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Topic: Elected monarchy

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	Elective monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Today, almost all monarchies are hereditary monarchies in which the monarchs come from one royal family with the office of sovereign being passed from one family member to another upon the death or abdication of the incumbent.
		The United Arab Emirates, where the President and Vice-President are elected by the Members of the Supreme Council of the United Arab Emirates (the seven Rulers of the Emirates); however, the President is (unofficially) always the Ruler of Abu Dhabi, the Vice President (who is also the Prime Minister) always the Ruler of Dubai.
		Padmé Amidala, one of the series' main characters, was elected queen at the age of fourteen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elective_monarchy (1145 words)

	monarchy
		Monarchies are one of the oldest forms of government, with echoes in the leadership of tribal chiefs.
		Some monarchs rule absolute monarchies, where a constitution may be granted or withdrawn, in a society with technologies that allow the concentration and organization of power but not enough for education and rapid communication to flourish.
		The economic structure of such monarchies is that of concentrated wealth, with the majority of the population as agricultural serfs.
	en.mcfly.org /monarchy (1366 words)

	Kingdom of Hawaii - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The unification ended the feudal society of the Hawaiian islands transforming it into a "modern", independent constitutional monarchy crafted in the tradition of European empires.
		The two houses of the legislature were the House of Representatives (directly elected by popular vote) and the House of Nobles (appointed by the monarch with the advice of the Cabinet).
		During her brother's reign the monarchy was left impotent by the Bayonet Constitution of 1887.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawaiian_monarchy (1744 words)

	(Poland: History of its Elective Democracy)
		Elected Speaker of the General Seymik of Masovia in 1633, 1635, Chief Justice of Crown Tribunal in 1633, Deputy of the Seyms of 1634, 1635, and 1638.
		Elected twice deputy judge of the Treasury Tribunal of Radom, and a Commissioner for the 1633 Commission for settlement of boundary disputes between the Crown and private properties in Masovia, he was elected in the same year Chief Justice of the Crown Tribunal (Supreme Court) of Piotrków.
		Elected Deputy for Ciechanów to the Seyms of 1634, 1635, 1638, he served also as the Speaker of the General Seymik of Masovia in 1633 and 1635.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /JJ.html (11665 words)

	Trias Politica In Aruba [Constitutional Monarchy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A constitutional monarchy is a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges a hereditary or elected monarch as head of state.
		Today, constitutional monarchy is almost always combined with representative democracy, and represents a compromise between theories of sovereignty which place sovereignty in the hands of the people, and those that see a role for tradition in the theory of government.
		The present monarchy was established in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna as part of the re-arrangement of Europe after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/july/article432.html (1580 words)

	Constitutional monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Most modern constitutional monarchies operate under a written fundamental or organic law known as a constitution, which strictly defines the roles possessed by the head of state, the executive, legislature and judiciary.
		As well as the strict definitions, restrictions exist as to the manner by which these definitions may be changed, with constitutional amendments being passed either by plebiscite (also called referendum), by weighted majorities in parliament or by the voting through of an amendment by two successive parliaments, with a general election in between.
		In a constitutional monarchy the post of the head of state is usually passed (by some form of primogeniture) within a royal family.
	www.explainthat.info /co/constitutional-monarchy.html (1614 words)

	Wikinfo \| Constitutional monarchy
		Queen Rania of Jordan states starkly that the difference between ruling a monarchy and ruling a democracy is that, in the latter, an error costs at most the next election, whereas a monarch might well lose their head.
		The concept of constitutional monarchy owes its origins to the absolute monarchies for the later middle ages, where governmental authority was exercised by the monarch and his (or in rare occasions her) government.
		Most modern constitutional monarchies owe their origins to systems in which the monarch not merely reigned but governed, for instance according to the theories of Absolute Monarchy which from the renaissance succeeded more aristocratic systems.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Constitutional_monarchy (1721 words)

	Monarchy Years - The History of Hawaii - Hawaii School Reports
		The Monarchy years generally span the period of time between the unification of the islands by Kamehameha the Great in 1810 and the overthrow of the Hawaiian government in 1893.
		The 1840 Constitution established a House of Nobles and an elected House of Representatives whose assent to new laws and changes to the Constitution was required.
		The precipitating event for the overthrow of the Monarchy and Queen Lili'uokalani was her proposed new Constitution.
	www.hawaiischoolreports.com /history/monarchy.htm (1287 words)

	The Elected Monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In 1573, Henri de Valois, younger brother to Charles IX of France, was elected king by an overwhelming majority.
		nr Grodno 1586), Prince of Transylvania (1571 - 76) was elected king of Poland (1575 - 86) by the szlachta (the nobility).
		On Augustus’ death, in 1733, the French candidate, Leszczynski, was again elected King; this sparked off the War of Polish Succession (1733 - 35) during which Polish resistance, the Confederation of Dzikow under the leadership of Adam Tarlo, was crushed by combined Prussian and Russian armies.
	www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk /www/ElectedMonarchy.html (5443 words)

	Monarchy and Ideology, Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In Part I, I explained my belief that since modern constitutional monarchy is inherently evocative of the non-democratic monarchy of the past, royalists should be able to defend, at least theoretically, this older kind of monarchy and compare it favorably to democracy.
		So when I speak of traditional monarchy, I am referring to a system in which the office of head of state and government is hereditary, usually passed on from father to eldest son.
		The elected leaders of both Britain and America are currently planning to launch an aggressive war against a country which has never attacked them, disproving the notion that democracies do not initiate war.
	www.angelfire.com /in3/theodore/opinion/ideology2.html (2376 words)

	MONARCHY OR REPUBLIC
		Under the constitutional monarchy, the Governor-General is appointed by the non-political Monarch, on the advice of the Prime Minister.
		By contrast, an elected president is often a political rival to the Prime Minister, and the dangers of an executive president, where all political power is vested in one individual, is readily apparent.
		It is because New Zealand is a monarchy that the three elements of government, the legislature, the Judiciary, and the executive, are formally interrelated and interdependent.
	www.geocities.com /cox_nz/factsheet4.htm (1427 words)

	Myths about Monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This infers that those citizens who live in countries where they have an elected head of state are less devoted to their country and its defence than those subjects who live in the few countries that still have a monarchy.
		Of course, the monarchy is harmless and irrelevant.
		It is a logical consequence of the removal of the monarchy that the House of Lords be replaced by a 100% elected upper house (or senate).
	www.republic.org.uk /resources/infosheets/mythsheet.htm (6608 words)

	Rome: The Republic
		The history of the Republic is a history of continuous warfare; all of the historical stories which the Romans will use as stories of Roman virtue and values date from this tumultuous period of defense and invasion.
		These traditions and laws were based on the institution of a monarchy, so while the Romans did not revive the monarchy, they still invested enormous amounts of power in their officials.
		The consuls were elected from the patrician class, as were the quaestors and the praetors; the censors, by definition, were always patricians.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/ROME/REPUBLIC.HTM (1309 words)

	The Australian referendum
		Howard removed a reference to the new president being an "Australian." And he added one that drew attention to the proposal that the head of state be appointed by a two-thirds vote of parliament.
		Many who preferred a popularly elected president voted with the monarchists against a constitutional amendment that would have given the Australian parliament the power to appoint the nation's head of state and the Prime Minister the right to sack the president.
		Labour leader Kim Beasley, who has shown signs of being sympathetic to a popularly elected president, has been reported to be looking to holding a plebiscite on the principle of a republic in 2004 if his party wins the general election in 2001.
	www.centreforcitizenship.org /international/aus1.html (1518 words)

	Jules Grévy
		He became an advocate in 1837, and, having steadily maintained republican principles under the Orleans monarchy, was elected by his native department to the Constituent Assembly of 1848.
		Foreseeing that Louis Bonaparte would be elected president by the people, he proposed to vest the chief authority in a president of the Council elected and removable by the Assembly, or in other words, to suppress the Presidency of the Republic.
		On the 8th of March 1876 he was elected president of the Chamber of Deputies, a post which he filled with such efficiency that upon the resignation of Marshal MacMahon he seemed to step naturally into the Presidency of the Republic (30th January 1879), and was elected without opposition by the republican parties.
	www.nndb.com /people/947/000103638 (327 words)

	Star Wars: Message Boards: Monarchy!
		Elected presidents are concerned more with their own political futures and power, and as we have seen (in Brazil for example), may use their temporary tenure to enrich themselves.
		Elected presidents in their nature devote much energy to undoing the achievements of their predecessors and setting traps for their successors.
		Date Posted: Mar 13, 2002 08:11 AM With monarchs it is the reverse: they build on the achievements of their forebears in order to strengthen the position of their successors.A long-reigning monarch can put enormous experience at the disposal of transient political leaders.
	forums.starwars.com /thread.jspa?threadID=27804 (1002 words)

	Asia Times Online - The best news coverage from South Asia
		December 16, the day the students chose to publicly register their protest against the dismissal of the elected prime minister on October 4, 2002 and assumption by the king of political duties, was also aimed at refreshing the public memory about the royal coup of 1960.
		It was on December 16 that year that King Mahendra, the present king's father, dissolved parliament and dismantled the country's first elected government on bland charges of corruption and incompetence.
		This is bound to inflict additional backlash against the monarchy from the alienated population.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/FA30Df06.html (2503 words)

	North and Central Amerikanian Countries
		Elected monarchy, the current king is HM Francisco II "of" Morazán.
		Hereditary monarchy, the current ruler is HM Faustin I d' Haití.
		Hereditary monarchy, the current king is HM Louis II of Bourbon.
	www.angelfire.com /ab/albertindex/kondor11.html (491 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		Those who do the electing are referred to as the Elector Princes, and have always been the heads of the most powerful and influential noble families throughout Europe.
		Franz Josef is the only Emperor they have elected, and that to honour their agreements with his father, but he is rightly concerned about the current political climate, for the Holy Roman Empire is changing fast.
		Roman magistrates, or praetors, are democratically elected by the people of a jurisdiction from among candidates put forward by the local governor.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /rumtigger2/Nations/roman.htm (2490 words)

	Restoring Lithuania's Royal Titles
		Others are largely ceremonial or constitutional monarchies existing in a complimentary relationship respected and revered but holding little or no ruling power.
		The President of Lithuania is an American born Valdas Adamkus was elected by the people in July 2004.
		Yet others have indicated all genuine descendents from the elected Polish monarchy were deceased and proof of blood lines was not possible.
	www.helleniccomserve.com /royal_titles.html (900 words)

	The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth \| All Empires
		The first elected monarch was Henri d'Anjou, but he resigned half-way through the year in the hope of succeeding to the French throne instead.
		In 1697 the Elector of Saxony, Augustus, was elected King.
		On Augustus' death, in 1733, Leszczynski was again elected King but the Russians interfered by sending in an army and rerunning the election; Augustus' son, Frederick Augustus, was elected.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=polish_lithuanian (1296 words)

	Sweden - The Monarchy now and then
		The oldest, historically reliable information about the monarchy in Sweden is the narrative about the Svear kingdom which stems from the 9th century and is to be found in the Ansgar Legend.
		The struggle for royal power against the breakthrough of liberalism was the main theme in the middle of the 19th century for of Swedish monarchy.
		His great contribution to Sweden´s history was that during his reign he succeeded in transforming the monarchy step by step along the lines of the Swedish society of today.
	www.society.at /318/htm/sweden2.html (1206 words)

	rezapahlavi
		If the democratically elected leader turns to be a dictator and wants to annul the future elections, this is a clear breach of trust and those in the military who have supported him know that they have to respond to people.
		Monarchy is not a symbol of unity and even if it was it is too costly to upkeep.
		This is not very unusual because as you know, in those European monarchies that you extol, the prime ministers are in charge of the army not the kings or the queens.
	www.humanists.net /alisina/rezapahlavi.htm (7863 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Canon calls time on hereditary monarchy
		Canon Eric James believes that excessive media attention on the Royal Family and the possible abolition of hereditary peers in the House of Lords mean that the monarchy cannot stay as it is.
		Constitutional expert Lord St John of Fawsley said an elected monarchy would be a disaster because it would mean a monarchy dominated by politicians.
		He said the issue of constitutional reforms made by the government should be kept separate from those concerning the monarchy.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/88924.stm (411 words)

	Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy
		The Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy believes in fair competition among political groups and that free elections should be conducted in an atmosphere of stability.
		An Iraq that is a constitutional monarchy with a presidential-parliamentary type of political regime and a legislature that is selected on the basis outlined offers the best hope for a stable democratic Iraq.
		The restoration of the monarchy is neither a moral choice nor a philosophical question but a political necessity, based on pragmatic realities of the situation in Iraq.
	www.iraqcmm.org (750 words)

	The Parliamentary Monarchy. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The people's representatives are elected by voting from closed lists drawn up by the political parties or election coalitions, the number of deputies and senators elected for each party being in proportion to the number of votes that each list has received.
		In order to strengthen the stability of the Government thus elected, any motion of no-confidence must include the name of the candidate nominated to replace the President of the Government, and in the event of the motion being approved a new Government will be formed according to this same procedure.
		In restoring Monarchy in Spain King Juan Carlos I has shown intelligence and sensivity, to the point of placing the good name of the Monarchy at the highest level in modern Spanish history both among Spanish people and in other countries.
	www.sispain.org /english/history/monarchy.html (524 words)

	The Monarchy in Sweden
		The oldest, historically reliable information about the monarchy in Sweden is the narrative about the Svear kingdom which stems from the 9th century and is to be found in the Ansgar Legend depicting the travels of the Christian missionary, Ansgar, to the Svear trading centre, Birka.
		In the 15th century this led to the establishment of a Riksdag (Parliament) consisting of representatives of the four estates: nobility, clergy, burghers and landowning farmers.
		During the reign of Gustav Vasa, 1521– 1560, the monarchy definitely gained the upper hand with the result that kingship became hereditary.
	www.bolag.org /english/sweden/general/e-s-monarchy.htm (4036 words)

	Plan Colombia and Beyond: Spreading liberty by arming dictators?
		First, he would have to tolerate elected leaders who oppose the United States (there are few of these, but Hugo Chávez is the obvious test case).
		Citizens may participate in the political system through their elected representatives to Parliament [lower house only]; however, the King has discretionary authority to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister, Cabinet, and upper house of Parliament, to dissolve Parliament, and to establish public policy.
		The U.S. government believes that it really needs these elected or unelected, unfree or partly free, governments/leaders/regimes to stay on its good side, for several reasons, and thus it's willing to at least partially look the other way...and apparently so does more than half of the U.S. population (by a small margin, granted).
	www.ciponline.org /colombia/blog/archives/000049.htm (2862 words)

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