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Topic: Elections in Costa Rica

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	History of Costa Rica
		The small landowners' relative poverty, the lack of a large indigenous labor force, the population's ethnic and linguistic homogeneity, and Costa Rica's isolation from the Spanish colonial centers in Mexico and the Andes all contributed to the development of an autonomous and individualistic agrarian society.
		Costa Rica's northern Guanacaste Province was annexed from Nicaragua in one such regional dispute.
		Costa Rica gained election as president of the Group of 77 in the United Nations in 1995.
	www.historyofnations.net /northamerica/costarica.html (1054 words)

	Costa Rica (10/06)
		Costa Rica's major economic resources are its fertile land and frequent rainfall, its well-educated population, and its location in the Central American isthmus, which provides easy access to North and South American markets and direct ocean access to the European and Asian Continents.
		Costa Rica used to be known principally as a producer of bananas and coffee, but pineapples have surpassed coffee as the number two agricultural export.
		Costa Rica is an active participant in the negotiation of the hemispheric Free Trade Area of the Americas as well as a member of the Cairns Group, which is pursuing global agricultural trade liberalization within the World Trade Organization.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2019.htm (3272 words)

	Politics of Costa Rica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Costa Rica is a republic with a strong system of constitutional checks and balances.
		Costa Rica has avoided the violence that has plagued Central America; it is seen as an example of political stability in the region, and is referred to as the "Switzerland of the Americas".
		Costa Rica experienced several unusual days of demonstrations and civil disturbance in early 2000 due to protests over legislation that would have permitted private sector participation in the telecommunications and electrical power sectors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Costa_Rica (1360 words)

	LLRX -- A Guide to Legal Research in Costa Rica
		Since Costa Rica had no resources to exploit the Spaniards had little interest in the Colony and the first viable settlement was established in 1562 when Juan Vasquez de Coronado founded the city of Cartago.
		Costa Rica is governed by the Constitution of 1949 (Constitución Politica de la República de Costa Rica).
		Costa Rica is a civil law system and as such is heavily influenced by the French (Napoleonic Code) system and the Spanish civil law system which established written codification of its laws which are referred to as Codes.
	www.llrx.com /features/costarica.htm (2025 words)

	Costa Rica, Conservation
		In Costa Rica the remaining tropical forest is disappearing by at least 520 square kilometers a year, and less than 1.5 million hectares of primal forest remain (about 20% of its original habitat).
		Costa Rica then paid off the National Parks Foundation with bonds in the local currency, with the agreement that the money would be used on conservation projects.
		Besides providing Costa Ricans and foreign travelers with the privilege of admiring and studying the wonders of nature, the national parks and reserves protect the soil and watersheds and harbor an estimated 75% of all Costa Rica's species of flora and fauna, including species that have all but disappeared in neighboring countries.
	www.photo.net /cr/moon/conservation.html (3810 words)

	Costa Rica Government \| Politics and Political Views
		Costa Rica politics is treated as an epitome of political stability for Central America that is faced with a lot of violence and instability.
		The elections of Costa Rica are performed under the guidance of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal that is an independent body comprising of 3 main magistrates and the Supreme Court of Justice delegates 6 more alternates to the group.
		According to the Costa Rica politics the constitutionality of the executive and legislation judgment and al that the writ defines are examined and analyzed by the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court.
	politics.incostaricaguide.com (1158 words)

	Elections: Latin American Studies: Collections: SSHL
		Costa Rica 1998-1999: "Each canton (the administrative subdivision of a province) has a municipal council, made up of at least five aldermen, who are elected at general elections by local residents to four-year terms.
		McDonald 1989: "Throughout most of the nineteenth century, Costa Rican politics was dominated by a coffee-planter elite...During the rule of the coffee oligarchy, the liberal, secular consensus among the elite and the small size of the eligible literate electorate (10 percent of adults) made political parties unnecessary.
		Yashar 1995: "Costa Rica is the only country in Central and South America that has sustained a stable liberal democracy and a competitive party system in the post-World War II period.
	sshl.ucsd.edu /collections/las/costarica/general.html (5924 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Americas \| Costa Rica faces election recount
		Costa Ricans may have to wait for two weeks for presidential election results to be declared, with the two leading candidates virtually neck-and-neck.
		The election comes amid wide disillusionment with politics after a string of corruption scandals in Costa Rica.
		Costa Rica is the only country in the region which has not ratified the deal which is set to come into effect later this year.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/americas/4683388.stm (525 words)

	Costa Rica, Government
		Costa Rica is a democratic republic, as defined by the 1949 Constitution, which guarantees all citizens and foreigners equality before the law, the right to own property, the right of petition and assembly, freedom of speech, and the right to habeas corpus.
		Costa Rica's national elections, held every four years, always on the first Sunday of February, reaffirm the pride Ticos feel for their democratic system.
		Costa Rican citizens enjoy universal suffrage--everyone, male and female, over 18 has the vote--and citizens are automatically registered to vote on their 18th birthday, when they are issued a voter identity card.
	www.photo.net /cr/moon/government (1528 words)

	Elections: Latin American Studies: Collections: SSHL
		Winson 1988: "The substantial majority won by Figueres in the 1953 elections showed that support for him and the PLN was particularly strong among the rural population of the 'meseta central,' and considerably weaker among the banana workers on both coasts.
		Seligson 1987: "In 1980 Costa Rica suffered a $661-million deficit in the balance of payments, and all signs indicate that the problem is growing worse...Added to the economic problems facing Costa Rica is the atmosphere of crisis that runs throughout Central America.
		Wilson 1998: "The PLN's 1982 landslide election victory...came during the lowest point of the country's worst economic crisis since the Great Depression...(L)arge numbers of traditionally non-PLN supporters voted for the PLN in 1982 in hopes that the party could end the economic crisis and restore their pre-1980 standard of living" (page 115).
	sshl.ucsd.edu /collections/las/costarica/1948.html (7098 words)

	Costa Rica election another blow to US trade pact
		Costa Rica’s electoral board began a recount on Tuesday of the vote from the weekend, which ended with a near dead heat despite opinion polls showing free trade advocate Oscar Arias would win easily.
		Costa Rica is the only signatory not to ratify the pact, a spearhead of Washington’s influence in Latin America where leftist leaders have increasingly challenged U.S. policies.
		Costa Rican candidate Solis, a centrist, supports the accord in general but wants to renegotiate clauses that many Costa Ricans fear put the small nation at a disadvantage against subsidized U.S. agriculture imports and giants of U.S. industry.
	www.bilaterals.org /article.php3?id_article=3754 (764 words)

	Costa Rica’s Elections: Not the Cleanest Game Around
		Costa Rica has the best telephone coverage rate for Central America with 95% of the population having access to services, and is second in Latin America only to Chile in terms of internet penetration.
		Arias’ candidacy was facilitated by the Costa Rican Constitutional Court’s 2003 annulment of a 1969 law which barred presidential reelection, a controversial decision which allowed the popular former president to stand in the 2006 race as he had been out of office for the requisite period of two terms.
		In the 2002 election Solís was able to parlay his outsider status into a fairly impressive 26% showing, and has managed to somewhat build on that platform, as he is currently polling at 31.5%.
	www.williambowles.info /americas/coha_costa_rica_election.html (2144 words)

	USATODAY.com - Nobel laureate leads tight Costa Rican presidential race (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (AP) — A Nobel Peace Prize winner and former president who supports a free trade pact with the United States held an extremely narrow lead over an unexpectedly strong rival in Costa Rica's presidential elections Sunday.
		Costa Ricans traditionally have treated presidential elections as a national holiday, and the country has had the region's highest voter turnout.
		Costa Ricans were also choosing all 57 members of congress, two vice presidents and dozens of city councilors.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2006-02-06-costa-rica-elections_x.htm (693 words)

	History guide for Costa Rica by Hostelbookers
		Until 1994, elections in Costa Rica had been relatively genteel affairs, involving lots of flag-waving and displays of national pride in democratic traditions.
		The elections of that year, however, were probably the dirtiest to date.
		Costa Rica's economy received a further shot in the arm in 1996 when the communications giant INTEL chose the country for the site of their new factory in Latin America, creating thousands of jobs.
	www.hostelbookers.com /guides/central_america/costa_rica/86673 (375 words)

	CNN.com - Texas oil a slippery issue in Costa Rica vote - February 5, 2002
		Costa Rica's Caribbean coast is a migratory pathway for at least three endangered species of sea turtles.
		Tourism, Costa Rica's main source of earnings from other countries, could feel the impact as well.
		The industry is based mainly on the attraction of national parks and wildlife refuges and a coastal oil spill could have a disastrous effect.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/TECH/science/02/01/costa.rica.oil (329 words)

	Inside Costa Rica - National News
		In the legislative elections, held simultaneously, the PLN took 25 seats in Congress, PAC won 18, six went to the Movimiento Libertario (ML), four went to the governing Partiod Unidad Social Cristiana(PUSC), and four went to small independent parties.
		In any event, whoever becomes Costa Rica's next president will have been elected with the least public support in the country's history, since he will have been put in office by just slightly over 25 percent of eligible voters.
		Albino Vargas, secretary-general of the National Association of Public Employees, Costa Rica's largest trade union, said that attempting to ratify CAFTA before the change in government would threaten social upheaval in this Central American nation, given that this is an issue that has clearly polarised Costa Rican society.
	insidecostarica.com /dailynews/2006/february/14/nac01.htm (674 words)

	Welcome to A.M. Costa Rica
		Unlike the United States where electioneering is prohibited some distance from the polling places, the tradition here is for each party to put an informational table or a tent just outside the school where voters go.
		Elections Sunday in Costa Rica were marked by peace and tranquility, not only in the official description but in fact.
		The Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, the fourth branch of Costa Rican government that is in charge of voting, officially verified the impressions gained in a quick tour of the Pacific.
	www.amcostarica.com /020402.htm (2381 words)

	The Reaction -- by Michael J.W. Stickings: Chaos in Costa Rica
		Actually, Costa Rica's presidential election -- the BBC has the story here -- proceeded peacefully "amid wide disillusionment with politics after a string of corruption scandals".
		Before this elections, in Costa Rica we had 2 big political parties (one is from Arias -PLN- and the other one is the one of the biggest political scandals)...
		If Costa Rica even has a "left" it is the PLN, Arias's party, which is usually considered social democratic and was the architect of the country's considerable social-welfare state.
	the-reaction.blogspot.com /2006/02/chaos-in-costa-rica.html (517 words)

	americas.org - Costa Rica's Politics of Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Although democracy is considered to have been launched in Costa Rica with the 1899 elections, the contemporary political system was established after the 1948 uprising led by Don José “Pepe” Figueres aimed at protesting a disputed presidential election.
		While the 44-day civil war, in which 2,000 people were killed, was the bloodiest event in 20th century Costa Rican history, it led to the establishment of a more representative government based on a constitution drafted in 1949.
		According to a poll conducted in April, 2005, the greatest national problem in Costa Rica was considered to be the high cost of living, coupled with inadequate income to cover basic necessities.
	www.americas.org /item_25638 (1780 words)

	Costa Rica News
		Costa Rica's new president will only be known at the end of February because the hand counting of ballots is estimated to take another three weeks, announced...
		Costa Rica has historically suffered damage from earthquakes, particularly that of May 4, 1910 in the Central Valley.
		Costa Rica has led the region in renewable energy, with 90 percent of its electricity from hydroelectric, geothermal and wind-powered generators, according to...
	www.realcosta.com /news/archive_02.htm (2065 words)

	COSTA RICA: parliamentary elections Asamblea Legislativa, 2002
		Elections were held for all seats in Parliament on the normal expiry of the members' term of office.
		More than 2.3 million Costa Ricans were registered to go to the polls on 2 February 2002 to elect the President, two Vice-Presidents, 57 legislators and 81 heads of local government.
		In the elections to the 57-seat Legislative Assembly, the ruling PUSC secured 19 seats, a net loss of eight seats, whereas the PLN suffered a net loss of six seats, winning 17.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2073_02.htm (515 words)

	Costa Rica's Daily News Magazine!
		Costa Rica's president, Abel Pacheco, believes that legislative bodies in the United States and Central American nations will approve the free trade agreement within the year.
		Courtney Twiss, Costa Rica project leader, said it is difficult to hold a large-scale event on campus because SIFE is looking for children's books in Spanish only.
		Since Chico State's SIFE chapter is creating a marketing plan for the Costa Rica project and teaching them how to organize their efforts as a business, the project fits the national SIFE criteria, said Mollie Perlman, former Chico State SIFE chief executive officer.
	insidecostarica.com /dailynews/2004/march/24 (2121 words)

	Costa Rican presidential election, 2006 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Costa Rica held a presidential election on 5 February 2006.
		The presidential election was held concurrently with elections to the Legislative Assembly, the country's 57-member unicameral national legislature.
		Election laws in Costa Rica dictate, among other things, that a candidate requires 40% of the votes to avoid a second round of voting for election of the President.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Costa_Rica_presidential_elections,_2006 (1744 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| WORLD > Arias leads in Costa Rica elections
		SAN JOSE, Costa Rica: A Nobel Peace Prize winner and former president who supports a free-trade agreement with the United States was leading Costa Rica’s presidential elections Sunday, and may garner enough votes to avoid a runoff election, according to preliminary results.
		Twelve other candidates also were vying for the presidency in an election that officials said could have one of the lowest turnouts in Costa Rican history.
		Wearing National Liberation’s colors—green and white—and waving Costa Rican flags, a boisterous group of Arias’ supporters gathered at a San Jose hotel, where the candidate was expected to wait for the results.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2006/feb/07/yehey/world/20060207wor5.html (327 words)

	A.M. Costa Rica
		The tight presidential elections got even tighter this afternoon as the Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones said the gap between the two leading candidates was a mere two-tenths of a percent, some 3,250 votes.
		Superbowl Sunday happens to fall on election day in Costa Rica and, as a result, owners were trying to cut their losses.
		Election officials made a special effort to bring the ballots to the 33 adult voters on the island.
	www.amcostarica.com /020606.htm (3751 words)

	In Costa Rica, Election Carries Investors' Hopes for a Boon
		Costa Rica's neighbors also have much to gain if the election result sparks interest among foreign investors, analysts said.
		The $20 million closed-end fund, which is based in San Jose, Costa Rica, is backed by private investors in Central and North America.
		To date, investors in the $2.2 million Fundo Costa Rica, the only public fund to concentrate on Costa Rican equities, have been similarly frustrated by the lack of investment opportunities.
	www.iht.com /articles/1998/01/31/mcosta.t.php (771 words)

	International IDEA \| Costa Rica elections 5 February: IDEA provides background
		Costa Rica will hold presidential and parliamentary elections on 5 February.
		Nobel Peace Prize winner and Costa Rica's former president from 1986-1990, Oscar Arias, from the National Liberation Party leads the public opinion surveys and is expected to return to power in the February elections.
		A table on the use of gender quotas in Costa Rican political parties and election law.
	www.idea.int /elections/backrounder_costa_rica.cfm (311 words)

	Deadlock follows presidential elections in Costa Rica (1st Update) - Americas
		Costa Rica's presidential candidate Otton Solis (C), of the Citizen Action Party, with his wife Shirley Sanchez (R) during the election night meeting on early Monday 06 February 2006 in San Jose, Costa Rica.
		Solis' rival former president Oscar Arias has a 0.7 point advantage after the count of 75 percent of the vote in presidential elections held on Sunday.
		San Jose - Presidential elections in Costa Rica ended late Sunday almost in deadlock with Nobel Laureate Oscar Arias winning only about 9,000 votes more than his rival, the economist Otton Solis, by latest vote-tallies early Monday.
	news.monstersandcritics.com /americas/news/article_1095168.php (353 words)

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