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Topic: Elections in Angola

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	Angola Interesting Facts - Places - Things
		Angola is bordered by the Democratic Republic of Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, Namibia to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
		Cabinda is a small enclave to the north of Angola proper, surrounded by the territories of the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Congo.
		Angola has begun to enjoy the fruits of peace since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002.
	www.travel-island.com /interesting.places/angola.html (1102 words)

	Support the people of Angola - angolademocracy.com
		According to the official Angola news agency, ANGOP, of 12 December 2003, to the MPLA leader, all political parties are integrated in the new democratic regime and are indispensable in a competitive framework, which he termed as a sportive proof whereby "without adversaries there is no game".
		Source: Angola Press c) 8 Jan. 2004 the United Nations news agency IRINnews.org told about "the proposed national elections next year" d) 9 Feb 2004 the United Nations news agency IRINnews.org reported that "Angola's opposition has reacted with surprise to news reports that the government was considering delaying elections until 2006.
		Angola should also follow the promise of its Prime Minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos Nando and invite the United Nations and the international community to monitor and verify the elections the same way as being done now in DRCongo.
	www.angolademocracy.com (1066 words)

	Angola
		Angola was settled by Portuguese in the 15th century and remained a Portuguese colony until it received independence in 1975.
		The first European to reach Angola was the Portuguese explorer Diogo Cao, who landed at the mouth of the Congo River in 1483.
		In January 1975 a transitional Government was established, comprising representatives of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), and the Portuguese Government.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/countries/Angola.html (414 words)

	Human Security in Angola
		Surprisingly, closer examination of Angola revealed that while the country and populace ranked extremely low on many indicators (such as dislocation, maternal mortality, prevalence of landmines, and recurring food insecurity), there were also pervasive periods of optimism and strong indications of hope, even after more than a quarter century of war.
		The period of mobilization for an election, however, is fraught with potential for upheaval and instability, as numerous examples of election-associated civil unrest, violence, and oppression have shown.
		Vertical inequality in Angola is increasing, with the poorest 10% of the population suffering a 59% decrease in income between 1995 and 1998, while wealthy residents saw their assets increase by 44%.
	www.certi.org /publications/policy/Hum_Sec_Angola_FINAL.htm (13039 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Publications: Africa : Angola (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Angola returned to all-out war in December 1998, the fourth period of open warfare in living memory.
		Angola’s “forgotten war,” fueled by a steady supply of weapons to both sides, has claimed an estimated 100,000 civilian lives since the conflict resumed following the September 1992 elections.
		This report shows that attempts to restrict their use in Angola have failed and that anti-personnel landmines present a serious and chronic threat to civilians, far in excess of any short-term military advantage that may be gained.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/pubweb/Webcat-07.htm (1580 words)

	Angola (10/06)
		Angola is located on the South Atlantic Coast of West Africa between Namibia and the Republic of the Congo.
		Angola maintains an embassy in the United States at 2100-2108 16th St., NW, Washington, DC 20009 (tel.
		Angola is the second-largest trading partner of the United States in sub-Saharan Africa, largely because of its petroleum exports.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/6619.htm (5508 words)

	Angola 2000: Country Report
		The founders of several private media outlets pointed out that far from being untrained novices, they and many of their employees had worked in Angola's state media until the early 1990s, when the first independent newspapers and radio stations were permitted to launch (television remains a state monopoly to this day).
		Opposition protests are unlikely to reverse the election postponement, since the dozens of parties challenging the government are all tiny and ineffectual.
		As head of the Open Society Initiative's Angola office, he has been instrumental in exposing press freedom violations, particularly in the provinces, where journalists are often at the mercy of powerful local governors.
	www.cpj.org /attacks00/africa00/Angola.html (3597 words)

	Africast Global Africa Network- News
		The president said that he was awaiting a report from the newly-formed National Elections Commission on whether conditions were ripe for holding elections in Angola, which was also struggling with one of the world's worst landmines problem.
		Angola was riding an economic boom, driven by oil, although more than 70% of its 14 million people lived in grinding poverty.
		While Portugal remained Angola's top import partner, its economic ties with Luanda remained modest compared to the billion-dollar deals that the United States and China had struck in the oil sector.
	news.africast.com /africastv/article.php?newsID=58354 (424 words)

	US-Angola Chamber of Commerce - Chamber News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Angola has had political stability since its twenty-seven year old civil war came to an end in April 2002.
		(Angola’s last census was carried out in 1970 and the government plans to conduct another one in 2010.); and 3) the difficulty of internal communications with the country’s eighteen provinces because of the destruction of basic transportation infrastructure during the years of war.
		In addition, some indications suggest rural populations are afraid of elections because they associate them with war; conflict erupted after Angola’s last elections held in 1992.
	www.us-angola.org /chambernews.htm (849 words)

	'Angola not ready for elections'
		He emphasised that the Angolan elections should take place in a climate of peace, adding that "other conditions" included a number of adjustments to the country`s legal framework, including revision of the laws on political parties and party financing.
		Despite the widespread support for elections manifest during contacts with individuals and institutions, the US team leader said the ballot would ultimately "depend on the Angolan people's willingness" to ensure the right conditions.
		The first and only nationwide elections in Angola were held in 1992, during an interval in the ongoing civil war that has pitted the Luanda government against the Unita rebel movement for most of the period since independence from Portugal in 1975.
	www.news24.com /News24/Archive/0,,2-1659_1068871,00.html (337 words)

	IFES - Angola Project
		IFES’ previous mission to Angola was in mid-2003, and it assessed Angola’s progress toward the benchmarks set in the 2001 pre-election assessment report.
		Constitutional reform and the upcoming elections may provide Angolans with their first real opportunity in decades for sustained peace and a new era of democracy.
		Excerpts from this analysis were presented at a conference entitled "Angolan Elections: Lessons for the Future," which took place on July 23, 2003 in Angola.
	www.ifes.org /angola-project.html?projectid=angolaelections (607 words)

	InternationalReports.net : Angola 2001
		Cohen first traveled to Angola in April of 1987 and, over the next several years, returned often in order to work on a variety of issues affecting the southern Africa region.
		I think it would be very difficult to prepare an election, unless they wanted to hold the election only in those parts of Angola that are not currently subject to fighting.
		Angola’s production keeps going up, so I would say that the United States’ first concern is to make sure that Angola’s oil production continues to grow and continues to be secure.
	www.internationalreports.net /africa/angola/2001/aninterview.html (1757 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Angola's president to stand down
		Angola has been locked in almost continuous civil war since independence in 1975 and the economy of the once prosperous former Portuguese colony is in a shambles.
		In his speech he said that were it not for the crisis caused by Angola's ongoing civil war, he would have announced his resignation a long time ago.
		However, he emphasised the difficulties that need to be overcome before an election can be held, namely guaranteeing the free movement of people and goods throughout Angola, and the resettlement of people displaced by the war.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/world/africa/1505928.stm (608 words)

	[No title]
		It addressed the current state of affairs of the political opposition and the role it can and should play in the period of transition leading up to elections, as well as the meaning and the urgency of such elections for Angola.
		It might be rather difficult, during the electoral process for voters to separate the tares from the wheat, as the opposition parties end up confusing the electorate, abdicating their role of criticizing that society expect from them.
		The opposition, in an adequate forum, to define the necessary tasks pertaining to the holding of elections and to pressure for the State institutions and the society to implement them.
	www.wmd.org /documents/AngolaElectionsRecommendations.doc (922 words)

	Elections
		President dos Santos of the MPLA called for multi-party elections to be held in September 1992, and a United Nations (UN) peacekeeping force maintained order.
		Angola changed from a one-party Marxist-Leninist system ruled by the MPLA to a formal multiparty democracy following the 1992 elections.
		Presidents serve a five-year term, and the next elections were to be held in 1997.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~lrdasilv/Elections.html (414 words)

	Women, Peace and Security News: Angola
		September 6, 2006 - (Angola Press Agency) A campaign against violence in the family was launched on Tuesday, in Lubango, southern Huila Province, by the Family and Women Promotion Provincial Board, aimed at eradicating or reducing cases of domestic violence, which are increasing in the province.
		July 30, 2005 – (Angola Press Agency) Women participation in elections in Angola is an important factor, not only for representing 51 percent of the population, but for being the ones who control the informal market.
		December 2, 2002 – (Angola Press Agency) The provincial directorate of family and women promotion is developing, since the end of November, in the cities of Benguela and Lobito, a number of awareness seminars on gender violence in urban and suburban communities.
	www.peacewomen.org /news/Angola/news.html (2359 words)

	allAfrica.com: Angola: 'Rebuild Country On A Fairer Basis' (Page 1 of 2)
		He said Angola must not rush to hold elections this time, after what happened in 1992, when disputed elections were followed by a return to war.
		We must create the necessary mechanisms to place the elections within a larger framework, in a credible electoral process, so that whatever the result, whatever the outcome, everyone will acknowledge and agree that the process was free and fair.
		What we must put before the people of Angola is a plan, a political programme that is all-inclusive, for the whole of society, and takes into consideration not only the coastal areas, but also the interior.
	allafrica.com /stories/200206190580.html (927 words)

	InternationalReports.net : Angola 2001
		The government of Angola is interested in moving ahead with elections in 2002 or ‘03, but whether or not anything approaching the necessary conditions for a nationwide election will exist in time for such a vote is open to debate.
		The government of Angola has called attention to the fact that free and fair elections were held in 1992 when UNITA was far better armed than it is today and controlled up to seventy percent of the country.
		The President of the United Nations Security Council said on September 20 that: “The Security Council supports the intention of the Government of Angola to hold elections as a part of the ongoing democratisation process in Angola in conformity with the universally accepted democratic principles and standards.
	www.internationalreports.net /africa/angola/2001/president.html (303 words)

	IFEX :: ARTICLE 19 examines freedom of expression and access to information situation in light of upcoming elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But Angola's National Electoral Commission has said that the six-month-long campaign to register the country's voters for post-civil war elections will likely only begin in June or July, which would almost certainly delay the holding of the long-awaited polls until 2007.
		The government of Angola needs to make sure that opposition leaders and supporters be granted the opportunity to express their views peacefully without fear of reprisals.
		The private media in Angola are largely independent of party politics and are often critical of government, but the state controls the only daily newspaper and the only non-satellite television station.
	www.ifex.org /en/content/view/full/74722 (841 words)

	USAID Africa: Angola
		Angola’s low level of human development is at odds with its potential for economic prosperity, evident in the country's wealth of natural resources.
		Angola is continuing the transition toward national reconciliation and peace that was begun in earnest in 2002.
		Formerly an exporter of grains and other foods, Angola today imports about half of its food requirements, even though 65 percent or more of the work force is engaged in agriculture and Angola has rich natural resources to support a vibrant agriculture sector.
	www.usaid.gov /locations/sub-saharan_africa/countries/angola (904 words)

	CHARME TOURS - Angola
		Angola is situated in West Africa along the Atlantic Ocean, and Luanda is its capital.
		On its 4 th year of peace and with its second elections coming, Angola is a country of contrasts and unique opportunities.
		Angola has potential due to its rich history associated with its natural beauty in its 1650km of coast line, 4 hydrographical basins and 5 different types of nature zones.
	www.charmetours.com (364 words)

	Voter registration begins for long-awaited elections in Angola - iht,africa,Angola Elections - Africa & Middle ...
		LUANDA, Angola: Angolan President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, who has ruled this oil-rich nation since 1979, was the first person to register to vote Wednesday at the start of a campaign to prepare the Southwest African country for its first elections since 1992.
		Angola's long civil war broke out after the country's 1975 independence from Portugal and ended in 2002 when the army killed UNITA rebel leader Jonas Savimbi.
		Dos Santos beat Savimbi in the first round of a presidential election the same year but the rebel leader refused to accept defeat and returned to war before the second round could be held.
	www.iht.com /articles/ap/2006/11/15/africa/AF_GEN_Angola_Elections.php (629 words)

	Angolan President to Step Down - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dos Santos made his surprising statement as the date of the presidential elections were to be discussed.
		At this time, war-torn Angola nourished a realistic hope of ending its brutal civil war and the rebel UNITA participated in the election.
		The President said these difficulties were "guaranteeing the free movement of people and goods throughout Angola, and the resettlement of people displaced by the war." More than 1 million Angolans have been displaced only since 1998 and some 25 years of civil war have claimed more than 500,000 lives.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/sanction/angola/2001/0823dossantos.htm (613 words)

	SADOCC - News - ANGOLA: General elections announced for 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Angola's ruling MPLA party has presented its political agenda for the year 2004, placing emphasis on re-organisation and preparation for the electoral process and presenting a two-year period for the general elections to take place, accepting to discuss a consensual date.
		Opposition party UNITA has reacted with surprise after it had called for elections to be held in 2005.
		In the last general election of 1992, Angola's first multiparty contest since independence, the MPLA won 54 percent of the vote in the legislative elections and UNITA 34 percent.
	www.sadocc.at /news/2004-051.shtml (250 words)

	Angola: Peace Monitor, VII, 12
		It concluded "Members of the Council reiterate their support for the preparations under way for holding elections in 2002 in Angola and state that such actions by UNITA should not be allowed to stymie those efforts".
		The government has pointed out that elections were held in 1992 when UNITA was better armed and controlled more of the country, and also warns that such a long period without elections raises questions about legitimacy which can only be answered through the popular vote.
		The Council of the Angolan Republic stated that elections should be held only after the drafting of a new constitution; adopting a new electoral law; and stabilising violence to allow free movement of goods and people.
	www.africaaction.org /docs01/ang0109.htm (2898 words)

	NY Times: The Angola Mirror
		Angola held elections in 1992, and there's general agreement that they were held hurriedly &emdash; before rival armies could be tamed, before democratic institutions could be nurtured, before enough observers could be found &emdash; and so they solved nothing and perhaps made problems worse.
		As Afghanistan moves ahead, it's worth remembering that elections are not a panacea.
		The policy makers might visit Angola, where thousands of maimed children will be one of the longest-lasting legacies of our support for Mr.
	www.udel.edu /global/agenda/2002/readings/nytangola.html (705 words)

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