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Topic: Elections in Algeria

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	UNDP-POGAR: Programme on Governance in the Arab Region: Elections
		The new Elections Law, issued by Royal Decree on July 22, 2001, raises the number of Lower House seats from 80 to 104, increases the number of constituencies from 21 to 44, redistributes parliamentary seats, and lowers the voting age from 19 to 18.
		Elections are overseen by the Ministry of Interior, which appoints representatives to organize and monitor election proceedings at the local level.
		Election results were as follows: tribal candidates and candidates of conservative social forces achieved a decisive victory by capturing 84 parliamentary seats, while leftist and nationalist political parties failed to win any seat in parliament.
	www.pogar.org /countries/elections.asp?cid=7 (972 words)

	Middle East Institute: Policy Brief
		The election results that are the product of these troubling developments have relevance for the United States as it seeks to fight terrorism, promote reform, and insure the stability of friendly Arab regimes.
		The May 30th elections suggest the deep antipathy that many Algerians have for their leaders, and thus reveal some challenges for US policy towards the Arab world.
		The near-silence of US officials concerning the parliamentary elections, like the silence when Tunisia’s May 26th constitutional referendum was supposedly approved by 99.5% of voters, sends a clear message about American lack of resolve concerning political reform in authoritarian Arab regimes that are partners in the war against terrorism.
	www.mideasti.org /articles/doc54.html (1091 words)

	Politics of Algeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Politics of Algeria takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Algeria is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.
		Algeria has a long history of revolution and regime change, making the political climate dynamic and often in a state of change.
		Algeria is divided into 48 wilaya (province) headed by walis (governors) who report to the Minister of Interior.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Algeria (961 words)

	Middle East Institute: Policy Brief
		He indicated that the results of Algeria's May 30th parliamentary elections should be cause for concern in Washington in regard to the 47% national turnout at the polls.
		In writing, "the failure of Algeria to make strides toward democracy is undermining the country's long-term stability," he seems to ignore the efforts made by Algerians at all levels and their progress towards democracy as demonstrated by the recent elections which indeed open a new era in multi-party parliamentary democracy.
		Nobody in Algeria would disagree on the magnitude of the remaining challenges faced by the Government in fully implementing the structural reforms that are at a crucial stage.
	www.mideasti.org /articles/doc53.html (1175 words)

	Middle East Report 209: Algeria's Contested Elections, Hugh Roberts
		These hypotheses also apply to the municipal and regional elections of October 23, 1997, except that on this occasion the rigging went much further, because the results to be secured were less plausible than in June.
		Table 3 shows a massive increase in the RND's popular vote in October over its vote in June, and a corresponding increase in its share of the seats to be won, and that the increase in both votes and seats was greater at the APC level than at the APW level.
		On the contrary, the evidence of the 1997 elections suggests that the results of the electors' choices have to be "corrected" in the most systematic way to make them correspond to the backroom bargains struck by the various factions within the regime and so preserve the complex internal equilibria on which the regime rests.
	www.merip.org /mer/mer209/algelec.htm (2495 words)

	CNN.com - Algeria's president rejects vote-rigging claims - Feb. 22, 2004
		Bouteflika has boosted Algeria's image abroad and almost brought to an end a decade of violence ignited by the cancellation by army-backed authorities of legislative elections which an Islamic fundamentalist party was due to win in 1992.
		In his election pledge, Bouteflika said he would continue the drive for national reconciliation he initiated in 1999 with a referendum-backed amnesty for rebels who laid down their arms.
		Algeria was hit last year by an earthquake that killed 2,300 people and caused billions of dollars' worth of damage.
	cnn.com /2004/WORLD/africa/02/22/algeria.election.reut (601 words)

	Human Rights and Algeria's Presidential Elections
		Algeria's private newspapers have given these discoveries prominent coverage, describing them as sites where armed groups active in the region buried their victims.
		While Algeria did welcome last July-August a panel of "eminent persons" dispatched by Secretary-General Kofi Annan, that panel, by its own admission, had neither the mandate nor the means to conduct a human rights investigation.
		The presidential election of November 1995 took place with a token presence of supportive observers from the Arab League, the U.N. and the Organization of African Unity.
	www.algeria-watch.de /farticle/presid/hrw2.htm (3688 words)

	History of the Algerian Workers
		The autonomous Algeria was very powerful, with a fleet that ruled all the Mediterranean while European nations payed taxes to cross it – those who refused to recognize Algeria’s claim to the sea would have their ships captured and ransomed off.
		In 1830, the French invaded and successfully suppressed Algeria, capturing the capital port city of Algeirs and by 1834, Algeria was annexed as a colony of France.
		The elections were held amid allegations of fraud – six candidates with drew from the elections in protest.
	www.marxists.org /history/algeria (1524 words)

	Elections in Algeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An election is a process in which a vote is held to elect candidates to an office.
		Algeria elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.
		Algeria has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Algeria (427 words)

	ALGERIA: parliamentary elections Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani, 2002
		Elections were held for all seats in the National People's Assembly on the normal expiry of the members' term of office.
		These were the second legislative elections since 1991, when general elections were reportedly won by an Islamist party, but the results were cancelled by the army, resulting in a civil war in which an estimated 100,000 people have died to date.
		Another reason was that the elections had been boycotted by five of the main opposition parties and Berber activists.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2003_02.htm (459 words)

	The Consortium
		After recent elections, military-backed officials in both countries blocked the will of voters who had favored Islamic parties over parties that were both more secular and more corrupt.
		Algeria was suffering, too, from an economic downturn caused by a precipitous drop in oil and gas prices.
		It won a plurality in a national election and assumed the leading role in a coalition government that took office in Ankara in 1996.
	www.consortiumnews.com /1999/c041399a.html (760 words)

	:: MEDEA :: ALGERIA, Elections and Parliament
		The elections were characterised by unrest in the largely Berber-speaking Kabylie region and terrorist groups resumed their bomb attacks in the capital Algiers and neighbouring towns.
		The presidential elections of November 1995 were billed as the return of the practice of democracy and the start of the “rebuilding of the institutional edifice”.
		Elections were also intended for the consumption of the international community, offering it the deceptive image of “a democracy in the making”.
	www.medea.be /index.html?page=2&lang=en&doc=13 (1934 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Publications: Middle East and Northern Africa : Algeria
		In a briefing paper released today, Human Rights Watch condemned the fact that no foreign election monitors have been authorized to observe the elections and that foreign journalists are either denied visas or restricted in their movements while in the country.
		The government hoped that these elections would crown its efforts to assert its legitimacy at home and abroad, and remove the taint it incurred when the democratic process was interrupted in 1992.
		However, these elections cannot be seen as the capstone of the process of establishing democratic rule in Algeria, because of human rights issues that limit the significance of these elections as a free expression of the will of the Algerian people to choose those who would govern them.
	hrw.org /reports/world/algeria-pubs.php (1345 words)

	Timeline Algeria
		Khayr Ad-Din was a Barbary pirate and later, as admiral of the Ottoman fleet, he united Algeria and Tunisia as military states under the Ottoman caliphate in the 1530s.
		Dahoumane was arrested in Algeria In Oct, 2000.
		2001 Jun 18, In Algeria’s Kabyle region 3 police officers were killed and dozens injured in riots provoked by the April 18 death of a Berber teenager in a police station.
	timelines.ws /countries/ALGERIA.HTML (10423 words)

	Beyond the Presidential Elections in Algeria
		Zeroual knows that the senior political and military leaders of Algeria need him, particularly since he was not responsible for the armed response to the October 1988 riots, nor for the suspension of the January 1992 elections.
		Zeroual is not a charismatic speaker, nor is he fond of the trappings of power, His candidacy for the Nov. 16 elections was motivated largely by the honor and the confidence placed in him.
		The elections also were a constitutional way to save face for all of the political actors in the Algerian crisis by starting a new chapter.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/1295/9512019.html (788 words)

	The Rising Threat of Revolutionary Islam in Algeria
		Algeria's plunge into civil strife was precipitated by three intertwined crises -- economic, social, and political -- that undermined the legitimacy of the ruling National Liberation Front (FLN) regime.
		Algeria's population surged from 10 million in 1962 to its current level of 28.5 million (and continues to grow at the rapid rate of about 3 percent per year).
		Algeria's rush to elections gave the Islamists an advantage over other political movements that were not as organized or prepared.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Africa/BG1060.cfm (6970 words)

	CHARLES BRAY's Algeri Journal
		Algeria is a huge country, the second largest in Africa [only Sudan is bigger] and the 11th largest in the world.
		FIS won a massive victory in the first round of parliamentary elections in 1992, but the result was cancelled after the army took over and its supporters and sympathizers became the target of repression.
		In April 10th 2004, international observers in Algeria have endorsed the presidential election which was won by the incumbent, Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
	www.greatestcities.com /users/cbray5003/Africa/Algeria (4110 words)

	UNDP-POGAR: Programme on Governance in the Arab Region: Democratic Governance: Elections
		The country articles describe the electoral system, the rules and laws governing elections, the settlement of disputes arising from electoral contests, the laws governing parties and political associations, and a brief summary of the results of the most recent presidential and legislative elections.
		Under the rules of the basic winner-take-all system, elections are held in single-member districts and the candidate receiving the most votes, although not necessarily a majority, wins the contest.
		For example, a state with a bicameral parliament may choose a winner-take-all system for elections to the lower body and a variant of the proportional representation for elections to the upper body.
	www.undp-pogar.org /governance/elections.asp (673 words)

	Algeria's sham polls won't fix a thing, says opposition - smh.com.au
		Disdain for the elections held by the military-backed Government was widespread as riots broke out in the Berber Kabylie region, political parties boycotted the polls and an Islamic terrorist group carried out a savage attack in which 23 shepherds were burnt alive.
		When the FIS was set to win the second round of Algeria's first multi-party legislative elections in 1992, the military intervened to end its plans to form an Islamic republic, sparking 10 years of violence in which a conservative 100,000 civilians have died.
		"The Government is holding the elections to grant a semblance of democratic support to a moribund regime," said Said Saadi, head of the Rally for Culture and Democracy, one of the parties boycotting the polls.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/05/31/1022569836177.html (612 words)

	CNN.com - Ruling party wins Algeria election - May 31, 2002
		The elections have been overshadowed by killings and accusations of a rigged vote.
		The poll is the second legislative election since a bloody uprising flared after the cancellation of a parliamentary poll in 1992 in which radical Islamists had taken a commanding lead.
		Algeria is still grappling with a crisis triggered by the scrapping of the 1992 poll.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/05/31/algeria.elections/index.html?related (573 words)

	Algeria Political, Economic Environmental Information News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A.D., Algeria was conquered by the Vandals (430–31), the Byzantine Empire (6th cent.), and finally, in the late 7th and early 8th cent., by the Arabs, whose introduction of Islam profoundly altered the character of the area.
		France invaded Algeria in 1830 and declared it a colony in 1848.
		Presidential elections held in Apr., 1999, were won by Abdelaziz Bouteflika, the candidate of the military oligarchy; all the opposition candidates had withdrawn before the vote, claiming ballot-rigging.
	www.algerieonline.com /history.htm (573 words)

	ROAPE: Briefing - Elections in Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		On June 12 Algeria's first free elections since independence in 1962 were held, for the local and regional councils.
		According to official government figures, the FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) took control of 55 per cent of the 1, 500 local councils, with 54.3 per cent of the vote, and two thirds of the 48 regions (wilayat), with 57.4 per cent of the vote.
		The FLN (National Liberation Front), which has ruled Algeria as the single recognised political party since independence, retained control of only 32 per cent of the local councils and only 14 wilayat, with 28.1 per cent and 27.5 per cent respectively.
	www.roape.org /cgi-bin/roape/show/4906.html (132 words)

	Algeria Elections
		The election was marked by a low turnout, put by Zerhouni at 50.11 percent excluding northeastern Kabylie province, which was rocked by violence during Thursday's vote.
		The FFS, which had boycotted the legislative election in May, defied a call by Berber leaders to boycott the local vote, with the party's first secretary Ahmed Djeddai justifying the decision on the grounds that a boycott might leave Kabylie "in the hands of adventurers".
		That result marked the FLN's return to Algeria's political centre stage, with a three-fold increase in its representation in the national assembly since the previous elections, in 1997, when it won 64 seats.
	www.north-africa.com /DZelections.htm (747 words)

	Lebanonwire.com \| Three scenarios in Algeria's elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In all previous presidential elections in Algeria, since the advent of pluralism, it has been abundantly clear well in advance who the regime's "official" candidate was - in other words, which contender had been pre-selected by the powerful military elite.
		American officials, both civilian and military, are ever more openly appreciative of Algeria's cooperation in the global "war on terror." US military personnel are already understood to be coaching Algeria's Special Forces, and more direct collaboration in the field of counter-terrorism may be in the pipeline after the election.
		This may explain their reluctance to be seen to intervene overtly in the presidential election, but also Lamari's repeated warnings that, while the armed forces intend to be impartial with regard to all the contenders in the election, they expect all other branches of the administration to observe equally strict neutrality.
	www.lebanonwire.com /0404/04040314DS.asp (921 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Human Rights and Algeria's Presidential Elections (A Human Rights Watch Background Paper, April ...
		Algeria's private newspapers have given these discoveries prominent coverage, describing them as sites where armed groups active in the region buried their victims.
		Algeria continues to restrict entry to individuals and agencies whose objectives include monitoring human rights conditions.
		While Algeria did welcome last July-August a panel of "eminent persons" dispatched by Secretary-General Kofi Annan, that panel, by its own admission, had neither the mandate nor the means to conduct a human rights investigation.
	www.hrw.org /backgrounder/mena/algeria-election-0499.htm (3733 words)

	History Channel: Algeria elections ...
		Algeria is battling a 12-year Islamic insurgency in which more than 120,000 people are estimated to have died.
		More than 70 percent of Algeria's population is under 30 and many of them say they're too frustrated to vote.
		Elections are complicated - requiring a literal army to monitor and facilitate.
	boards.historychannel.com /thread.jspa?threadID=300010119 (620 words)

	INSURRECTION IN ALGERIA
		By the end of the first week of May, the insurgent movement began to organize itself in village and neighborhood assemblies (the aarch) that coordinate their activities through a system of apparently mandated and revocable delegates who would be bound to a very interesting “code of honor” a few months later.
		On October 11, the inter-wilayas coordination (of the aarch and other self-organized assemblies and committees) decided that they would no longer submit the demands of their Platform to any state representative, that the demands were absolutely non-negotiable and that anyone who chose to accept dialogue with the government would be banished from the movement.
		In the whole of Algeria, voter turnout was less than 50%, showing that the refusal of elections had spread beyond the borders of Kabylia.
	www.geocities.com /kk_abacus/ht/algeria.html (1843 words)

	International Crisis Group - Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Algeria's violent insurgency largely ended in 1999-2000, having claimed 100,000 lives over the previous seven years.
		However, even as Algeria returns to peace, there are tensions in the main Berber-speaking region, Kabylia, and, nation-wide, popular exasperation with officialdom is frequently expressed in localised rioting.
		Algeria's transition from North Africa’s most alarming crisis to one of the Arab world’s best hopes for political and economic development is only half-complete.
	www.crisisgroup.org /home/index.cfm?id=1274&l=1 (321 words)

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