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Topic: Elasmobranch

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Elasmobranch reproduction

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	Fishery Bulletin: Sustainability of elasmobranchs caught as bycat... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The relative sustainability of elasmobranchs caught as bycatch was examined by ranking species with respect to their susceptibility to capture and mortality due to prawn trawling and with respect to their capacity to recover once the population was depleted.
		Although the larger elasmobranchs appeared to have a higher within-net survival, in the commercial fishery these were the very individuals killed for their fins and therefore their mortality was ultimately higher than that predicted by their size alone.
		Because elasmobranch species may have a wide distribution range, their populations could be impacted by several fisheries, which might create an unsustainable status for the population overall.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:95205126&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (8081 words)

	Overview of world elasmobranch fisheries
		Skates comprise 63% (7125t/yr) and unspecified sharks 21% (2259t/yr) of elasmobranch catches, the contribution of “various elasmobranchs” was 11% (1168t/yr).
		Sharks accounted for 83% of the elasmobranch catches of Japan and batoids for 17%; at least 63% of the shark catches were taken as by catch of world-wide tuna longline operations while the remaining 37% came from unspecified sources.
		Contrary to most major elasmobranch fishing countries in the region, which harvest larger quantities of rays than of sharks or similar quantities of both, catches in Indonesia are dominated by sharks, which accounted for 66% of the average elasmobranch catches during 1976–1991.
	www.fao.org /docrep/003/v3210e/V3210E03.htm (13313 words)

	FERG
		Elasmobranch fish (sharks, skates and rays) are found in a variety of habitats, ranging from full seawater to full freshwater.
		Elasmobranchs adapted to seawater employ a hyperosmotic strategy, in which the plasma osmolality is maintained slightly higher than that of the surrounding medium.
		Gill: Elasmobranch gills are extremely impermeable to urea and indeed, the permeability coefficient for urea in the elasmobranch gill epithelia is reported to be one of the lowest in the animal kingdom.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~ferg/Templates/ElasmorbranchA.htm (977 words)

	Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Symposium on the metazoan parasites of elasmobranchs from the Gulf of California.
		A total of 766 elasmobranchs were collected from the Gulf in the vacinity of 6 localities along the eastern coast of the Baja Peninsula from Puertecitos in the north to San Jose del Cabo in the south.
		Lecanicephalideans are classically defined as tapeworms of elasmobranchs possessing 4 suckers, a structure/organ on the apex of the scolex that can take on a variety of shapes, as well as possessing a vagina that opens into the genital atrium posterior to the opening of the cirrus sac.
	collections2.eeb.uconn.edu /peet/products.htm (4982 words)

	Elasmobranch fisheries
		Elasmobranch is the scientific name for a very ancient group of fishes which includes the sharks, skates, rays.
		As many as 60 species of elasmobranchs are native or more or less frequent visitors to waters adjacent to the UK and many of these are caught in fisheries.
		Elasmobranchs are particularly vulnerable to over-fishing because of a number of unusual characteristics of their biology.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-2549-theme=textonly (476 words)

	Elasmobranch fish
		The Elasmobranch fishery includes those of sharks, rays and skates which are characterized by the possession of cartilaginous skeletons, distinct placoid scales and separate gill slits without operculum.
		Elasmobranch fish are essentially marine in nature, but some varieties are encountered in freshwater also.
		The fact that the elasmobranch fishes constitute an important marine fishery of India is borne out by the following landing figures of this class of fish in out country during the past few years.
	www.indiaagronet.com /indiaagronet/Fisheries/Contents/elasmobranch_fish.htm (756 words)

	Marine Fisheries Review: Elasmobranch landings for the Portuguese commercial fishery from 1986 to 2001
		Elasmobranchs have also been landed, and in many cases discarded, as the bycatch of other fisheries (Berkeley and Campos, 1988; Stevens, 1992).
		Elasmobranchs therefore frequently represent an important "apex" role within their respective food web, and the depletion of their stocks could potentially cause a rapid and profound negative impact upon the ecosystem from which they are drawn (Gruber, 1982).
		The "fishery" consists mainly of: 1) targeted deep-sea elasmobranch longlining; 2) targeted pelagic elasmobranch surface longlining; 3) bycatch of deep-sea elasmobranchs from fl scabbardfish, Aphanopus carbo, longlining; 4) bycatch of pelagic elasmobranchs from teleost gill-netting, purse seining, and bottom trawling; and 5) bycatch of skates and rays from crustacean bottom trawling.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3089/is_1_65/ai_n6272153 (1357 words)

	Journal of Aquariculture & Aquatic Sciences Article
		The call for elasmobranchs for public display, research subjects and pets will probably continue to increase and the effects of this use on native local populations of certain species is uncertain.
		The apparent similarity of certain viviparous systems in elasmobranchs and mammals suggests that some drug-hormone treatments developed for controlling parturition in the latter (see Tienhoven, 1983) may be adaptable for use in the former.
		The exact function of these midbrain cells of elasmobranchs is not known; however, GnRH is present in nerve processes in widespread areas of the brain stem and spinal cord, including the spinal area controlling the claspers in males.
	www.petsforum.com /cis-fishnet/JAAS/D085.htm (8162 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Digenean and acanthocephalan parasites of elasmobranch fishes are reported from the southern coast of Brazil: Otodistomum veliporum (Creplin, 1837) Stafford, 1904 (Digenea: Azygiidae) in the stomach and spiral valve of Dipturus trachydermus and in the spiral valve of Squatina sp.
		Cystacanths and juveniles of the acanthocephalans Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937 and Corynosoma sp., in the spiral valve of Squatina sp., Galeorhinus galeus and Hexanchus griseus and in the stomach of Squalus megalops; a juvenile of Gorgorhynchus sp., in the spiral valve of Sphyrna zygaena.
		The systematics of these digeneans parasitizing elasmobranchs was discussed by Manter (1926), Dollfus (1937), Van Cleave & Vaughn (1941) and Gibson (1976a, b) based on differences related to body dimensions, extent and form of uterine branches, extent of vitellaria, ratio between oral and ventral suckers, length and thickness of the egg.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc01211 (1855 words)

	Wildlifeonline - Natural History of Sharks & Rays
		The task of ageing elasmobranchs is also more difficult than it is for bony fishes – elasmobranchs don’t have otoliths (ear stones) – and continual replacement of their teeth means that dental wear-and-tear can’t be used as an indication of age (as it is in many mammals).
		The specific mechanism by which elasmobranchs are able to evert their stomachs is still unknown, although Sims and Andrews suggest that it probably involves the fish relaxing its stomach muscles and rapidly increasing the pressure in its abdominal cavity.
		Elasmobranch thecas are very telolecithal (rich in yolk) and as such represent a delectable source of carbohydrate and protein for a potential predator.
	www.wildlifeonline.me.uk /sharks_rays.html (10071 words)

	Groundfish - Elasmobranch Program
		Elasmobranchs are a class of fish that is comprised of sharks, skates and rays.
		Elasmobranch catches (excluding spiny dogfish) in British Columbia averaged 550 t in the 1970s and 1980s and increased to a maximum of 1850 t in 1997.
		This trend mirrors global elasmobranch catches that have risen steadily from an average of 200 000 t in the 1940s to over 800 000 t in recent years.
	www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /sci/sa-mfpd/elasmobranchs/Elasmo.htm (350 words)

	The Skate (Leucoraja erinacea) Genome Project
		Elasmobranchs exhibit primitive but powerful processes for dealing with salt and water homeostasis, cell volume regulation, and environmental and internal osmotic sensing.
		Copper homeostasis and toxicity in the elasmobranch Raja erinacea and the teleost Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus during exposure to elevated water-borne copper.
		Immunolocalization of proton-ATPase in the gills of the elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias.
	www.mdibl.org /research/skategenome.shtml (3011 words)

	Mote-USF Fellowship
		Elasmobranch fishes, including sharks, skates and rays, are recognized as a global resource undergoing decline and perhaps facing fisheries collapse in many parts of the world.
		Elasmobranchs are an important component of the marine environment, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico and to the state of Florida.
		The University of South Florida Graduate School also commits a partial tuition waiver for a maximum of 9 hours to accompany the fellowship in the summer session(s) as long as the student is registered as a full-time, degree-seeking graduate student.
	luna.cas.usf.edu /~motta/moteusf.htm (594 words)

	Effects of urea and trimethylamine N-oxide on fluidity of liposomes and membranes of an elasmobranch -- Barton et al. ...
		Effects of urea and trimethylamine N-oxide on fluidity of liposomes and membranes of an elasmobranch -- Barton et al.
		in the elasmobranch erythrocyte membrane and that the counteraction
		of marine elasmobranchs (29) and in the mammalian kidney (47).
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/2/R397 (5397 words)

	Groundfish - Elasmobranch Age Determination
		However, elasmobranchs have cartilaginous skeletons and therefore lack bony structures with systematic calcium depositing.
		As a result, for many elasmobranch species there is no method for estimating age, and the important life history parameters can not be estimated.
		Our research into age determination for elasmobranchs has lead to the use of the neural arches in sixgill sharks for estimates of age.
	www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /sci/sa-mfpd/elasmobranchs/Elasmo_age.htm (329 words)

	[No title]
		We are examining adaptation of membranes of elasmobranch fishes (shark's skates and rays) to the high level of urea and methylamines found in their tissues.
		We have shown that elasmobranch mitochondrial membranes are unusual in their phospholipid and fatty acid composition and are now examining how solutes may affect these membranes.
		We are examining aspects of the role of glutamine in elasmobranch metabolism and its interaction with lipid and ketone body metabolism.
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/department/people/faculty/j_ballantyne.htm (1055 words)

	Molecular characterization of an elasmobranch urea transporter -- Smith and Wright 276 (2): 622 -- AJP - Regulatory, ...
		Marine elasmobranch fishes retain relatively high levels of urea to balance the osmotic stress of living in seawater.
		Sodium-linked urea transport by the renal tubule of the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias.
		Smith, H. The absorption and excretion of water and salts by the elasmobranch fishes.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/2/R622 (2935 words)

	ccw.gov.uk - Countryside Council for Wales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A pilot study which experimentally demonstrates the response of the benthic elasmobranch, the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, to two electric fields, one simulating prey and the other the maximum potential output from unburied undersea cables.
		The behaviour of elasmobranchs in regard to their electric sense has, to date, been widely neglected.
		The projects identified and the fact that offshore wind power technology is in its infancy promotes the requirement for substantial support and investment into the development of renewable resource utilisation and its role within the natural ecosystem.
	www.ccw.gov.uk /generalinfo/index.cfm?Action=View&RID=83&subject=Marine (1040 words)

	Search Results for elasmobranch - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The molecular structures of metabolites of cholesterol form an evolutionary series from the bile alcohols, such as myxinol and scymnol of the elasmobranch fishes and the related alcohols of some bony...
		The cyclostomes and the elasmobranchs (e.g., sharks and rays) possess a labyrinth with maculae and cristae but have no auditory papillae.
		Although fossil ancestors of the elasmobranchs and cyclostomes had armoured headcases, serving...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=elasmobranch&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (297 words)

	Case studies of the management of elasmobranch fisheries
		Elasmobranchs are now beginning to capture political and public attention and one result of the educational and media activity of environmental NGOs is that the ‘environmentally-aware’ public and media perceptions of the nature of sharks and rays are increasingly changing from one of ‘fish’ and ‘dangerous pests’ to that of ‘wildlife’.
		WWF-US is funding and collaborating with WWF-Philippines on a three year elasmobranch biodiversity and fisheries project to determine elasmobranch biodiversity and the status of fisheries and trade for these species in the Sulu Sea, initiate conservation and management, promote awareness and facilitate communication process in their conservation and management.
		Elasmobranchs were one of the named species groups for which competent authorities were invited to establish priorities for the elaboration of stock assessments and forecasts, or other appropriate stock indicators.
	www.fao.org /docrep/003/x2098e/X2098E18.htm (11784 words)

	Great White Sharks-Adopt A Shark-Information on Sharks-Study of Shark Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The British Sharks Trust is the UK member of the European Elasmobranch Association.
		The Shark adoption progrramme was set up in July 1997 to promote the study of shark, shark conservation and manta rays in the UK and internationally.
		The white shark trust is a member of the European Elasmobranch Association and supports its work on shark conservation and shark adoption.
	www.sharktrust.org (421 words)

	ELASMOBRANCH HOMEPAGE
		Elasmobranches et Stratigraphie, Professional Paper, Belgian Geological Survey.
		MEYER, R. Late Cretaceous Elasmobranchs from the Mississippi and East Texas embayements of the Gulf coastal plain.
		A dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Southern Methodist University of Texas at Arlington.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /tempo22/mesozoic_activity/biblo.htm (992 words)

	Nephrogenesis Is Induced by Partial Nephrectomy in the Elasmobranch Leucoraja erinacea -- Elger et al. 14 (6): 1506 -- ...
		Nephrogenesis Is Induced by Partial Nephrectomy in the Elasmobranch Leucoraja erinacea -- Elger et al.
		the elasmobranch nephron (22,23) is established at this stage.
		elasmobranch kidney is equipped with a nephrogenic zone, in
	jasn.asnjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/6/1506 (4951 words)

	Elasmobranch Symposyum
		The American Elasmobranch Society has copies of a special issue of the
		elasmobranch endocrine system - it does cover a great deal of systems/processes (see contents at the end of this message).
		Elasmobranch color change a short review and novel data on hormone
	www.ualg.pt /ccmar/esce2000/elasmobranch_symposyium.htm (250 words)

	Jeffrey Carrier Published Abstracts
		American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists and American Elasmobranch Society, 2000 (with H.L. Pratt, Jr., N. Whitney, and J. Beck).
		Studies of nurse shark reproduction: uses of endoscopy, ultrasound, and serial blood chemistry in the evaluation and monitoring of presumed pregnancy in captive nurse sharks.
		Preliminary evaluation of age and growth in juvenile nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) using visual and electron microprobe assessment of tetracycline-labeled vertebral centra.
	www.albion.edu /biology/fac_biol/JCMtgs.htm (847 words)

	Elasmobranch Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Elasmobranchs are composed of sharks, skates, and rays.
		Elasmobranch Research around Monterery Bay - They are studying a variety of sharks here at Monterery Bay.
		European Elasmobranch Association - A society in Europe that is dedicated to elasmobranch conservation and awareness.
	chuma.cas.usf.edu /~mrobeson/elasmobranch_links.html (626 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		New records for nematode species recovered from elasmobranch fishes in Brazil are established and new systematical arrangements proposed.
		Data on the number of specimens of Anisakidae nematode larvae (infrapopulation) in elasmobranch hosts collected between 1984 and 1986 (State of Rio Grande do Sul) and 1998 (State of Paraná) in the Southern Brazil and their number of deposit in the CHIOC are presented in Table I.
		Prevalence, intensity or mean intensity of infection in elasmobranch hosts are on the Tables II and III for those necropsies performed in 1984-1986 and 1998, respectively.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc01009 (1832 words)

	CV
		Ecological functions and adaptations of the elasmobranch electrosense.
		Neuroethology and life history adaptations of the elasmobranch electric sense.
		Ontogenetic and androgen-induced changes in the response properties and function of the elasmobranch electrosensory system.
	faculty.washington.edu /sisneros/cv.htm (1826 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The American Elasmobranch Society is a non-profit organization that seeks to advance the scientific study of living and fossil sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras, and the promotion of education, conservation, and wise utilization of natural resources.
		The Society holds annual meetings and presents research reports of interest to students of elasmobranch biology.
		Those meetings are held in conjunction with annual meetings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists each year at rotating North American venues.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Organizations/aes/aes.htm (207 words)

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