and 4 o'clock, not more than three glasses to be drank, however, at one time. Employes say that a majority of the men would vote for 10 hours' work per day, as the firm had announced that wages would be regulated by the number of hours of work. www.marxists.org /subject/mayday/articles/times.html

San Francisco Building and Construction Trades Council - Organized Labor: The Real May Day The federation called for workers to negotiate with their employers for an eight-hour workday and, if that failed, to strike on May 1 in support of the demand. Eight hours for work remains the standard in the United States and every other industrial nation and at least an aspiration in others. By 1867, the federal government, six states and several cities had passed laws limiting their employees' hours to eight per day. www.sfbctc.org /mayday52801.htm

No. 6272 Kathy Duerr, local Union President the past eight years and a member of the Union's bargaining team, testified that her understanding of the disputed language in Article VI, Section B, was that the workday would be confined to eight (8) hours. It is also consistent with bargaining history wherein the District has repeatedly attempted to bargain a minimum workday of eight hours in order to respond to community perceptions that a minority of teachers came to school late and left early. The Board also countered that the eight (8) hour day could be lengthened on the front-end or back-end for up to 90 minutes per month with 24 hours notice, except in case of emergency or unforeseen circumstances. www.wisbar.org /res/wercg/2001/6272.htm

Uncle Phaedrus, Finder of Lost Recipes Eight agitators were arrested for the bombing and tried in an atmosphere of hysteria. A lot of industries adopted the 8 hour day because of the massive organizing and international solidarity that resulted from those strikes and the Haymarket Affair., but it was a continuing struggle for many workers. In 1890, when the government first began tracking workers' hours, the average workweek for full-time manufacturing employees was 100 hours and 102 hours for building tradesmen. www.hungrybrowser.com /phaedrus/m0312F04.htm

Article - Time Off In California: State And Federal Laws On Employee Leave, Vacations And Holidays Any work over eight hours in one workday; any work over 40 hours in any one workweek; and the first eight hours worked on the seventh day in any one workweek must be compensated at no less than one and one half times the regular pay rate. The employer is permitted to provide a work schedule not to exceed eight hours in a workday, to accommodate an employee who was hired after the election and is unable to work the alternative schedule. If the total hours worked is no more than 12 hours, the second meal break may be waived by mutual consent of the employer and the employee, but only if the first meal break was not waived. www.lawmemo.com /articles/timeoff.htm

Autonomy and Responsibility: The Start of Labor Unions Six states enacted the eight-hour workday, but four of them had exceptions to the rule, so the NLU was not as successful as it seemed on the surface. The NLU worked towards their main goal of obtaining an eight-hour workday for the people. The workers argued that shorter workdays would improve their health, welfare, and opportunities for education and advancement, and said it would spread work more evenly thus protecting jobs. homepages.udayton.edu /~santamjc/winter2000-11/christinaharris.html

Livelyhood - How the Weekend was Won Wilson moved to end the eight-hour workday because of what he said were changing conditions in the workplace. The notion of the eight-hour workday consumed the whole state of California in the final years of the 20th Century. One of his first actions as governor was to restore the eight-hour workday to California by signing AB60 into law. www.pbs.org /livelyhood/workday/weekend/8hourworkday.html

Wage Law - Mike Herrick An employer shall be permitted to provide a work schedule not to exceed eight hours in a workday to accommodate any employee who was hired after the date of the election and who is unable to work the alternative schedule established as the result of that election. An overtime rate of compensation of no less than double the regular rate of pay of the employee shall be paid for any work in excess of 12 hours per day and for any work in excess of eight hours on those days worked beyond the regularly scheduled workdays established by the alternative workweek agreement. In addition, any work in excess of eight hours on any seventh day of a workweek shall be compensated at the rate of no less than twice the regular rate of pay of an employee. www.wagelaw.com /newlaw.htm

78-history-mayday.html The U.S. working class was catapulted by this incident to the head of the world's workers' movement and particularly to the forefront of the movement to achieve the eight hour workday with a new round of strikes and demonstrations. The intense support for the eight hour movement and the growing strength of the workers around this issue caused a panic among the employing class, prompting businessmen to grant more than 30,000 workers the eight hour day in April 1886, weeks before the May 1 deadline. In 1884 a resolution passed by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada (forerunner to the American Federation of Labor) declared that eight hours would be the length of the legal work day after May 1, 1886. www.reclaimingquarterly.org /78/78-history-mayday.html

Eight-hour workday Organization of Black Screenwriters Categories are original screenplays, half-hour and one hour television spec scripts, and half-hour and one hour television pilot scripts. Rush Hour 2 MusicOMH.com reviews Rush Hour 2, starring Jackie Chan. Come share your thoughts, frustrations, and solutions to "The Workday that Wouldn't Die." Plus, learn about alternative work schedules and compelling discussions on the workday. www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Eight-hour_workday.html

Work Day Language in Policy 2510 At this month’s meeting, the State Board of Education voted 8-1 to reinsert the definition of the “8 hour workday” to State Board Policy 2510. At the same time, principals shouldn’t be able to force teachers to work extra hours before and after school, Lange said. The curriculum changes were designed to bolster high school graduation requirements, and improve student math and art instruction. www.wvea.org /teaching-learning/2510.asp

reimer - laundry workers Washington State was one of the first four states to enact a minimum wage and an eight- hour workday for women. The eight-hour workday passed once fisheries and canneries were exempted from the law. The strike agreement called for a minimum wage of $9 a week with an eight hour day for inside women apprentices, and a minimum wage of $10 a week with an eight hour day for women journeymen with the number of apprentices limited. faculty.washington.edu /gregoryj/strike/reimer.htm

Untitled Hundreds were arrested, eight union leaders were accused of murder, but not of throwing the bomb. Hundreds of thousands of workers secured increases in their wages and reduced their hours of labor in the strikes on and around May 1, 1890. Despite efforts in our country by the giant corporate media and their subsidized think tanks to negate, substitute, and trash this workers' holiday, it continues, throughout the world, to be a day during which labor's banners affirm their struggle for a better life. www.pww.org /past-weeks-2001/May%20Day%20has%20proud%20history.htm

FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code Notwithstanding this medical evidence, the ALJ found that "[Tackett] could sit throughout an eight hour workday with normal breaks every two hours to allow for the need to change his position." Consequently, the ALJ determined that Tackett could work the full range of sed- entary jobs and that application of the grids was therefore appropriate. It is easy to imagine the problems this non-exertional limitation would cause in many sedentary jobs which require sitting during most or all of an eight hour day such as some assembly line jobs, or jobs as a phone operator or dispatcher. Because the ALJ believed that Tackett could sit through an eight-hour work day with normal breaks every two hours, the ALJ concluded that Tackett's residual functional capabilities allowed him to perform the full range of sedentary work and that use of the grids was appropriate. caselaw.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?navby=search&case=/uscircs/9th/9736120.html

[Regents Prep U.S. History] Human Systems & Society: Response of Labor Although the National Labor Union failed to convince Congress to shorten the workday, its efforts made the public aware of labor issues. That meant that men, women and children were hired for very low wages, usually worked in dangerous or unhealthy conditions, and often worked for twelve or more hours. Struck down by the Supreme Court in May 1935, the Recovery Act was soon replaced by the Wagner Act, which assured workers the right to unionize. www.regentsprep.org /Regents/ushisgov/themes/humansystems/responseoflabor.cfm

start.html After May 1st anyone who was not on the eight hour workday was to cease work until their employers agreed. The movement became known as the eight hour movement with songs, various strikes and the secret organizations running their own newspapers denouncing the current working conditions and hours. The article gave them some encouragement and soon secret societies were started to work for the eight hour day and workers rights (there were no labor laws, if a person got sick, hospitalized or just missed work they were immediately fired with no compensation. my.execpc.com /~blake/start.htm

Ernst Abbe The eight-hour workday would be widely emulated in the United States until its use in the next by the Ford Motor Company 1914 although it was proclaimed in 1884. Abbe is best known for his work optics ; however during his association with Carl Zeiss ' microscope works in Jena he introduced the eight-hour workday in remembrance of the 14-hour workday his own father. www.freeglossary.com /Ernst_Abbe

This Day in History Though the workers, who had hit the picket line to protest for shorter hours, were victims of violence, the ugly affair, along with the ensuing Haymarket Riot, branded the push for the eight-hour day as a radical movement. The increase, which brought minimum pay to $5.15 an hour, was the first time the wage had received a boost in five years. The public picked up the call for shorter hours, as did some legislators: Federal employees were the first to enjoy truncated days when Congress passed appropriate legislation in 1863. www.historychannel.com /tdih/tdih.jsp?month=10272960&day=10272985&cat=10272950

Inside the AFL-CIO #24 After decades of struggle, a lot of working people achieved their dream of eight hours of work, eight hours of rest and eight hours to do whatever they chose. The ILO estimates that Americans work 137 hours, or about 3 ½ weeks, more per year than Japanese workers; 260 hours or 6 ½ weeks more than the British, and 499 hours or 12 ½ weeks more than Germans. The 12-hour shift with weekend work at straight time is now standard in our steel, rubber, auto, chemical, transportation, plastic and other manufacturing industries. www.laboreducator.org /inside24.htm

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