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Topic: Elections in Eritrea

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Isaias Afewerki

	Elections in Eritrea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The regional elections began on 4 January 1997 in some parts of the country and were completed in others by 1 march 1997.
		Eritrean National elections were set for 1997 and then postponed until 2001, it was then decided that because 20% of Eritrea's land was under occupation that elections would be postponed until the resolution of the conflict with Ethiopia.
		Elections in: Algeria • Angola • Benin • Botswana • Burkina Faso • Burundi • Cameroon • Cape Verde • Central African Republic • Chad • Comoros • Democratic Republic of the Congo • Republic of the Congo • Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) • Djibouti • Egypt • Equatorial Guinea •
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Eritrea (491 words)

	Eritrea—Hope For Africa’s Future
		Eritrea, the way it is on today’s maps, was created at the end of the 19th century as a territorial-administrative unit by Italian colonialists.
		From 1890-1941, Eritrea was an Italian colony, and from 1941-52 it was a British colony.
		Eritrea, a land with a mild climate, was to be a settlement for unemployed southern Italians.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/33/038.html (2840 words)

	Politics of Eritrea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Politics of Eritrea takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Eritrea is both head of state and head of government and a single-party state, led by the People's Front for Democracy and Justice.
		Eritrea is divided into 6 regions (or zobas) and subdivided into approximately 55 districts or sub-zobas.
		Central to the continuation of the stalemate is Ethiopia's failure to abide by the border delimitation ruling and reneging on its commitment to demarcation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Eritrea (1540 words)

	Eritrea. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It is bordered on the northeast by the Red Sea, on the southeast by Djibouti, on the south by Ethiopia, and on the northwest by Sudan.
		Eritrea also includes the many islands of the Dahlak Archipelago, which is located in the Red Sea.
		Eritrea’s largely agricultural economy was devastated by its 30-year-long indepedence war with Ethiopia and hurt again by the strain of the 1998–2000 border war.
	www.bartleby.com /65/er/Eritrea.html (1153 words)

	Ethiopia and Eritrea: allergic to persuasion
		Eritrea took the news altogether more coolly, putting out a statement attacking the “flowery and bombastic statements” that were issued by Ethiopia and declaring simply “it is the Eritrean people who have emerged victorious.” In the event they were right.
		Eritrea deemed these “secondary issues” — compared to the primary issue of compelling Ethiopia to accept the boundary decision — and was unimpressed by a Security Council warning that UNMEE would be reduced in size and scope unless the restrictions were lifted.
		Eritrea’s use of at least two brigades, supported by tanks and artillery was a disproportionate response and therefore violated the UN Charter.
	www.ethiomedia.com /articles/allergic_to_persuasion.html (6995 words)

	[No title]
		Eritrea is a one-party state that became independent in 1993, following an internationally monitored referendum in which citizens voted overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia.
		Elections, which were first postponed 1997, were postponed again in December 2001.
		Government officials stated that the elections were delayed because of continuing tensions with Ethiopia and problems caused by dissidents and the press.
	www.lycos.com /info/eritrea.html (643 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Eritrea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Eritrea's largely agricultural economy was devastated by its 30-year-long indepedence war with Ethiopia and hurt again by the strain of the 1998-2000 border war.
		In November the United Nations called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to reduce their forces along the border and for Eritrea to end restrictions on UN forces, and expressed concern over Ethiopia's failure to finalize the border; UN sanctions were threatened for noncompliance.
		Eritrea rejected the ultimatum and in Dec., 2005, forced those UN forces from the United States, Canada, Europe, and Russia to withdraw.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/E/Eritrea.asp (1366 words)

	Eritrea (10/06)
		Eritrea is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the northeast and east by the Red Sea, on the west and northwest by Sudan, on the south by Ethiopia, and on the southeast by Djibouti.
		Eritrea lost many valuable economic assets in particular during the last round of fighting in May-June 2000, when a significant portion of its territory in the agriculturally important west and south was occupied by Ethiopia.
		Eritrea currently suffers from large structural fiscal deficits caused by high levels of spending on defense and on emergency reconstruction and humanitarian programs, which have resulted in the stock of debt rising to unsustainable levels.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2854.htm (3760 words)

	UNFPA at Work in Eritrea
		Eritrea is one of Africa’s newest countries and one of the poorest.
		Eritrea is a poor country but one that works reasonably well.
		Eritrea’s population has been estimated at about 3.6 million, but no one will know for certain until a national census has been carried out.
	www.unfpa.org /intercenter/unfpa/eritrea.htm (374 words)

	Eritrea History \| iExplore.com
		Eritrea then became one of the six provinces of Italian East Africa, until the Italians were expelled by the British in 1941.
		Eritrea came off the worst from the fighting and the war also had serious consequences for its people, hundreds of thousands of whom were displaced and became reliant on emergency humanitarian aid.
		Eritrea has been granted admission to the ACP group of Third World countries, which receive preferential access to certain European Union markets, and it is now a member of the International Monetary Fund.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Eritrea/History (1069 words)

	Eri24
		"If they [elections] go ahead, they are unlikely to be viewed as legitimate by the international community as a result of the crackdown on opponents of the regime in October," the EIU said in its latest country report on Eritrea.
		The elections would be the first in Eritrea following its independence from Ethiopia in 1993 and would usher in a new parliament, which in turn would elect a president.
		Although there has been no official statement regarding a postponement of the elections, Eritrea's deputy ambassador in Nairobi Temedhin Temariam told IRIN the current situation was not conducive for such a poll, neither were the appropriate institutions in place.
	eri24.com /news179.htm (545 words)

	The Forthcoming Ethiopian Elections
		Given the secession of Eritrea and having a constitution that allows the break-up of the country, Ethiopians’ deep concern and fears about the future of the country are not unwarranted.
		And the election scheduled to take place in May of this year provides a real opportunity for the people to express their will how they should be governed for the next five years provided that the election is free and fair.
		First, the people are well aware of the significance of the upcoming election than the previous elections; they are energized and galvanized to exercise their right and to control their own destiny; they are expected to stand firm to defend their rights in the event that rigging of the election occurs; this is encouraging.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2005/04/29-04-05/forthcoming_ethiopian_elections.htm (1563 words)

	History of Eritrea
		Eritrea was placed under British military administration after the Italian surrender in World War II.
		In 1988, the EPLF captured Afabet, headquarters of the Ethiopian Army in northeastern Eritrea, prompting the Ethiopian Army to withdraw from its garrisons in Eritrea's western lowlands.
		In May 1991, the EPLF established the Provisional Government of Eritrea (PGE) to administer Eritrean affairs until a referendum could be held on independence and a permanent government established.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/eritrea.html (938 words)

	Embassy of Ethiopia, Washington, DC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		On 22 September 2003, Eritrea issued a communiqué regarding the Eritrea-Ethiopia boundary dispute that is replete with distortions and misstatements.
		Eritrea has flatly refused to resolve these remaining disputes because it wishes to preserve the boundary dispute as a weapon to suppress internal dissent and to justify continuing its aggressive policies toward Ethiopia.
		The communiqué demonstrates Eritrea’s callous indifference to the residents of the communities, both Ethiopian and Eritrean, that would be torn apart by a strict superimposition of the provisional line.
	www.ethiopianembassy.org /pr092903.shtml (1448 words)

	The Triple Transition in Eritrea
		Elections were influenced, opponents of Ethiopian rule harassed and imprisoned, Amharic was substituted in the place of native languages, and important symbols such as the Eritrean flag were replaced with their Ethiopian counterparts.
		In post-conflict Eritrea all are requested to accede to the socio-cultural and economic development policies of the government, whose programmes are indelibly stamped by decisions made in times of war and projects implemented in the liberated areas.
		In the Eritrea Profile of 13th September 1997, Isaias questioned the construct that enables the fiction of good governance in the context of African states’ “incorrigibly corrupt political elite.” The GoE position is clear: democracy has to evolve, not be imposed from without on existing structures; western forms are not to be adopted uncritically.
	departments.oxy.edu /dwa/344/tripletransition.html (13217 words)

	RaceandHistory.com - Crisis in Eritrea
		Eritrea became an important center for British and American operations in the region during the war.
		The EPLF captured Afabet, headquarters of the Ethiopian army on the north- eastern front in Eritrea.
		The National Assembly, the highest legal body, set the goals to be accomplished within a four year period: the drafting of a democratic constitution which guarantees the basic rights of all citizens and political pluralism.
	www.raceandhistory.com /worldhotspots/eritrea.htm (1040 words)

	[No title]
		Eritrea - Hope For Africa's Future The struggle of the Eritrean people against the annexation of Eritrea by Ethiopia more than 30 years ago developed into a liberation movement which defeated the strongest army in Africa, an army which was first supplied by U.S. imperialism and later by the Soviet Union.
		A Short History Of Eritrea Eritrea, in its precolonial form, was neither an independent state nor part of the Ethiopian empire.
		Eritrea's Future There are good signs that Eritrea could be a "model for Africa".
	www.etext.org /Politics/Arm.The.Spirit/Guerrilla/Africa/eritrea (2849 words)

	• UNIFEM - A Portal on Women, Peace & Security •
		In most countries, elections are planned a few years after the signing of a peace agreement to give citizens a chance to choose the leaders that will take them into the next phase of reconstruction.
		Post-conflict elections can be an opportunity for women to express newly found political impact or it can be a time where advances made during conflict and post-conflict periods can be stripped away.
		As a consequence, the “success” of an election may be judged not so much on the basis of the criteria, which normally apply in democratic countries, but on the extent to which it has contributed to the political process of ending conflict.
	www.womenwarpeace.org /issues/elections/election.htm (4534 words)

	SudanTribune article : Ethiopia says kills 32 Eritrea-trained raiders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Eritrea and Ethiopia fought a 1998-2000 border war that killed 70,000.
		An independent commission awarded Eritrea a disputed border town, but Ethiopia has only accepted the ruling in principle and the frontier has yet to be demarcated.
		Ethiopia was blaming Eritrea in an attempt to divert attention away from its actions, Abdu said.
	www.sudantribune.com /article_impr.php3?id_article=9209 (389 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Africa - ERITREA
		The mandate of the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), created under the 2000 Algiers Agreement which ended the war with Ethiopia, was extended to March 2002.
		Eritrea continued to support political and armed opposition groups in Ethiopia, and Ethiopia continued to support such groups in Eritrea.
		Dozens of Eritrean officials of the former Ethiopian government in Eritrea were believed to be still serving prison sentences, imposed after unfair trials, for human rights abuses.
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/afr/eritrea!Open (924 words)

	Human Rights Watch World Report 2001: Ethiopia - Human Rights Developments
		The war with Eritrea further fueled the ongoing low-level armed insurgencies in Ogaden region and in the state of Oromia.
		Independent journalists and NGO workers who interviewed Ethiopian prisoners of war in Eritrea said many were under the age of eighteen, and reported testimonies that tended to corroborate charges of coercive recruitment and poor training.
		Responding to incidents of irregularities and violence, the election board nullified election results in sixteen districts in the southern region and organized fresh elections a month later.
	www.hrw.org /wr2k1/africa/ethiopia.html (1281 words)

	The World Factbook -- Eritrea
		Eritrea was awarded to Ethiopia in 1952 as part of a federation.
		Ethiopia's annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating governmental forces; independence was overwhelmingly approved in a 1993 referendum.
		Eritrea currently hosts a UN peacekeeping operation that is monitoring a 25 km-wide Temporary Security Zone on the border with Ethiopia.
	eritrea.noggle.com (1167 words)

	FWB, October 1992
		Multi-party elections will be held only after the 1993 referendum and the formation of a constituent assembly and independent judiciary.
		Apparently, the Provisional Government of Eritrea is concerned that the policy of the EPRDF in neighboring Ethiopia, which supports ethnic self-determination (at least in rhetoric), might have repercussions in Eritrea, provoking ethnic minorities there also to raise the question of self-determination.
		Eritrean leaders are concerned that the ongoing political turmoil and inter-ethnic conflict in Ethiopia might spill over into Eritrea, especially in that region inhabited by the Afars who straddle the borders of Eritrea, Djibouti, and Ethiopia and want their own unified state.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /public/fwc/Issue3/eritrea-2.html (775 words)

	Afrol Eritrea Index Page: Links to Eritrea
		Eritrea Economic Development and Indicators is an annual NewAfrica country profile on their pages about African economy.
		Elections in Eritrea is a document realized by the website Elections around the world.
		On their Eritrea Page you'll find country background information and facts (overviews) for the traveler (money and costs, when to go, attractions, activities, getting there, getting around, etc.), if there's not a travel warning.
	www.afrol.com /Index/countries/eritreaindex.htm (2024 words)

	Gumii: News
		NOTHING crosses the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea, a 1,000km stretch of rocky mountains and desert plains that sparked a bloody war in 1998 and which is now patrolled by over 4,000 UN troops.
		Eritrea's elections unlikely to be held as planned
		NAIROBI, 19 December: Eritrean parliamentary elections planned for this month are unlikely to go ahead as various essential factors are not yet in place, regional analysts and government officials said on Wednesday [19 December].
	www.gumii.org /NDec1_01.shtml (1104 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Eritrea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Eritrea was awarded to Ethiopia in 1952 as part of a federation.
		Eritrea currently hosts a UN peacekeeping operation that is monitoring a 25 km-wide Temporary Security Zone on the border with Ethiopia.
		Eritrea's economic future depends upon its ability to master social problems such as illiteracy, unemployment, and low skills, as well as the willingness to open its economy to private enterprise so that the diaspora's money and expertise can foster economic growth.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/print/er.html (1142 words)

	The Honolulu Advertiser \| Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		He had been working with electronic computers almost since their inception and knew that the "voting community," as he calls election computers, was well behind technology’s curve.
		Eritrea fought Ethiopia and its communist-backed forces for 30 years for independence and the right to vote.
		Elections in Eritrea are not contests completed on the fly.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /2000/Dec/10/1210opinion18.html (912 words)

	Eritrea
		Ethiopia's annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating governmental forces; independence was overwhelmingly approved in a 1993 referendum.
		Eritrea currently hosts a UN peacekeeping operation that will monitor the border region until an international commission determines and demarcates the boundary between the two countries.
		Eritrea's economic future depends upon its ability to master fundamental social problems like illiteracy, unemployment, and low skills, and to convert the diaspora's money and expertise into economic growth.
	eritrea.net /eritrea.htm (1239 words)

	CPJ News Alert 2006
		With 15 journalists in prison or otherwise deprived of their liberty, Eritrea is also the fourth leading jailer of journalists in the world after China, Cuba and Ethiopia.
		Most of the journalists were jailed in a crackdown in which the government swept up opposition leaders and shut down the entire private press.
		At the time, Eritrean officials variously accused the journalists of avoiding the military draft, threatening national security, and failing to observe licensing requirements, but CPJ research indicates that they were targeted as part of a drive to suppress political dissent ahead of scheduled elections, which the government subsequently canceled without explanation.
	www.cpj.org /news/2006/africa/eritrea15sept06na.html (570 words)

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