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	FUTHARK - Elder Futhark
		Futhark is a writing system of uncertain origin that was used by Germanic peoples of northern Europe, Britain, Scandinavia, and Iceland from about the 3rd century CE to the 16th or 17th century CE.
		Elder Futhark is the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes for Proto-Norse and other Migration period Germanic dialects of the 2nd to 8th centuries CE for inscriptions on artifacts such as jewelery, amulets, tools, and weapons, and also on rune stones.
		In Scandinavia, the script of the Elder Futhark was simplified to that of the Younger Futhark from the late 8th century CE, while the Anglo-Saxons and Frisians extended the Futhark which eventually became the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc after Proto-English.
	www.spelwerx.com /futhark.html (420 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Futhark
		In England, the Anglo-Saxons brought Futhark from continental Europe in the 5th century CE and modified it into the 33-letter "Futhorc" to accommodate sound changes that were occurring in Old English, the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons.
		Similarly, the Elder Futhark letter g came to represent /g/, /y/, and /gh/, so a second g letter was invented to consistently represent the /g/ sound.
		Futhark continued to be used in Scandinavia for centuries longer, but by 1600 CE, it had become nothing more than curiosities among scholars and antiquarians.
	www.ancientscripts.com /futhark.html (1299 words)

	Elder FUTHARK (Norse Runes)
		The Elder Futhark (Norse Runes) are a collection of 24 symbols divided into three families or aettr.
		They were inscribed on amulets for protection, luck in battle, etc. As the old Norse language had no future tense, these runes were not used for definitive future predictions, but could be consulted to understand trends based in the present (leaving the reader to extrapolate outward as appropriate).
		FUTHARK Fonts (for the Mac) -- some look like they'd be cool, but I don't run a Mac.
	members.aol.com /JehanaS/futhark (412 words)

	Runic alphabets / Runes / Futhark
		Elder Futhark is thought to be the oldest version of the Runic alphabet, and was used in the parts of Europe which were home to Germanic peoples, including Scandinavia.
		Younger Futhork or "Normal Runes" gradually evolved Elder Futhark over a period of many years and stabilized by about 800 A.D., the beginning of the Viking Age.
		It was the main alphabet in Norway, Sweden and Denmark throughout the Viking Age, but was largely though not completely replaced by the Latin alphabet by about 1200 as a result of the conversion of most of Scandinavia to Christianity.
	omniglot.com /writing/runic.htm (756 words)

	The Elder Futhark Runes
		Of the many known runic alphabets, the Elder Futhark is the oldest and probably the most famous.
		The Elder Futhark is one of the popular sets of runestones used today for scrying and divination.
		The name "futhark" comes from the first six letters of the alphabet and is hence pronounced "futh-ark" rather than "fut-hark".
	www.wyrdology.com /scrying/runes/elder-futhark.html (138 words)

	Suchmaschine
		The Elder Futhark (or Elder Fuþark, Older Futhark, Old Futhark) is the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes for Proto-Norse and other Migration period Germanic dialects of the 2nd to 8th centuries for inscriptions on artifacts (jewelery, amulets, tools, weapons) and rune stones.
		The Elder Futhark runes are commonly believed to originate in either Latin or one of the Old Italic alphabets.
		Elder Futhark inscriptions were rare, with very few active literati, in relation to the total population, at any time, so that knowledge of the runes was probably an actual "secret" throughout the Migration period.
	www.dmoz.ch /lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Elder_Futhark (1641 words)

	The RUNES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Elder Futhark: The name "futhark", like the word "alphabet", is derived from the first few letters in the runic sequence, which differs considerably from the order of the Latin alphabet.
		The futhark originally consisted of 24 letters, beginning with F and ending with O, and was used by the northern Germanic tribes.
		The Younger Futhark: In Scandinavia, the Elder Futhark remained in use until some time around the eighth century, when drastic changes in the Old Norse language occurred, and corresponding changes in the runic alphabet were made to accommodate the new sounds.
	www.paganuniverse.com /bos/divination/runes.html (527 words)

	History of the Runes
		The name "futhark", like the word "alphabet", is derived from the first few letters in the runic sequence, which differs considerably from the order of the Latin alphabet and is unique amongst alphabetic scripts.
		The futhark originally consisted of 24 letters, beginning with F and ending with O, and was used by the northern Germanic tribes of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Northern Germany.
		In Scandinavia, the Elder Futhark remained in use until some time around the eighth century (the time of the Eddas), when drastic changes in the Old Norse language occurred, and corresponding changes in the runic alphabet were made to accommodate the new sounds.
	www.tarahill.com /runes/runehist.html (975 words)

	Using the Elder FUTHARK
		These runes were inscribed on amulets for protection, luck in battle, etc. As the old Norse/Germanic language had no future tense, these runes were likely not used for definitive future predictions, but could be consulted to understand trends based in the present (leaving the reader to extrapolate outward as appropriate).
		The Elder Futhark were gifted to us humans by Odinn, who hung on the world tree Yggdrasil as an offering.
		As with the tarot, they are arranged in an order, and it is thought that there is method behind this chosen order; that like the tarot, the arrangement leads one on an esoteric journey of discovery of the purpose behind the runes.
	www.candledark.net /silver/futhark/f_uses.html (953 words)

	[No title]
		However, as the language and the FUTHARK evolved, the runes changed the sounds they represented.
		The group which consists of the futhark and the ones outside it are the "rune-hoard".
		Some futharks have fewer then 24, notably the "Younger Futhark" which consists of 16 runes.
	www.lycos.com /info/runes--elder-futhark.html (342 words)

	[No title]
		Runes of the Elder Futhark by Balder Introduction Runes letters (or staves) as a group is known as the Futhark.
		Futhark actually spells the first six rune staves of the oldest set, knows as the Elder Futhark.
		The various sets of these Runes are known as the Elder Futhark, Frisian Futhark, Aramen, Futhark, and the Younger Futhark.
	ladyoftheearth.com /divination/runes-02.txt (5833 words)

	Runes
		Known as the Elder Futhark (The name "Futhark" is derived from the first six letters of the runic alphabet), the runes are devided into three sets of eight letters, each named after a particular Norse god.
		An Elder Futhark font is also available from Curtis Clark at http://www.is.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/fonts.htmlx.
		The Elder Futhark is an ancient set of Norse runes, and for the use of divination, can be painted or carved onto small stones or pieces of wood, or anything close to nature.
	members.tripod.com /fairwind_00/Runes.html (616 words)

	Runic alphabets / Runes / Futhark
		Elder Futhark is thought to be the oldest version of the Runic alphabet, and was used in the parts of Europe which were home to Germanic peoples, including Scandinavia.
		Younger Futhork or "Normal Runes" gradually evolved Elder Futhark over a period of many years and stabilized by about 800 A.D., the beginning of the Viking Age.
		It was the main alphabet in Norway, Sweden and Denmark throughout the Viking Age, but was largely though not completely replaced by the Latin alphabet by about 1200 as a result of the conversion of most of Scandinavia to Christianity.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/runic.htm (743 words)

	Irminsul Aettir - Runes - Introduction to the Runes
		Futhark is the first and should be read before the other two.
		The Elder Futhark is divided into three groups or three "aettir".
		The Anglo-Saxon Futhark added nine extra runes and some alternate forms of the runes that are found in the Elder Futhark.
	www.eskimo.com /~valkyrie/ru/ruintro.html (4739 words)

	Rune Meanings - The Elder Futhark
		I work with the "Elder Futhark", the runic alphabet which is a composite of the runic symbols most commonly used in northern Europe.
		The names of the runes of the Elder Futhark are speculative recreations of what linguists call "proto-Germanic", which stems from "proto-Indo-European".
		The Elder Futhark, the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, and the Younger (or Scandinavian) Futhark are the most frequently seen versions of the runic alphabets in use today.
	www.sunnyway.com /runes/meanings.html (1218 words)

	Gaming World // Articles - The Elder Futhark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There are several different runic alphabets used and each one has a different number of runes, from the Younger Futharkâs 16 runes to the Anglo-Saxon Futhork 33 runic alphabet.
		It is referred to as the Elder as it was the last true runic alphabet to be of use before fading from everyday use.
		The Elder Futhark consists of three groups of eight (known as aetts) providing a total of twenty four runes.
	www.gamingw.net /articles/484 (741 words)

	The Rune School - Courses: INTRO-01 Lesson 7
		The oldest true runic alphabet is known as the Elder Futhark taking its name from the (sounds of) its first letters, ie F-U-TH-A-R-K. It is a 24 character script.
		It is very clear that the ordering of the runes in the Elder Futhark is deliberate but a number of authors propose alternative arrangements.
		As should now be becoming clear, the position of individual runes within the Elder Futhark is not the result of accident but of design.
	www.runeschool.org /courses/intro_01/07_efuthark.htm (1128 words)

	runes 02
		It's use came, around the 1000 CE period as the Elder Futhark was being modified down in number of staves.
		This variety evidently followed the Elder Futhark type of Runes around 700-1200 CE (depending on the source) in the northern European countries.
		These were also after the Elder Futhark, when symbols started becoming more slim-lined and they were from as the names applied, countries such as Sweden and Norway.
	www.denelder.com /runes/runes02.html (1017 words)

	The Elder Futhark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The name 'futhark' (or Futhorc for Anglo-Saxon runes) is from the first six symbols in order.
		This Futhark has 24 letters, and was used by the northern Germanic tribes.
		In fact, the Futhark is named after the first six letters in the first aett.
	www.members.shaw.ca /blackPine/elfu.htm (400 words)

	Viking runes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The most common Scandinavian rune alphabets are called the elder Futhark and the younger Futhark.
		The elder Futhark was used from the 3rd century to the 8th century, and had 24 “letters”.
		The younger Futhark was used from the 8th century, during the Viking Age (800-1050) and with some modifications throughout the Middle Ages, and had 16 “letters”.
	www.spirit-of-the-past.com /vikingrunes.html (1450 words)

	Amazon.com: "elder futhark": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		2 ELDER FUTHARK Origins of the Runes The earliest origins of the runes as an exoteric alphabet are clouded in obscurity.
		AN to ON not only did the language change, but also the form of the runic inscriptions be- cause the elder futhark, consisting of 24 let- ters, was reduced to the younger futhark, con- sisting of only 16 letters used in different...
		The oldest known system of runes is the twenty-fourfold or elder futhark.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/elder-futhark (603 words)

	Thor's Hammer with Elder Futhark Runes in silver & gold.
		The Elder Futhark runes read right to left: MJOLNIR, the name of the hammer.
		The Thor's Hammer pendant is cast in sterling silver and is hand painted with a colored enamel.
		The Thor's Hammer pendant is cast in 14k.
	www.badalijewelry.com /thors_hammer.htm (440 words)

	Runes
		Part 2 (of three parts) on the meanings of the elder futhark runes.
		Article 1 of a 3 part series on the meanings of the Elder Futhark runes.,Article 1 of a 3 part series on the meanings of the Elder Futhark runes.
		Elder Futhark Rune Meanings Part 1 of 3 (2 msgs)
	www.suite101.com /welcome.cfm/runes (269 words)

	Bloodstone Rune Set - Elder Futhark
		A truly magickal source of Wisdom and Guidance, this extraordinary set of polished Bloodstone runes will allow you to uncover the answers to your deeper questions and can be used for inspiration, decision-making, spiritual blessings as well as spell-work and casting.
		A total of 25 hand-selected genuine Bloodstone stones that have been tumble-polished to bring out their natural beauty; includes 24 carved and 1 blank, each approximately 1-1.5" in size and engraved with the runic symbols of the Elder Futhark.
		Each rune is individually carved and adorned by hand and will provide for a lifetime of magickal use.
	www.sacredmists.com /rrblo.html (98 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In fact, they are so closely tied to the old Germanic religion that the use of runes, without a basic and, perferably, advanced knowledge of the religion would be a waste of time, as most of their meaning and value would go unfathomed.
		The earliest version of this runinc alphabet is know as the Elder Futhark, so named after the phonetic value of the first six runes in the series: F(heu), U(ruz), TH(urisaz), A(nsuz), R(aido), and K(enaz).
		There are twenty-four runes in the Elder Futhark, broken into three groups of eight knowns as aettir.
	equinox.faithweb.com /runes/index2.html (1333 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A rune is not merely a letter in an old Germanic alphabet, but it bears the primary definition of "secret" or "mysteries." There were many different runic alphabets in use throughout Northern Europe over the centuries.
		The most common is the Germanic or Elder Futhark.
		This system may have begun as early as 200 B.C.E. The Elder Futhark contains 24 letters divided into three groups of eight, called Ætt (aettir, plural).
	www.futhark.com /intro.html (212 words)

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