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Topic: Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

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	Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Eighteenth Amendment of Bunreacht na hÉireann, the constitution of the Republic of Ireland, permitted the state to ratify the Amsterdam Treaty.
		It was effected by the Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act, 1998, which was approved by referendum on 22nd May 1998 and signed into law on the 3rd June of the same year.
		The Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution was one of a number of amendments that have been made to expressly permit the state to ratify changes to the founding treaties of the European Union (others have been the Tenth, Eleventh and Twenty-sixth Amendments).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland (455 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Co... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Amendment XIV (the Fourteenth Amendment) of the United States Constitution is one of the post-Civil War amendments and includes the due process and equal protection clauses.
		The Supreme Court limited the reach of the Amendment, however, by holding in the Slaughterhouse Cases that the "privileges and immunities" clause did not create any new federal rights, then holding in the Civil Rights Cases that the Amendment did not authorize Congress to outlaw racial discrimination on the part of private individuals or organizations.
		Thus, on July 28, Seward was able to certify unconditionally that the amendment was part of the constitution without having to endorse Congress's assertion that the withdrawals were ineffective.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Co... (1642 words)

	THE CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND
		This unofficial text of the Constitution is based on the text published prior to the referendum and voted on by the people in 1937 together with the subsequent amendments passed by the Oireachtas and voted on in referendum.
		A crucial Article of the 1922 Constitution was Article 50, which provided for the amendment of the Constitution by the Oireachtas, without reference to the people, for a period of eight years from the date of the coming into effect of the operation of the Constitution.
		The Draft Constitution Bill was recommitted to a Committee of the entire House on 9th June, 1937 in respect of amendments and finally, on 14th June, 1937, the final stage of the Bill was moved in the House.
	www.johnpghall.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /constit.htm (5960 words)

	Tax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In US constitutional law, for instance, direct taxes refer to poll taxes and property taxes, which are based on simple existence or ownership.
		Until 1913 the United States Constitution required that all direct taxes be apportioned according to population.
		Taxation as a percentage of GDP is today (2003) 56.1% in Denmark, 54.5% in France, 49.0% in the Euro area, 42.6% in the United Kingdom, 35.7% in the United States, 35.2% in The Republic of Ireland, and among all OECD members an average of 40.7%.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tax (5753 words)

	Dail Debates Official Report - 29-06-00
		Under the terms of the constitutional amendment, such exercise is subject to the prior approval of both Houses of the Oireachtas.
		The courts in that country considered it was better for the child to be in an institution in that country rather than with the mother in Ireland because, by being in the institution in that country, the child was nearer to the extended family of the father.
		The recital states that the United Kingdom and Ireland in accordance with Article 3 of the protocol, the Treaty on European Union and the treaty establishing the European Community are not participating in the option as regulated and are, therefore, not bound by it.
	www.gov.ie /debates-00/10oct/sect3.htm (15322 words)

	A CRITICAL GUIDE TO THE SECOND AMENDMENT
		Robert Bork, for example, has described the Ninth Amendment as an "inkblot" whose meaning cannot be deciphered,[5] and has referred to the right of privacy as a "loose canon in the law."[6] Supporters of such sexual rights, on the other hand, tend to take rather expansive views of what the Ninth Amendment protects.
		Rather, the Second Amendment adheres to the guarantee of the right of the people to keep and bear arms as the predicate for the other provision to which it speaks, i.e., the provision respecting a militia, as distinct from a standing army separately subject to congressional...
		The purpose of the right to bear arms is twofold: to allow individuals to protect themselves and their families, and to ensure a body of armed citizenry from which a militia could be drawn,[60] whether that militia's role was to protect the nation, or to protect the people from a tyrannical government.
	www.guncite.com /journals/reycrit.html (16342 words)

	Titles of Nobility Amendment Claims are Bullshit
		But even before the ratification of the Twenty-seventh Amendment gave the other amendments to the Constitution that were submitted to the states but not ratified(20) their fifteen Warhollian minutes of fame, TONA also had received attention from a different--and disturbing--source.
		Article V of the Constitution does not specify whether the states that are to ratify an amendment are those in existence when an amendment is submitted to the states, or also includes those that join the Union after the amendment has been submitted to the states but prior to ratification.
		The Constitution's nobility clauses on occasion have been invoked by courts,(177) although most suits filed claiming a violation of the clauses are meritless.(178) Although we should not allow ourselves to be deceived and distracted by TONA proponents, we should attempt to address the root causes of their alienation.
	www.iowatelecom.net /~sharkhaus/tona_explanation.html (10581 words)

	WHETHER THE SECOND AMENDMENT SECURES AN INDIVIDUAL RIGHT
		The First Amendment secures "the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances," and the Fourth safeguards "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures." In addition, the Ninth Amendment refers to "rights.
		The Second Amendment's preface identifies as a justification for the individual right that a necessary condition for an effective citizen militia, and for the "free State" that it helps to secure, is a citizenry that is privately armed and able to use its private arms.
		The Preamble of the Constitution states the goal of making "secure the Blessings of Liberty," and the Fourth Amendment highlights the importance of the individual "right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects." A secure free State was one in which liberties and rights were secure.
	billstclair.com /secondamendment2.html (14032 words)

	ICL - Ireland Index
		The most striking feature of Ireland's Constitution used to be its Anti-Divorce provision in Article 41.
		Dec 1997: The Taoiseach announces that the All-Party Oireachtas Committee on the Constitution is to consider cabinet confidentiality with a view to facilitating another referndum on the matter.
		A referendum to enshrine Cabinet confidentiality in the Constitution and provide for two exceptions to the absolute rule is carried by 52.65 per cent to 47.335 per cent.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/ei__indx.html (1258 words)

	Law Books January 2006 Antiquarian and Scholarly Law Books
		Written to discuss his “peculiar views of the Constitution” (1), it offers a detailed exposition of his willingness to “take the Constitution...as it is, and to expound it by the accepted rules of interpretation” (37).
		Blackstone’s Case of the Late Election for the County of Middlesex, Considered On the Principles of the Constitution was published anonymously in 1769.
		It was clear by 1818 that the amendment failed to receive the prerequisite number of ratifications, but even as late as the 1840s it was widely assumed that the amendment was part of the Constitution.
	www.lawbookexchange.com /jan06/law-books-jan06-2a.html (7849 words)

	ROMER v EVANS - Legal Case Documents
		The proposed constitutional amendment was put d passed by a margin of 813,966 to 710,151 (53.4% to 46.6%).
		The enactment challenged in this case is an amendment to the Constitution of the State of Colorado, adopted in a 1992 statewide referendum.
		Whether it is or not is precisely the cultural debate that gave rise to the Colorado constitutional amendment (and to the preferential laws against which the amendment was directed).
	www.legalcasedocs.com /120/243/726.html (4814 words)

	The Right to Keep and Bear Arms
		Commentaries on the Constitution" considered the right to keep and bear arms as "the palladium of the liberties of the republic", which deterred tyranny and enabled the citizenry at large to overthrow it should it come to pass.
		What the Subcommittee on the Constitution uncovered was clear — and long lost — proof that the second amendment to our Constitution was intended as an individual right of the American citizen to keep and carry arms in a peaceful manner, for protection of himself, his family, and his freedoms.
		Indeed, the debates over the Constitution constantly referred to the organized militia units as a threat to freedom comparable to that of a standing army, and stressed that such organized units did not constituted, and indeed were philosophically opposed to, the concept of a militia.
	www.constitution.org /mil/rkba1982.htm (11289 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Protestantism
		However vague and indefinite the creed of individual Protestants may be, it always rests on a few standard rules, or principles, bearing on the Sources of faith, the means of justification, and the constitution of the Church.
		As a matter of fact, all Protestant denominations are under constituted authorities, be they called priest or presbyters, elders or ministers, pastors or presidents.
		Germany itself did not recover the prominent position it held in Europe under the Emperor Charles V until the constitution of the new empire during the Franco-German War (1871) Since then its advance in every direction, except that of religion, has been such as seriously to threaten the commercial and maritime supremacy of England.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12495a.htm (7323 words)

	1920
		March 31 - Government of Ireland Act 1920 is presented in British parliament.
		April 23 - National council in Turkey denounces the government of sultan Mehmed VI and announces a temporary constitution.
		August 15 - Town Hall of Templemore, Ireland, is burned down during the riots.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/1/19/1920.html (3486 words)

	Top 20 Taxes
		The distinction can be subtle, but it is important under US law, since the United States Constitution formerly required that direct taxes be apportioned according to population.
		That is, if one state had twice the population of another state, then the direct tax revenue from that state must be exactly twice that from the other state.
		The federal government then had no income tax until the Sixteenth Amendment was ratified, which removed the apportionment requirement for income taxes.
	www.taxes.top20finance.com (5448 words)

	A history of St. Louis
		An important factor in the population increase was the influx of large numbers of immigrants, particularly from Germany and Ireland.
		In 1926 the voters defeated a plan to expand the city limits so as to include all of St. Louis County and in 1930 a proposal for a plan of federation under a state constitutional amendment was defeated by the electorate.
		This was a state constitutional amendment and was also defeated by the voters.
	www.stlouis.missouri.org /heritage/History69 (11768 words)

	Acts of the Oireachtas 1998 / Achtanna an Oireachtais 1998
		Amendments to the Constitution / Leasuithe ar an mBunreacht
		Number 18 of 1998: EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION ACT, 1998
		Number 19 of 1998: NINETEENTH AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION ACT, 1998
	www.acts.ie /en.toc.1998.html (557 words)

	1998 Acts alphabetically. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Amendment No. 18/1998: - EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION ACT, 1998
		Amendment No. 19/1998: - NINETEENTH AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION ACT, 1998
		OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA (CIVIL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION) (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1998
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /1998actsa.html (282 words)

	Law Bills 1998 - Library University College Cork - Ireland
		1 Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill, 1998
		24 Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill, 1998
		77 Safety, Health and Welfare At Work (Amendment) Bill, 1998.
	booleweb.ucc.ie /collections/lawdocs/bills98.htm (355 words)

	1998 Public Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		11/1998: - TRIBUNALS OF INQUIRY (EVIDENCE) (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1998
		13/1998: - OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA (CIVIL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION) (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1998
		19/1998: - ELECTORAL (AMENDMENT) (NO. 2) ACT, 1998
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /1998acts.html (582 words)

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