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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Sejm
		Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
		The legislation was commonly negotiated by a deputation from the lower house (Sejm) with the upper chamber (Senate) and the reigning monarch (considered to be a third, separate Sejm chamber on his own).
		The Sejm would vote on the budget as well as on the periodic "national plans" that were a fixture of communist economies.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Sejm (1795 words)

	The Act of 28th May
		ON ELECTIONS TO THE SEJM OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND
		A protest against validity of elections in a constituency or against the election of a deputy to the Sejm may be lodged by a voter whose name, on the day of election, was placed in the roll of voters in one of the polling districts in the territory of a given constituency.
		A vacancy in a seat of a deputy to the Sejm shall be pronounced by the Marshal of the Sejm.
	unpan1.un.org /intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN019043.htm (14418 words)

	Warsaw Voice - Election Puzzle
		Sejm Speaker Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz declared his intention to put this very motion to a vote on May 5, while Prime Minister Marek Belka in turn said he would submit his government's resignation on the same day, which would limit its responsibilities to administering the country until a new team took office.
		In theory, the election could be held in July or August if the official procedure to appoint a new prime minister-first at the initiative of the president and then parliament-fails.
		Oleksy reiterated the Alliance was in favor of holding the parliamentary election in autumn, in accordance with the constitution.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /view/8122 (784 words)

	Sejm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1.1 Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
		However, the Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum of Gallus Anonymus mentions the election in the 9th century of the legendary founder of the Piast dynasty (Siemowit) by a "sejm".
		The legislation was drafted in the lower chamber (Sejm).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sejm (1951 words)

	Sejm of the Republic of Poland
		The dominance of the Sejm over the Senate in the legislative process is constitutionally guaranteed; the Sejm may also (by a three-fifths majority vote, in the presence of at least half of the statutory number of Deputies) reenact a statute which has been referred by the President for reconsideration.
		However, if, during the creation of the government it should become clear that the Sejm is not in a position to grant a vote of confidence even with a simple majority vote, in the presence of least half of the statutory number of Deputies, then the President shortens the term of office of the Sejm.
		The Sejm works in accordance with the principle of permanence - there is no division of the term of office into sessions and periods between sessions; sittings of the Sejm are open to the public.
	www.sejm.gov.pl /english/sejm/sejm.htm (1057 words)

	Poland - Sejm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Sejm has the constitutional responsibility of initiating and enacting laws that "set the basic direction of the state's activity" and of overseeing "other organs of power and state administration." The constitution specifies election of the 460 Sejm deputies to a term of four years.
		The 1991 election was conducted by a system that awarded seats in the Sejm in strict proportion to the number of votes each party or coalition garnered nationally.
		The marshal and three vice marshals constitute the Presidium of the Sejm, the chief duties of which are to oversee accomplishment of the Sejm agenda, to coordinate the activities of the parliamentary commissions, and to represent the Sejm in external affairs.
	countrystudies.us /poland/74.htm (451 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: Central and Eastern Europe
		Parliamentary Elections in Moldova on March 6, 2005, in Romanian, Russian and English
		Elections in the Slovak Republic, in Slovak and English
		Republic of Slovenia - decision-making by citizens on elections and referendums, in Slovene and English
	electionresources.org /eastern.europe.html (280 words)

	Political Transition in Hungary and Poland
		The Polish Sejm electoral system in 1991 was highly proportional because parties did not need to cross a national legal threshold to win seats and because most seats were allocated in constituencies where the effective threshold was low.
		The result was a new Sejm composed of only seven parties (one of which was for the German minority that was exempted from threshold requirements), with the former communists winning first place.
		The 1994 parliamentary elections were held under essentially the same electoral law, although the winning threshold was raised from 4% to 5%.
	www.fairvote.org /reports/1995/chp7/lundberg2.html (1644 words)

	Poland-election-sejm
		Asked about his reaction to the election results in Poland, Verheugen said that it was a matter of the greatest importance for politicians in candidate countries to insure that discontent with an essential part of internal politics did not threaten support for EU membership and integration.
		The president attended the inaugural session of the Sejm of the fourth term of office.
		Borowski, the deputy Sejm speaker during the previous parliament tenure, was the only candidate for the post.
	www.polonya.org.tr /elections-1.html (1644 words)

	Poland (10/05)
		The June election produced a Sejm (lower house), in which one-third of the seats went to communists and one-third went to the two parties which had hitherto been their coalition partners.
		The remaining one-third of the seats in the Sejm and all those in the Senate were freely contested; virtually all of these were won by candidates supported by Solidarity.
		The parliament, consisting of 460 members of the Sejm and 100 members of the upper house, or Senat, was elected in September 2001 in free and fair elections in which 15 political parties participated.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/p/54910.htm (4289 words)

	Polish History - Part 5
		Sigismund's policy was also carried on by his son, Sigismund Augustus (1548-1572), but the war against Moscow, the necessity to collect levy and taxes, as well as the problem of the succession to the throne (in the absence of natural heirs,) compelled the ruler to cooperate with the noblemen.
		The Sejms of the 1560s decided on the execution of the estates distributed after 1504 and resolved to make a list of royal estates and their incomes (the so-called "musters",) as well as to create a separate fund out of those incomes for the maintenance of a regular army.
		During the Sejm of Lublin (1569), Sigismund Augustus overcame the opposition of magnates from Lithuania and incorporated the southeastern Ruthenian Lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into the Crown.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history5.htm (1827 words)

	CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 1180-1572
		This, the first proper sejm, was consolidated as the central authority "with full powers from those absent" and ultimate forum (no longer the sejmiki), though the deputies are bound by the instructions made at the sejmiki.
		At the first sejm of Piotrków, the szlachta turned their attention to restricting the powers of the magnateria, who were to become impeachable for malpractice in the recently ccreated Senate.
		Stormy scenes at the 1548 Coronation Sejm on the accession of of ZA initiated with the conflict regarding the KingÕs secret marriage to Barbara Gasztoldowa z Radziwillów.
	www.arts.gla.ac.uk /Slavonic/staff/Szlachta.html (2093 words)

	POLAND'S ELECTIONS: Brief Information About the Participants
		The top of the party's popularity was in the first half of the 1990s, when in 1993 elections it got 15.4% of votes (132 places in the Sejm).
		Elections platform of this party contains a standard set of slogans of the leftist camp (defense of workers' rights, support of socially weak groups of population, etc.).
		Elections are organized by the Election Committee (Komitet Wyborczy "Mniejszosc Niemiecka"),which was founded in 1990.
	www.axisglobe.com /article.asp?article=396 (1313 words)

	Jan Zamoyski
		After the extinction of the Jagiello dynasty in 1572 during the election sejm (Polish sejm konwokacyjny) he used his influence to enforce the victrom election procedure (meaning all nobles had the right to vote for the king) and for the majority voting procedure.
		During the 1573 election he was in favour of Henryk II Walezy.
		Open conflict between king and chancellor broke out during the Sejm (Polish Diet) of 1592, when Zamoyski found out that Sigismund was plotting to cede the Polish crown to the Habsburgs in exchange for their support of his right to the Swedish throne.
	www.gamelow.com /Painters-J/Jan_Zamoyski.php (770 words)

	Poland Executive branch - Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 9 and 23 October 2005 (next to be held October 2010); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
		Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election.
		Election results includes the percent of vote for each candidate in the last election.
	www.indexmundi.com /poland/executive_branch.html (314 words)

	Poland, Country Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		4.5 Elections were held in 1989 under rules of "controlled democracy", where 65% of the seats in the Sejm were already allocated to the communists and their client parties and the remaining 35% were freely contested; Solidarity won a decisive victory.
		Marek Borowski of the SLD was elected Speaker of the Sejm; Samoobrona leader Lepper became one of the four deputy Speakers.
		A new draft of the bill was introduced in the Sejm on 27 April 2001, but progress on this was suspended when Parliament dissolved prior to the September elections.
	www.ecoi.net /file_upload/panja1_pol0021.htm (6081 words)

	Poland. The World Factbook. 2003
		Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency.
		Solidarity suffered a major defeat in the 2001 parliamentary elections when it failed to elect a single deputy to the lower house of Parliament, and the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role.
		Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)
	www.bartleby.com /151/pl.html (1402 words)

	History
		1791 - The Great Sejm passes the Constitution of the Third of May. The second modern constitution in the world (after the US Constitution), it transformed Poland into a constitutional monarchy, granted political rights to the inhabitants of towns and cities, and gave legal protection to the peasants.
		1989, 4 June - The Contractual Election, on the grounds of the Round Table agreements, with 35% of the seats in Sejm reserved for the Opposition.
		Landslide Solidarity victory in the election to Senate, where there were no conditions on the number of seats allocated.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/bela/history.htm (738 words)

	Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
		elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
		Judicial branch -Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)
	www.emu.edu.tr /modeleu/poland_files/slide0005.htm (268 words)

	[No title]
		Elections were held for all the seats of the Sejm on the normal expiry of the members' term of office.
		On 25 September 2005, parliamentary elections were held for both chambers of the Polish Parliament: the 460-seat lower house (Sejm) and the 100-seat Senate (Senat), in parallel with presidential elections.
		This coalition held 216 seats in the Sejm and 75 seats in the Senate.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/2255_E.htm (932 words)

	Sejm Sitting No 140
		In the draft resolution, the Sejm calls on political parties to disclose the sources of financing of their election campaigns.
		The authors of the bill want to extend the veterans' privileges to the victims of social unrest in the coastal cities in December 1970 who were badly injured or sustained serious damage to their health.
		The Sejm vote means that the act will be sent to the President to be signed into law in the version adopted by the Sejm, which envisages the possibility of abortion in the woman has difficult living conditions or is in a difficult personal situation.
	kronika.sejm.gov.pl /kronika/ss-140.htm (1466 words)

	POLISH NEWS - Straight from POLAND - February 2001.
		Sejm speaker Maciej Plazynski from the AWS (Solidarity bloc) and Donald Tusk from the pro-business liberal Freedom Union (UW) have been attracting other defectors to the new movement which pledges to support small business, education and rural development and crack down on corruption.
		Germany Chancellor Gerhard Schröder recently told the Bundestag (lower house of parliament) he favored a seven-year transition period during which Poles and other new members would not be able to freely seek employment in the EU countries.
		This being an election year in Germany, observers feel Schröder is trying not to antagonize potential voters who fear an uncontrolled influx of East Europeans job-seekers.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/straight/2001/hotnews58_1.shtml (1535 words)

	Government of Poland
		The current government structure consists of a council of ministers led by a Prime Minister, typically chosen from the majority coalition in the bicameral legislature's lower house (Sejm).
		The most important changes were liquidation of a national list (all deputies are elected by voters in electoral districts) and introduction of a new method of calculating seats (the modified St. Lague method replaced the d'Hondt method, thus eliminating the premium for the top parties).
		Parties represented in the newly elected Sejm are Law and Justice (PiS), Civic Platform (PO), Self-Defense (SO), Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), the League of Polish Families (LPR), and the Polish Peasant Party (PSL).
	infotut.com /geography/Poland/Government (910 words)

	Politics of Poland
		The parliament, consisting of 460 members of the Sejm and 100 members of the Senate, was elected in September 2001 in free and fair elections in which 15 political parties participated.
		The most important changes were liquidation of a national list (all deputies were elected by voters in constituencies) and introduction of a new method of calculating seats (the modified St.
		As of October 2001, eight parties and the German minority are represented in the Sejm.
	www.fastload.org /po/Politics_of_Poland.html (975 words)

	Geografia d'Europa: Polonia
		elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19 November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
		Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe consists of the Sejm (460 seats; members are elected under a complex system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) and the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members are elected by a majority vote on a provincial basis to serve four-year terms)
		elections: Sejm elections last held 21 September 1997 (next to be held by NA September 2001); Senate—last held 21 September 1997 (next to be held by NA September 2001)
	www.ub.es /medame/Pol_gpol.html (387 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook 2002 -- Field Listing - Executive branch
		elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister appointed by the governor
		elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed by the monarch; bailiff appointed by the monarch
		elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
	www.umsl.edu /services/govdocs/wofact2002/fields/2077.html (12001 words)

	Poland Investment Debt Income Economy natural Gas Internet Hosts Oil Details
		chief of state: president lech kaczynski (since 23 december 2005) head of government: prime minister kazimierz marcinkiewicz (since 31 october 2005); deputy prime ministers ludwik dorn (since 23 november 2005) and zyta gilowska (since 7 january 2006) cabinet: council of ministers responsible to the prime minister and the sejm; the prime minister proposes.
		the right-wing law and justice party won parliamentary elections in september.
		and lech kaczynski won the presidential election in october.
	www.ip2stats.com /Poland_fact2.html (907 words)

	CNN.com - World - Election Watch
		Assembly: Poland has a bicameral National Assembly (Zgromadzenie Narodowe) consisting of the Sejm with 460 seats and the Senate with 100 seats.
		In the Sejm, 391 of 460 Deputies are elected by a system of proportional representation and the remaining 69 seats are allocated by proportional representation on the basis of the d'Hondt method.
		Opinion polls just prior to the election showed that President KWASNIEWSKI held a decisive lead over his rivals for the presidency.
	edition.cnn.com /WORLD/election.watch/europe/poland1.html (201 words)

	Modern Era (16-18th century) - Election of John Casimir Vasa
		Maciej Łubieński, archbishop of Gniezno, senators and province deputies of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and Grand Duchy of Lithuania gathered for the election Sejm announce that John Casimir Vasa, hereditary king of Sweden, prince of Poland was elected as the king of Poland on November 17, 1648.
		The seals are impressed in red wax, put into round metal cans (in different size) and appendant by 11 pieces of cord made of twisted white and pink threads.
		On the reverse of the document there is a note made at the meeting of Sejm on September 16, 1668 with information that the document was given back to the archives of the Crown after its revocation by virtue of the King’s abdication.
	poland.pl /archives/modernera/article,,id,44282.htm (356 words)

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