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Elastic-rebound theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In geology, the elastic rebound theory was the first theory to explain the immediate cause of earthquakes. From his observations he concluded that the earthquake must have been the result of the elastic rebound of previously stored elastic strain energy in the rocks on either side of the fault. Like an elastic band the more the rocks are strained the move elastic energy is stored and the potentially larger the event. www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elastic-rebound+theory

MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Earthquake He proposed the elastic rebound theory to explain the generation of certain earthquakes that scientists now know occur in tectonic areas, usually near plate boundaries. This concept is called the elastic rebound theory. This theory states that during an earthquake, the rocks under strain suddenly break, creating a fracture along a fault. encarta.msn.com /text_761571674___30/Earthquake.html

Elastic-rebound theory - Encyclopedia, History and Biography In geology, the elastic rebound theory is a theory which tries to explain why earthquakes occur. The article about Elastic-rebound theory contains information related to Elastic-rebound theory. In the theory, fault movements are based on the ability of rock to stick to each other while under stress. www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Elastic-rebound_theory

Plate Tectonics Reid’s elastic rebound theory involves force, stress and strain of lithospheric plates and provides a reasonable explanation for the movement of these plates. Distribute handout “Reid’s elastic rebound theory” along with a popsicle stick to each student. Now that students have the basic concepts of deformation and movement, do another demonstration of Reid’s elastic rebound theory with the brick (refer to diagram on “Can Earthquakes Be Predicted?”). hyper.vcsun.org /HyperNews/nherr/get/csp_lesson_plans_2001/11.html?nogifs

earthquakes Lecture At the instant of rupture, (c), energy is released in the form of earthquake waves that radiate out in all directions. www.geo.wvu.edu /~wilson/Geol1/lec39/lec391.htm

M.K.H-W JGE Stick Slip Paper The Cause of Earhquakes   In 1910, Harry Reid proposed the "elastic rebound theory" of earthquake faulting based on field observations of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (Reid, 1910). Reid carefully studied ground breakage near the San Andreas fault and geodetic data away from the fault after the 1906 earthquake and formulated the theory that crustal stresses resulting from large-scale shearing motions cause elastic strain to accumulate in the vicinity of faults. When the strain accumulation reaches a critical threshold imposed by the material properties of the rock and fault surface, abrupt frictional sliding occurs, releasing some of the elastic strain energy (Figure 1). www.geo.arizona.edu /geoed/spinet/activity/stickslip/cause.html

Earthquakes - The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Analysis of the 1906 displacements and strain in the surrounding crust led Reid (1910) to formulate his elastic-rebound theory of the earthquake source, which remains today the principal model of the earthquake cycle. Indeed, the significance of the fault and recognition of its large cumulative offset would not be fully appreciated until the advent of plate tectonics more than half a century later. At almost precisely 5:12 a.m., local time, a foreshock occurred with sufficient force to be felt widely throughout the San Francisco Bay area. www.eresonant.com /pages/earthquakes/quake-1906.html

Earthquakes Elastic rebound theory: Stick-slip occurs on faults and sliding is a jerky, intermittent process. When fault is in "stick" mode, motion of blocks continues and elastic energy accumulates like stretching a rubber band, or bending a ruler. Richter scale is a logarithmic scale ranges from 0 to about 9 (upper limit imposed by strength and elasticity of rocks). www.fiu.edu /~draper/ESnotes/quakes.html

Earthquakes The elastic rebound theory of an earthquake source envisages the flinging of rock masses in opposite directions on each side of the rupturing fault as the fault rupture progresses along the fault. Of these, the release of elastic strain energy is the most important, since this form of energy is the only kind that is stored in sufficient quantity in the Earth to produce major earthquakes. The form of energy involved is produced by elastic strain, gravitational potential, chemical reactions, or motion of bodies. www.crystalinks.com /earthquakes2.html

FATHOM: Sidebars Measurements taken in the area by H.F. Reid prior to and after that event led to the elastic rebound theory, which holds that earthquakes are caused by stress in the Earth's crust being released by movement along a fault-line. www.fathom.com /feature/122108/2469_SanFran_2782.html

eq_quantify.html The elastic rebound theory implies a fundamental periodicity in seismic activity along a fault. Elastic rebound theory, the earthquake cycle and Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-recurrence relation H.F. Reid studied the great San Francisco earthquake of 1906, and proposed the elastic rebound theory. www.gp.uwo.ca /es220/eq_quantify.html

Geology 108: Quiz questions In the elastic rebound theory, energy is stored elastically in rocks as they deform due to the motions of the crustal blocks. When the stress builds up to the level needed to break the rock or make the fault slip, an earthquake occurs. These quakes can be of magnitude 8 or greater on locked parts of the San Andreas Fault. www.owlnet.rice.edu /~geol108/geol108_99Quizzes.html

Quake: 1906 San Francisco Quake These observations provided the basis for the landmark "theory of elastic rebound", introduced by Professor H.F. Reid of Johns Hopkins University, who served on Lawson's Commission. Before 1906 and Reid's theory, this basic mechanical concept of earthquakes -- that the faulting causes the earthquake and that the earthquake does not cause the faulting -- was not well recognized as a universal principle applicable to the San Andreas fault. The New Knowledge Leads to an Important Theory... quake.wr.usgs.gov /info/1906/revolution.html

Earthquake Basics Most earthquakes can be explained by plate tectonics and the elastic rebound theory. The theory was proposed by H.F. Reid of Johns Hopkins University in 1906. Eventually the frictional forces holding the rocks together are overcome and the rocks break at the weakest point along the fault line, known as the focus. www.leo.lehigh.edu /projects/seismic/basics.html

GEOL114 Lab 4: Earthquake Machine Reid's Elastic Rebound theory suggests that stress (force/area) is constantly building up in the region where an earthquake is going to occur. Purpose: to demonstrate the Elastic Rebound theory of earthquake occurrence, and the complexity caused by the interaction of different fault segments. Background: Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Harry Fielding Reid proposed a radical new theory for what causes earthquakes. www.geol.binghamton.edu /faculty/barker/labs/lab4.html

Quake: 1906 San Francisco Quake This gradual accumulation and release of stress and strain is now referred to as the "elastic rebound theory" of earthquakes. From an examination of the displacement of the ground surface which accompanied the 1906 earthquake, Henry Fielding Reid, Professor of Geology at Johns Hopkins University, concluded that the earthquake must have involved an "elastic rebound" of previously stored elastic stress. Most earthquakes are the result of the sudden elastic rebound of previously stored energy. quake.usgs.gov /info/1906/reid.html

demo6.txt The key point of the Elastic Rebound Theory is that the stress is continually building up, and that earthquakes act to relieve that stress. Supplies: Wood blocks, sandpaper, springs, weights (rocks), fishing reel (optional) Background and Demonstration: Under the Elastic Rebound Theory, the continuous motion of the Earth's plates causes stress to build up at the boundaries between the plates, where friction keeps the boundaries locked. DEMO #6: Earthquake Machine Purpose: Demonstrates the principle of elastic rebound for the cause and recurrence of earthquakes. www.geol.binghamton.edu /faculty/barker/demos/demo6.txt

nature debates But this failure needs to be separated from a failure of the elastic rebound theory, which would lead us to contemplate weird physics. Thus the elastic rebound theory was not properly tested. This theory applies only to system-size events, which, rather than being undefined, as suggested by Jackson, is defined in the case of subduction zones as the seismically coupled down-dip width, which can be determined by the areal extent of large earthquakes in the region. www.nature.com /nature/debates/earthquake/equake_22.html

PowerPoint Presentation –Rupture occurs and the rocks quickly rebound to an undeformed shape www.uic.edu /classes/eaes/eaes102/L21-22-HTML_files/slide0009.htm

Elastic Rebound Elastic rebound theory states that as tectonic plates move relative to each other, elastic strain energy builds up along their edges in the rocks along fault planes. Since fault planes are not usually very smooth, great amounts of energy can be stored (if the rock is strong enough) as movement is restricted due to interlock along the fault. Now the fence is offset and slightly curved peer.berkeley.edu /course_modules/eqrd/EQDef/eqdef2.htm

earthquake --  Encyclopædia Britannica Includes details on their causes, occurances, and explanation of elastic rebound theory. This shaking, which accounts for the destructiveness of an earthquake, is caused by the passage of elastic waves through the Earth's rocks. These seismic waves are produced when some form of stored energy, such as elastic strain, chemical energy, or gravitational energy, is... www.britannica.com /eb/article-9106195

Earthquake Horizon Elastic-rebound theory - Visit this site to develop a brief overview of how earthquakes occur according to the elastic rebound theory. Elastic Rebound Animation - Click on the image for an animation on the elastic rebound theory. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics - This web site describes the theory of plate tectonics and its relation to earthquakes and earthquake prediction and seismic zones. www.kn.pacbell.com /wired/fil/pages/listearthquana.html

CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Plate tectonics and elastic rebound theory of earthquakes and faults; characterization of ground motions; seismicity; seismic risk analysis; effect of local soil conditions on ground response; development of design ground motions; liquefaction; dynamic lateral earth pressures; seismic slope stability. Introduction to theory of structural reliability and its application to design procedures in civil engineering, including probability theory; assessment of uncertainties; code specification (first-order, second-moment format) and the related concept of risk and the influence of socioeconomic factors; loads, load combinations, and probabilities of damage. Earthquake mechanism and ground shaking, response spectra, linear elastic methods for prediction of behavior, displacement prediction methods for inelastically behaving structures, modeling and solution schemes, earthquake design philosophy, capacity design. www.washington.edu /students/crscat/cee.html

Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics Most scientists agree that the occurrence of earthquakes can be attributed to elastic rebound in rocks. Wegener froze to death at age 50 while on a meteorological expedition to Greenland and his theory languished and was virtually forgotten. At the time Wegener introduced his theory, the scientific community firmly believed that continents and oceans were fixed, permanent features. ccollege.hccs.cc.tx.us /instru/physci/geo/cate/historical/HistCh5.htm

Earthquakes Elastic Rebound Theory is what has thought to cause most of the earthquakes that we experience today. The colliding force builds up pressure continually for several years and this pressure is released in the form of earthquakes from time to time when the plates move according to the Elastic Rebound Theory. Debris worn from the land was deposited into the Tethys Ocean as thick layers of sediments. members.fortunecity.com /millercreek/quakes.htm

earthquakes This is the elastic rebound theory of earthquakes. 1) elastic: materials bend, but return to original shape when stress is released. When the break occurs, shock waves are sent out in all directions away from the point of break. www-class.unl.edu /geol101i/10_earthquakes.htm

REVIEW FOR EXAM 3 Elastic-rebound theory, stick-slip faulting, earthquake epicenter and focus, different types of earthquake waves and their mode of propagation (P, S, L), seismographs, determining the distance and location of an earthquake using seismograph records, measurement of earthquake magnitude (Mercalli scale, Richter scale), type of damage produced by earthquakes, tsunamis Use of seismic waves in a study of the earth's interior; seismic discontinuity, MOHO, crust, mantle, core (composition), nature of the earth's core (what are the different lines of evidence for the composition and physical state of the core) www.gly.fsu.edu /~kish/dynamic/review3x.htm

Elastic Rebound Quiz Elastic rebound theory was not developed until after plate tectonics was understood. The elastic rebound theory was developed from surveying before and after: Earthquakes can only occur in material that is: ve.ou.edu /weaver/eq_rebound/rebound.html

Understanding Earthquakes: Introduction to Elastic Rebound Animation This theory is known as the "elastic rebound theory." This is something like pulling a rubber band gradually until the band snaps. The following animation shows a bird's eye view of a country road that cuts through an orchard. www.crustal.ucsb.edu /ics/understanding/elastic/intro-rebound.html

May 18 - Today in Science History U.S. seismologist and glaciologist who in 1911 developed the elastic rebound theory of earthquake mechanics, still accepted today. His principal theoretical interests were in kinship, cultural evolution, theories of culture and the evolution of political institutions. Astronomer and mathematician who gave the first geometric procedure for determining the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position. www.todayinsci.com /5/5_18.htm

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