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Topic: El Salvador Civil War

	History of El Salvador - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		El Salvador is struggling to cope with growing gang violence, perpetrated by groups such as Mara Salvatrucha and the 18th Street Gang.
		Agriculture was one of the sectors of the economy that was mostly affected by the civil war.
		Among those freed as a result were the El Salvador Armed Forces (ESAF) officers convicted in the November 1989 Jesuit murders and the FMLN ex-combatants held for the 1991 murders of two U.S. servicemen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_El_Salvador (2890 words)

	El Salvador Civil War
		El Salvador became almost overnight a focus of international debate and scrutiny.
		The offensive focused further international attention on El Salvador and established the FMLNFDR as a formidable force both politically and militarily; in August 1981, the governments of France and Mexico recognized the front as a "representative political force" and called for a negotiated settlement between the rebels and the government.
		The assumption of power by the FSLN in Nicaragua increased the pressure on the United States to prevent a similar result in El Salvador; this pressure grew by 1981 as the Sandinistas consolidated their dominant role in the Nicaraguan government.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/elsalvador2.htm (4626 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| From Our Own Correspondent \| 'Salvador Option' mooted for Iraq
		El Salvador was the last long counter-insurgency war fought by the United States.
		Of the memories of death and mutilation I witnessed in El Salvador, the sight of six Jesuit priests, their cook and her 16-year-old daughter with their brains blown across the neatly cropped lawn of their house, is the one that still haunts the most.
		The failure of US strategy in El Salvador is perhaps measured by its inability in 12 years to capture or kill a single top guerrilla commander in a country only the size of Belgium.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4209595.stm (805 words)

	War in El Salvador
		Despite this contradictory evidence, President Reagan's National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Macmillan, 1984) justified massive military support to El Salvador because of their promise for "democratic reform." Critics of Reagan's policy, however, claimed that the main objective was to use El Salvador as a wedge between the "Marxist" Sandinistas and the Cubans.
		In El Salvador, his traveling companion, the Mexican reporter Ignacio Rodriquez, is shot and killed by a government sniper.
		When the 12-year civil war in El Salvador came to an end in 1992 with the peace accords signed by both the government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), many activists began to think of the struggle of that small country as off the agenda of the US progressive movement.
	thedagger.com /archive/elsal (1006 words)

	El Salvador Profile (8.2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		El Salvador became the focus of special international attention during this period due to the FMLN's surprising success, which the government was able to suppress.
		El Salvador signed the Ottawa Convention in 1997 and ratified it in 1999, and it is also party to Amended Protocol II of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.
		While no comprehensive estimates of the total casualties from El Salvador's civil war have been made, it is known that landmines began to take a serious toll on both combatants and civilians in the mid-1980s.
	maic.jmu.edu /journal/8.2/profiles/elsalvador.htm (593 words)

	americas.org - Twenty Years in El Salvador (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The tragedy of the war in El Salvador moved the international community, including the people of the United States, to feel solidarity with the Salvadoran people and to pressure the battling parties to sit down in dialogue.
		El Salvador is the smallest country in the Americas, covering only 21,000 square kilometers of land, and it is the most densely populated.
		The people of El Salvador have not been able to recover from the aftermath of war and ecological destruction, because after these have followed natural disasters: Hurricane Mitch, El Niño, the 1986 earthquake, the January 14 and February 14, 2001 earthquakes.
	www.americas.org /item_24 (1561 words)

	Teamsters organizer murdered in El Salvador
		El Salvador’s right-wing death squads--made up of members of the police and military--have a bloody history of harassing and killing trade unionists at the behest of the richest employers.
		The first death squad in El Salvador was set up by the Green Berets and the CIA in 1962, and the relationship continues to this day.
		Rumsfeld endorsed the U.S. role in El Salvador’s civil war in the 1980s--where 80,000 people were killed, mostly by government forces or death squads connected to the military--as a model for the occupation of Iraq.
	www.socialistworker.org /2004-2/522/522_12_TeamsterKilled.shtml (958 words)

	Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador By Elisabeth Jean Wood, Book Review in America, the Catholic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		El Salvador’s civil war took 175,000 lives, and during the dozen years of its duration human rights abuses ran rampant.
		But the perseverance is worthwhile, because she manages to bring the war before the reader’s eyes, primarily through the words of the many men and women she interviewed over a period of almost 10 years, from 1987 to 1996.
		In commenting on their efforts, she says: “It was evident that the insurgent campesinos who participated in the [map-making] workshops took pleasure and pride in the task, which was seen as an invitation to document the achievements of the cooperatives”—achievements, that is, in the form of land claimed by the insurgents.
	americamagazine.org /BookReview.cfm?textID=3559&...&issueID=482 (915 words)

	Civil suit targets ex-Salvadoran official - Americas - MSNBC.com
		Julio Cesar Mendez, 42, reads a poem written on a wall at the "El Despertar" Catholic home of retirees in San Salvador, where a priest and four youths were assassinated by the army at the beginning of El Salvador's civil war in January 1979.
		Carranza was vice minister of defense and public security for El Salvador from October 1979 to January 1981 and director of the Salvadoran Treasury Police from June 1983 to April 1984, it says.
		Peace accords at the end of the war led to an amnesty that bars legal action in El Salvador against suspected war criminals.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/9879065 (654 words)

	Profile: El Salvador (5.2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The civil unrest finally came to a halt in January 1992 when the United Nations sponsored a series of talks that led to the signing of the Peace Accords.
		Today, according to Mauricio Granillo Barrera, El Salvador’s ambassador to the Organization of American States, the country is mine free.
		Although El Salvador has been declared "mine free" for some time, it was only in January 1999 that the country requested assistance for its landmine victims.
	maic.jmu.edu /journal/5.2/profiles/elsalvador.htm (453 words)

	El Salvador
		El Salvador, with the other countries of Central America, declared its independence from Spain on Sept. 15, 1821, and was part of a federation of Central American states until that union dissolved in 1838.
		El Salvador: Bibliography - Bibliography See T. Anderson, Matanza: El Salvador's Communist Revolt of 1932 (1971); D. El Salvador: Economy - Economy El Salvador's economy is primarily agricultural, with farming employing about 40% of the...
		El Salvador: Government - Government El Salvador is governed under the 1991 constitution.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107489.html (870 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . Election 2004 - El Salvador \| PBS
		The war that once raged in El Salvador in the 1980s -- a flashpoint in the Cold War -- is not a topic of debate in the current U.S. presidential race.
		El Salvador is the only other country in the Americas still contributing troops to the coalition in Iraq.
		El Salvador's president, Elias Antonio "Tony" Saca, sent 381 soldiers to Iraq in response to an appeal from the Bush administration, despite the unpopularity of the Iraq war with most Salvadorans.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/elections/elsalvador (4201 words)

	Amazon.com: Salvador (Vintage International): Books: Joan Didion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Though political events in El Salvador are no longer in the public eye, this serves as a chronicle of a dark chapter in that country's tumultuous history.
		Her tale is not about the details of the civil war or the politics involved, but just the mood of the country during that slice of time.
		Nevertheless if El Salvador is a topic of interest to you, it might be worth the reading as a way to learn more of events that occurred in that country at that particular time.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0679751831?v=glance (1542 words)

	Enemies of War - El Salvador: Civil War
		The civil war raged on in El Salvador, fueled by U.S. aid to the Salvadoran military.
		During his research and visits to El Salvador, Congressman Moakley encountered a massive cover-up, deep problems with the Salvadoran armed forces, conspiracy and lies, which led him to challenge U.S. policy.
		He discovered that from a very high level, the armed forces of El Salvador had been responsible for the murders of the Jesuits.
	www.pbs.org /itvs/enemiesofwar/elsalvador2.html (653 words)

	In These Times 24/26: Drug War Deals
		Although El Salvador's civil war ended eight years ago, the U.S. military again is increasing its presence in the small Central American country.
		The FMLN--the guerrilla movement in El Salvador's civil war and now the largest party in the Salvadoran legislature--strongly opposed the agreement, and tried unsuccessfully to convince the Salvadoran Supreme Court to block it.
		Opponents of the operation cited the symbolism of stationing U.S. troops in a country that suffered through a 12-year civil war fueled by U.S. support for a right-wing government that committed human-rights atrocities.
	www.inthesetimes.com /issue/24/26/olson2426.html (181 words)

	El Salvador: War, Peace, and Human Rights, 1980-1994
		As a brutal civil war raged on the ground, Washington's cold war concerns ensured massive and continued U.S. support for the Salvadoran government and military against the guerrilla forces of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN).
		The collection brings together a wealth of primary source materials, tracing the human rights catastrophe that gripped El Salvador throughout its terrible civil conflict, and providing a comprehensive record of the decisions behind U.S. policy in the country and the region during the final decade of the Cold War.
		Included are documents charting Washington's policy toward revolutionary upheaval in Central America, U.S. efforts to influence El Salvador's political arena, the debate within Congress over supporting the Salvadoran government during the war, and the role and impact of non-governmental organizations in influencing policy.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/nsa/publications/elsalvador2 (1710 words)

	CBS News \| Rightist Wins El Salvador Vote \| December 13, 1999 05:19:00
		With 94.47 percent of the votes counted, Francisco Flores, a 39-year-old former philosophy professor, was declared the winner, claiming 51.96% of the votes cast.
		Flores took no part in the civil war, but was scarred by the conflict that killed 70,000 people: His grandfather and father-in-law died as a result of leftist attacks.
		During the campaign, he called for further openings of El Salvador's economy, for a battle against rising crime and for expanded, often privately run efforts to help the 40 percent of Salvadorans who live in poverty.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/1999/03/08/world/main37917.shtml (465 words)

	El Salvador Soccer War
		El Salvador is a small country with a large and rapidly growing population and a severely limited amount of available land.
		In their estimation, the CACM was already close to a breakdown over the issues of comparative advantage; war with Honduras would only hasten that outcome.
		El Salvador lost the economic "safety valve" formerly provided by illegal emigration to Honduras; land-based pressures again began to build.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/elsalvador.htm (668 words)

	El Salvador: The War to Come
		According to the American statists, El Salvador is run by a junta of Christian Democrats and various moderate military people opposing the reactionary landowners, fascist police and military, and Communist and deluded left-socialists.
		When the State Department released its report on El Salvador on February 23, it also released 100 copies of a 11/2-inch thick packet of documents to support the Reagan Administration's decision to increase military aid to the Salvadoran government.
		In "El Salvador: The War To Come" a combination of premises from compilation of past revisionist work with modern data, mostly in the form of fairly accessible press clippings, led to the following conclusions.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v03/v03p129_Konkin.html (6944 words)

	U.S. jury holds ex-colonel responsible for torture in El Salvador's civil war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		More than 75,000 Salvadorans died during the 12-year civil war as El Salvador's military dictators sought to crush anti-government forces led by labour unions, student groups and land reform advocates.
		Trial witnesses for the accusers included Robert White, a former U.S. ambassador to El Salvador, who described Carranza as "the man who made things happen" for the military rulers.
		During the early days of the civil war, Carranza was El Salvador's deputy minister of defence.
	www.cbc.ca /cp/world/051118/w111884.html (440 words)

	Health sector response to security threats during the civil war in El Salvador -- Brentlinger 313 (7070): 1470 -- BMJ
		The recent civil war in El Salvador was notorious for human
		In El Salvador's civil war and other recent conflicts politically motivated attacks on the health sector forced health programmes to change their operating methods
		Clements C. Witness to war: an American doctor in El Salvador.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/313/7070/1470 (2642 words)

	El Salvador's Civil War- Curriculum, Casa de la Solidaridad, Santa Clara University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		To understand today’s El Salvador, it is imperative to understand the historical, political, and social aspects of the war.
		It will begin with the pre-war period, noting the events and trends which led many Salvadorians to conclude that change would not come through traditional methods, and that armed struggle was the only alternative left to them.
		El Salvador's Civil War: A Study of Revolution, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1996.
	www.scu.edu /casa/curriculum/civilwar.cfm (261 words)

	MBEAW: El Salvador: Civil War
		Civil trial of retired Salvadoran Air Force captain and Modesto resident Alvaro Rafael Saravia assembles wide array of depositions concerning murder of Msgr.
		Archbishop Romero: Martyr of El Salvador (Maryknoll, 1980).
		El Salvador in the Eighties: Counter-Insurgency and Rebellion (Philadelphia, 1996).
	www.mbeaw.org /resources/countries/elsalvadorcivilwar.html (1976 words)

	Special Warfare: Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador, Elisabeth Jean Wood presents a highly detailed academic study of the factors that led to insurgent collective action in El Salvador.
		After the war, campesinos could claim land in pursuit of their own material interests and had hope of a decent future for their families.
		In El Salvador, religion was instrumental to the spread of the insurgency, and the killing of religious leaders only increased the recruitment of insurgents.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:130566603&refid=ink_tptd_mag (885 words)

	Democracy Now! \| Cheney Cites El Salvador Civil War That Killed 75,000 As Model for Afghanistan
		Was it during the civil war in El Salvador.
		People forget that the war on terror was also being applied in Central America, even though it was often the security forces of the governments of El Salvador and Guatemala that were conducting the terror.
		That was great, but in that point where we were just talking about, El Salvador, I was sorry that John Edwards is not so deeply experienced as a lot of people in politics that he wasn't really in the game back in the 1980s, because that was such an incredible opening.
	www.democracynow.org /article.pl?sid=04/10/06/1443253 (2935 words)

	Enemies of War
		It's 1989 and eight years into El Salvador's civil war, a conflict fueled by billions of dollars in aid from the U.S. government.
		Enemies of War examines these unspeakable murders and the story of El Salvador's people as they pick up the pieces after incalculable losses.
		These compelling characters tell the story of El Salvador's brave, yet daunting journey to peace and democracy.
	www.newday.com /films/Enemiesofwar.html (130 words)

	Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador - Cambridge University Press
		Widespread support among rural people for the leftist insurgency during the civil war in El Salvador challenges conventional interpretations of collective action.
		Wood’s rich tapestry of explanation is based on oral histories gathered from peasants who supported the insurgency and those who did not over a period of many years during and immediately following the war, and interviews with military commanders of both sides.
		Ethnographic research in the shadow of civil war; 3.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/catalogue.asp?ISBN=0521811759 (290 words)

	POINT OF VIEW: DONNA DE CESARE - "FROM CIVIL WAR TO GTANG WAR" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Donna De Cesare's photo documentary FROM CIVIL WAR TO GANG WAR tells the story of displaced children of El Salvador's civil war now growing up as urban gang warriors in Los Angeles and San Salvador.
		These photographic images and narration trace the 1980s flight of peasants, from El Salvador's war-torn villages to US gang and drug-ridden slums.
		By documenting innovative social programs in the U.S., Haiti, Belize, El Salvador and other countries in the Americas, she aims to increase public awareness and support for programs preventing teen gang violence and fostering youth leadership.
	photoarts.com /pointofview/decesare/slideshow1 (391 words)

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