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Topic: Election campaigns

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	Political campaign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Examples of political campaigns are: the effort to execute or banish Socrates from Athens in the 5th century BCE, the uprising of petty nobility against John of England in the 13th century, or the recent push to remove Michael Eisner from the helm of The Walt Disney Company.
		The ideal of the campaign is for the numbers of people involved, the media presence, the funds available, the hours worked by volunteers and the number of people reached by the message to increase rapidly and to keep increasing until the goal of the campaign is reached.
		Modern election campaigns in the US Political campaigns in the United States are not merely a civic ritual and occasion for political debate, but a multi-billion dollar industry, dominated by professional political consultants using sophisticated campaign management tools, to an extent far greater than elsewhere in the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_campaign (1861 words)

	USIS -- Issues of Democracy, September 1996 --Financing Presidential Election Campaigns
		In the 1992 general election campaign, the fifth in which public funds were provided, incumbent Republican George Bush had about $90 million spent by his campaign or on his behalf, including a public grant of $55.2 million.
		The $3.2 billion ($3,200 million) spent on election campaigns, whose outcomes determine how such enormous sums of tax money are spent, amounts to a mere fraction of one percent of the total amount of government spending.
		In a campaign's early stages, public funding is intended to make the nominating process more competitive and to encourage candidates to broaden their bases of support by seeking out large numbers of relatively small contributions.
	usinfo.state.gov /journals/itdhr/0996/ijde/alex.htm (2235 words)

	[No title]
		Campaign Phases It is important to consider changes in media behavior across time, for changes in campaign coverage can impact the information voters receive and the ultimate decisions they make.
		In the 1988 and 1992 election years, "the economy" received routine mention as the reason for voter skepticism of candidates and as the defining force in the elections.
		In brief, horserace reporting characterized campaign coverage in prestige newspapers during the 1992 election year, refuting claims made by professional commentators that "the issues" would be the central focus.
	excellent.com.utk.edu /~mmmiller/elecpoll.txt (5015 words)

	Welcome to The American Presidency
		In elections in nondemocratic regimes, frequently as many as 99% of the votes are cast for the official party candidates, whose names often are the only ones on the ballot.
		In a direct election each member of the electorate votes directly for the candidate of his or her choice, and, depending on the relevant rules, the candidate with a plurality or a majority of the popular vote is certified as the winner.
		Election results and winners are certified by designated public officials, often the clerk of elections in a county or the secretary of state in a state.
	ap.grolier.com /article?assetid=0140110-00&templatename=/article/artic... (5065 words)

	Election Campaigns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is not enough for political leaders and foreign election observers to focus their attention on the allocation of time for free broadcasts by the rival parties during the limited period before the poll.
		In the later stages of the term of a Parliament, when the prospect of a sudden election campaign becomes greater, the political parties and their candidates must step up their electioneering activities, just in case the election is called.
		The result of the uncertainty is a variable, and sometimes prolonged, run-up period to the campaign: a period of semi-campaigning.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/pc/pce (2210 words)

	Doris Granny D Haddock for US Senate
		On January 1, 1999, at the age of 89, she began a 3,200-mile walk across the country to demonstrate her concern for the issue, walking ten miles each day for fourteen months and making speeches along the way.
		Even through she was the official Democratic Party nominee for the seat, she refused all special interest PAC contributions, walking the neighborhoods of the state to talk to people directly.
		When the red state of New Hampshire turned blue in 2004 by a mere 9,000 votes, her campaign was given a share of the credit.
	www.grannyd.com (472 words)

	Socialist Party Coventry Election Campaigns
		Campaigned against 'regeneration' schemes that propose the demolition of affordable homes with no replacement.
		Her victory, like those from the Scottish Socialist Party in elections to the Scottish Parliament, shows that it is possible to offer a fighting socialist alternative to the pro-big business policies of the establishment parties - and win.
		Over 70 people worked in our campaign, many people look likely to join us, (some already have) and many others have asked us to stand in their area, with an offer to put our leaflets out for us.
	www.socialistparty.org.uk /ElectionCampaignCov.htm (3098 words)

	Black Box Voting: Ballot - Tampering in the 21st Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Elections supervisor Lester Sola said in a memo on Friday that the county should switch to optical scanners that use paper ballots, based on declining voter confidence in the paperless touch-screen machines and quadrupled labor costs on the day of an election.
		The election director for Guilford Co. and champion of BBV vendors, George Gilbert, was furious the bill passed.
		Given the attitude of election officials though, I will seek a legislator to add an amendment banning further purchase of the machines and requiring them to be replaced with optical scanners once the existing equipment within five years.
	www.blackboxvoting.com (2634 words)

	2 Labor Groups Defy Ruling Against Election Campaigns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The move came in defiance of a ruling by the Central Election Management Commission (CEMC) that labor unions are banned from engaging in election campaigns ahead of the official 16-day period of March 28 to April 12.
		Thus, labor unions of the railway and post office as well as teachers unions are not permitted to carry out election campaigns.
		It claimed that the ruling is null and void because it violates constitutional rights, specifically those that guarantee the participation of labor unions in election campaigns.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55a/243.html (349 words)

	Home
		Keep up to date with the latest election reform developments with Electionline Weekly, our online newsletter, and our alerts service bringing you breaking news in the world of election reform.
		Federal officials dealt a major setback to the chances of holding citywide elections in New Orleans on Feb. 4 by denying state officials records showing where hurricane-displaced voters are living, state election officials said Tuesday.
		Election Reform Briefing reveals that 25 states will require the use of paper trails in time for the 2008 presidential election, and of these 15 states will use them as the official record in a recount of votes.
	www.electionline.org (312 words)

	PoliticalMoneyLine
		The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee reported raising $x and spending $x in August, leaving cash-on-hand of $16,715,440 and no debts.
		Bill Crocker, Republican National Committeeman from Texas, registered a new Section 527 committee with the I.R.S. The Texas Republican Legislative Campaign Committee registered on 10/17 with the purpose stated as "to accept political contributions and make political expenditures." The committee will file in Texas and reported it had no related entities.
		Campaign finance reports covering September activity are being filed this week at the Federal Election Commission.
	www.tray.com (2773 words)

	Links to Election Resources - Government and Politics: InfoUSA
		An extensive source of links to all aspects of the 2004 campaign and election, with background information also available on the campaigns from 1996 through 2002.
		The House Committee with jurisdiction over the conduct of elections provides news, text of "dear colleagues" letters, summaries of recent election legislation, and transcripts of committee hearings on election-related legislation.
		The FVAP informs and educates U.S. citizens worldwide of their right to vote; fosters voting participation; and protects the integrity of, and simultaneously enhances, the electoral process at the Federal, State and local levels.
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/infousa/politics/election.htm (1185 words)

	Pro-Choice Election Campaigns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		campaign propaganda by going directly to people in their homes.
		A study of the 1992 Presidential election by Alan Abramowitz of Emory
		At election time, the identified supporters are the easiest to activate.
	pages.zdnet.com /trimb/id31.html (2208 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Monson, Joseph
		It does so by supplying strategic information that enables campaigns to operate more efficiently and effectively, targeting campaign messages to voters who are most likely to be receptive.
		Poll use by congressional campaigns varies considerably but is predicted by campaign characteristics such as the competitiveness of the race, the resources available to pay for the polling, and the amount the campaign is spending on advertising.
		However, in the small number of very competitive U.S. House districts, the party campaign committees use polling extensively to help convince attractive candidates to enter open seat contests favorable to the party or especially to identify vulnerable incumbents of the opposite party and find out if a reasonable chance of victory exists.
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092697398 (320 words)

	SOSIG: Conduct of Election Campaigns
		Assessment of the Voter Education Programme for the Scottish Parliament Elections (2000)
		Elections in the age of the Internet : lessons from the United States edited by Stephen Coleman (2000)
		Parliamentary Elections in Zimbabwe 24-25 June 2000: The Report of the Commonwealth Observer Group
	www.sosig.ac.uk /roads/subject-listing/Europe/eleccampaigns.html (239 words)

	Evaluating Election Campaigns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Any strategic and tactical decisions relating to a particular election campaign will represent a compromise between the needs of education, influence and governance and for any assessment of a party's campaign, its electoral performance must be measured against each of these roles.
		And in particular ask whether we can measure the success or otherwise of education as well as that of influence and governance in the 1998 election, when in practice education and enlightenment are all bundled up together with power, influence, governance and even respectability...something which matters to Swedish electors.
		And they will appear in their election manifesto at least one election before reappearing...often in disguise and occasionally in an inverted form...
	hem.passagen.se /aibpeter/economics/electioncampaigns.html (1103 words)

	Articles and Research Guides
		Social critic and presidential campaigner Ralph Nader details what it takes to fight the two-party political system, and why an increasing number of progressive Democrats are moving toward the Green Party.
		Henderson outlines the law of campaigns and elections, provides guidelines on how to research campaign and election reform, and details chronological facts and biographical, organizational and agency listings.
		Mayer studies every presidential race from JFK's campaign in 1960 to George W. Bush's in 2000, considering the approaches these campaigns have taken to the issue of race, and the crucial difference the fl vote has made in each election.
	www.nypl.org /branch/features/index2.cfm?PFID=233 (1860 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Election Campaigns Work"
		We've all seen elections and we know that they contain the same basic elements every time.
		That's because all of the activity in each cycle is designed to get the candidate's name and message out to the voters, and these are the techniques that seem to work best.
		To understand how an election campaign really works behind the scenes, we will look at a typical campaign being run by Andy Brack.
	people.howstuffworks.com /election-campaign1.htm (409 words)

	USATODAY.com - Politics and Elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		California OKs stem cell funding in wave of ballot issue votes.
		Presidential election may have hinged on one issue.
		Election loss leaves many with empty feelings, strong emotions.
	www.usatoday.com /news/politicselections/front.htm (146 words)

	Socialist Party Election Campaigns - Socialist Alliances
		Unfortunately, however, the by-election vote will be used against all socialists, in the trade unions and elsewhere, who are arguing for an alternative to New Labour.
		In a bizarre inversion of reality, electoral campaigns which have won the most votes were deemed ‘narrow and unsuccessful’ while those with less votes were ‘broad and inclusive’.
		I was appointed as the election agent only to be constantly ignored by the SWP faction during the campaign.
	www.socialistparty.org.uk /CampaignsSocialistAlliances.htm (4324 words)

	Elections and Electoral Systems by Country
		The Center for Voting and Democracy is dedicated to fair elections where every vote counts and all voters are represented.
		Adam Carr's Electoral Archive has complete (ie, seat by seat) federal elections statistics from 1901 (federation) to the present, and statistics for all Australian state elections since 1990.
		National Electoral Committee has information in English on the Parliamentary Elections of 1995 and 1999, and the local elections of 1996, plus an overview of elections from 1989-1996.
	www.psr.keele.ac.uk /election.htm (1455 words)

	SOSIG: Conduct of Election Campaigns
		Elections : the scope of congressional authority in election administration (2001)
		Campaign Reform: Lets Not Give Politicians the Power to Decide What we can Say About Them by Douglas Johnson and Mike Beard (1997)
		Election Law and the Internet by Trevor Potter and Kirk L. Jowers (2001)
	www.sosig.ac.uk /roads/subject-listing/World-cat/eleccampaigns.html (507 words)

	CNN.com - Iraqi PM campaigns as election security plans take shape - Jan 16, 2005
		Iraqis in the U.S. prepare to vote in their nation's election.
		In the predominantly Sunni city of Mosul, Iraqi security forces have bolstered their troop strength to 4,000 ahead of the election, according to a statement from the U.S. military.
		He said the Mosul area's biggest challenge is recruiting new election staffers, as many have quit, as well as rebuilding its police force which was "ruined" by the previous police chief.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/meast/01/16/iraq.main/index.html (988 words)

	Socialist Party Election Campaigns
		THE SOCIALIST Party is standing a candidate in the general election to highlight the scandal of Rover's collapse and to call for the renationalisation of the company.
		A campaign of press releases and public actions has meant that there has been regular press coverage for the campaign in the local media.
		She publicised the fact that whilst the council was cutting staff, it paid a string of consultants inflated salaries to come in and leech off the public purse.
	www.socialistparty.org.uk /ElectionCampaign.htm (3391 words)

	washingtonpost.com -- Elections 2004
		Photos: Scenes from President Bush's and Sen. Kerry's campaigns as they criss-crossed the county.
		Learn about the family members who this year are actively campaigning for Bush and Kerry.
		Interesting tidbits from the campaign trail by Washington Post staff writers.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/politics/elections/2004 (721 words)

	The Hindu : Rivals' trial of strength begins with rallies
		In what could be termed as a trial of strength between the two rivals, both are organising rallies in East Delhi this Sunday to highlight the role of their respective governments in the Metro Rail project.
		In fact, the rallies are being seen by political observers as a virtual launch of the campaigns of the two parties for the Assembly elections due later this year.
		The two rallies could also kick off a war of words and more such shows of strength in the near future not only between the two parties but within their own set-ups.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2003/01/05/stories/2003010506270400.htm (617 words)

	Ballot Access News
		Furthermore, US Supreme Court ballot access jurisprudence says that candidates for Congress cannot be kept off the November ballot if they have a modicum of support and if they hold the qualifications to be a member of congress, and if they have not sabotaged their own political party by “sore loser” behavior.
		But the Board of Elections had said the petition was intrinsically invalid as to form.
		A surprisingly complete listing of votes cast in Presidential elections, including numerous third-party candidates and nice maps of vote distribution by state and (on the individual state pages) by county.
	www.ballot-access.org (2302 words)

	Proportional Representation Library
		A source of information on proportional representation elections -- including beginning readings, in-depth articles by scholars and activists, an extensive bibliography, and a guide to related Web sites.
		Those who already have some knowledge of the basics of PR might want to read the on-line articles by various scholars and activists.
		These pieces not only discuss the contemporary issues surrounding this election reform, but also explore some of the history of PR in the U.S., its effects on the representation of women and racial minorities, etc.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/polit/damy/prlib.htm (521 words)

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