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Topic: Elections in Indonesia

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	Indonesia's parliamentary elections. - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Indonesia is the giant of Southeast Asia, with almost 200 million people and an area approaching four times that of France.
		According to the National Election Institute, Golkar captured 325 of 425 seats in the House of Representatives(DPR) and at least a seat in all of the far-flung country's 27 provinces.
		Elections for 425 of the DPR's members are held every five years, with the remaining 75 seats reserved for presidential appointees from the armed forces.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-20236225.html (2938 words)

	UNDP - Elections 2004 Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The General Elections held in 1999 in Indonesia were the most democratic and transparent of all elections conducted in the country up until that time, with voter turnout totalling close to 86% of the electorate.
		A key principle of the programme strategy has been the recognition that the conduct of the elections is within the domain of the internal affairs of the Republic of Indonesia: the Elections 2004 were run by the newly established independent electoral commissions at the national (KPU) and sub-national levels (KPUDs).
		Providing technical support to the national and sub-national election commissions to assist in the management and implementation of the elections, as well as to help the establishment of internal processes and procedures that are sustainable, effective and efficient.
	www.undp.or.id /elections2004 (788 words)

	Elections in Indonesia: Already a Success
		Indonesia and Indonesians have made remarkable strides in democratizing their government and society, and the outcome of the election is less important than the success of the process.
		Indonesia is peacefully transitioning to the world’s third largest democracy, and the U.S. Congress should reconsider its sanction-oriented policies toward Indonesia.
		During the 1999 elections, the police and military, associated with Suharto-era repression, were reluctant to approach campaign rallies for fear of inciting riots.
	www.heritage.org /Research/AsiaandthePacific/wm469.cfm?renderforprint=1 (545 words)

	Politics of Indonesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The president heads the United Indonesia Cabinet (Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu) The President of Indonesia is directly-elected for five-year terms, and is the head of state, commander-in-chief of Indonesian armed forces and responsible for domestic governance and policy-making and foreign affairs.
		Following elections in 2004, the MPR became a bicameral parliament, with the creation of the DPD as its second chamber in an effort to increase regional representation.
		Indonesia is a founding member of the Association of South East Asian Nations, and thereby a member of both ASEAN+3 and the East Asia Summit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia (1129 words)

	INDONESIA: Local Elections - Council on Foreign Relations
		Indonesia held its first direct elections for president and parliament in 2004, and experts say this year's local elections could cement the establishment of democracy in the country.
		Elections for local leaders in small villages and districts, where everyone knows each other, will hinge on "real personality politics," Hadler says, and the quality of the candidates will likely matter more than the party they belong to.
		Indonesia's two most powerful political parties are secular, although Islamic parties have seen strong gains in the last few years.
	www.cfr.org /publication/8247/indonesia.html?breadcrumb=default (1795 words)

	CNN - Indonesian Elections - Turbulent Indonesia struggles toward democracy - June 1999
		Today Indonesia is nearly 90 percent Muslim, but the people practice distinctly Indonesian forms of Islam, often blended with local animistic beliefs and reinterpreted in a myriad of ways.
		Indonesia is also one of the world's most biologically diverse regions.
		Indonesia declared its independence from the Dutch in 1945 under the leftist leadership of Sukarno.
	edition.cnn.com /SPECIALS/1999/indonesian.elections/overview (1512 words)

	Indonesia - Elections
		In the 1982 elections, Golkar won 64.3 percent of the total vote cast, trailed by the PPP's 27.8 percent and the PDI's 7.9 percent.
		Analysis of the election returns showed that many of the former Nahdatul Ulama votes for the PPP went to Golkar in a demonstration of both Nahdatul Ulama's ability to deliver its constituents and a guarantee of continued government favor to Nahdatul Ulama's institutions and programs.
		The election was "routine" because the earlier polarizing issues of Pancasila democracy had already been firmly resolved to the government's advantage.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/91.htm (1167 words)

	Indonesia in Transition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Unlike past elections in Indonesia that featured a dominant government party and a couple of weak, government-approved opponents, twenty-four parties will be competing for votes, many of them newly formed since the last election.
		Indonesia's experience illustrates how difficult it is to improve governance in a country with a long history of authoritarian rule, even with a new government that is freely elected.
		Indonesia could stumble and become a source of instability in Southeast Asia, placing heavy demands on Australia, Japan, Europe, and the United States to deal with problems ranging from a flood of economic refugees to terrorism.
	www.brook.edu /views/op-ed/20040402rieffel.htm (847 words)

	AAS San Diego 2004 Indonesia Politics Elections Roundtable Paige Johnson Tan
		The elections of 2004 play a role in the disenchantment of many since, despite the initiation of the directly elected presidency, the election is unlikely to provide a decisive governing solution to deal with the country’s numerous problems.
		O’Donnell and Schmitter see the founding election as “provoking parties” into action for the “party is the modern institution for structuring and aggregating individual preferences.” Observers of areas as diverse as Russia, Portugal, and Chile have seen the role of parties as key to understanding the progress (or lack thereof) of the transition.
		Indonesia’s parties are also weak because they are divorced from the population, almost uniformly elite-led creations which, while having a somewhat stable socio-cultural constituency, have no stable popular involvement in decision-making.
	people.uncw.edu /tanp/AASIndonesia.html (2513 words)

	The 2004 Elections in Indonesia
		In the previous 1999 election, provinces were the electoral districts for the DPR and the provincial DPRD elections, however for the 2004 elections the electoral districts will be smaller and have been drawn up by the General Elections Commission (KPU), which will organize and oversee the elections process.
		The results of the elections for the legislative bodies are expected to be announced by 30 April 2004, and the KPU has pledged to complete the process as speedily as possible.
		Given Indonesia’s troublesome past with civil unrest, there was surprisingly little unrest in the 1999 election campaign, although there were instances of violence in which supporters of the former ruling party, Golkar, were attacked as they paraded around the city centre area.
	www.expat.or.id /info/2004elections.html (1305 words)

	Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Indonesia's women are still heavily under-represented in political life.
		With the next elections coming up in April 2004, efforts are being made to give women a bigger share of power.
		After all, as quoted in Kompas Daily, 7 March 2003, the head of UNDP Indonesia, Bo Asplund, has said that the recent World Bank research proved that there is a correlation between an increase of woman representatives in parliament and a decrease of corruption.
	www.fnfasia.org /news/indonesianews/women.htm (581 words)

	Indonesia: Positive Trends and the Implications for U.S. Strategic Interests
		Indonesia's national elections proceeded in an exceedingly peaceful and democratic manner, and gave Indonesians for the first time the right to directly elect their president.
		Indonesia is a front-line state in a trend we see all over the world: people want to rule themselves, and they want their governments to be accountable.
		Looking forward, we envision an Indonesia that is democratic in the full sense of that term, with an educated electorate, a government that is transparent and accountable to its people, respects the rule of law, and protects the human rights of its citizens.
	www.state.gov /p/eap/rls/rm/2005/53275.htm (2935 words)

	Indonesian Elections & Results - Indonesia Matters
		The gubernatorial election for Banten province in western Java is dominated by the pair of Zulkieflimansyah and former actress Marissa Haque.
		The threshold for parties competing in the 2009 election will be raised to 5% of the national vote, raising fears that a New Order system will re-arise.
		An official from a body that seeks to educate the public on elections says many local and regional elections are marred by candidates use of religious symbols and language.
	www.indonesiamatters.com /category/politics/elections (178 words)

	Jimmy Carter: Surprisingly Fair Elections in Indonesia
		Following the April 2004 parliamentary elections, the court made rapid investigations and rendered decisions in 273 disputed cases, 15 of which changed the identity of the victorious candidates.
		Their role is recognized and welcomed by the official election authorities, and they have developed a private vote tabulation, or quick count, system that is so objective and accurate that their election results are accepted as definitive - subject, of course, to official tabulations in extremely close or contested elections.
		This happens to be the 50th election monitored by the Carter Center in different parts of the world, all of them in nations that were facing some kind of crisis or problem in their electoral process - either a form of dictatorship making a transition to democracy or an established democracy under serious threat.
	www.cartercenter.org /news/documents/doc1782.html (846 words)

	Asia Society: Publications - Indonesia's 1999 Elections
		Indonesia's success in carrying out these tasks and in producing a government capable of meeting the nation's tremendous economic, social, and political challenges will determine whether it moves toward becoming the world's third-largest democracy, reverts once again to totalitarianism, or in a worst case scenario fails as a multiethnic, geographically fragmented nation.
		Decreed that parliamentary elections should be held in May or June 1999, that all parties meeting the legal requirements would be able to compete, and that appointed military representation in legislative bodies should gradually be reduced in accordance with a law to be enacted later.
		Elections in 1999 will for the first time be held on a holiday to avoid workplace pressure and the possibility, as has happened in the past, that supervisors will know how their employees voted and take punitive action against them.
	www.asiasociety.org /publications/update_indonesia.html (14133 words)

	INDONESIA: Elections and Islam
		The candidates for the elections are broadly classified as nationalists and Islamists and all along the voters have favoured the nationalists in the parliamentary elections.
		The issue of Islam did not figure much in the legislative elections (April 2004) as the other issues such as anticorruption, good governance, welfare and unemployment etc., were the major issues that drew the support of the voters.
		The general elections in Malaysia in March this year, where the fundamentalist Islamic party Pas was routed by UMNO under the leadership of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, had its impact on the Indonesian elections.
	www.saag.org /papers11/paper1021.html (1500 words)

	Elections in Indonesia
		We have included a selection from the IISH collections on Indonesia below: T-shirts with political texts and images from the period 1997-2002.
		An interesting detail is that Megawati's two sisters also participated in the elections as prominent candidates for the parliament: Sukmawati for PNI-Marhaenisme and Rachmawati for Pelopor.
		The special collection consisting of 89 T-shirts that were worn as propaganda during rallies and demonstrations of the reformasi movement and the election campaign of 1999 are especially noteworthy.
	www.iisg.nl /collections/indonesia (430 words)

	Indonesia: Successful elections mask turmoil in Aceh (NAD) - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As the rest of Indonesia celebrates its first direct presidential elections, its westernmost province is in turmoil.
		Amnesty International urges the new president of Indonesia to state publicly his opposition to human rights violations and to set up a high-level team of independent experts to conduct an inquiry into the human rights abuses committed in Aceh.
		Foreign governments must dramatically increase pressure on Indonesia to open up Aceh to scrutiny by human rights experts, to allow aid agencies to carry out their work and to hold to account anyone who violates human rights.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGASA210422004?open&of=ENG-IDN (680 words)

	Indonesia Cosmopolis
		For their help in the party's election campaign in 1987, she and her husband got rewarded by the PDI leadership with seats in the House of Representatives, where she remained from 1987 to 1993.
		After his return to Indonesia in 1970, he became Dean of the Faculty of Theology at the Hasjim Asyari University in Jombang, where he worked from 1972-74.
		After his election as President of the Republic of Indonesia on October 20, 1999, Wahid chose Megawati Sukarnoputri as Vice President.
	www.cosmopolis.ch /english/cosmo1/indonesia.htm (1653 words)

	The Raw Story \| Rebel split overshadows elections in Indonesia's Aceh
		Indeed, the Aceh conflict is a bloody stain on Indonesia.
		The several billion dollars in post-tsunami aid has enabled the peace process to gain better traction than it would have otherwise, and the presence of foreign aid workers has forced both GAM and the Indonesian military to be on their best behaviour.
		There are high hopes that Monday's elections will further cement the rebels' reintegration into Acehnese society, which in turn will allow tsunami reconstruction to continue without the threat of violence or resumed warfare.
	rawstory.com /news/2006/Rebel_split_overshadows_elections_i_12082006.html (791 words)

	CNN - Indonesia's president urges strong voter turnout - May 28, 1997
		JAKARTA, Indonesia (CNN) -- Faced with the possibility of a boycott, President Suharto urged a strong voter turnout on the eve of elections for Indonesia's parliament.
		With the elections to some extent appearing already decided, some in Indonesia have come to the conclusion that they cannot change the country by casting their votes.
		Many students agree with him: A recent survey found that 80 percent of the students in Indonesia believe change is not possible in the upcoming elections.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9705/28/indonesia.elex (670 words)

	Elections in Indonesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indonesia has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
		Elections after the 1977 Fusion of Political Parties were held under the government of President Suharto.
		The 1999 election was the first election held after the collapse of the New Order and was held on 7 June 1999 under the government of President BJ Habibie.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia (1145 words)

	The Asia Foundation
		The legislative elections were the first, and by far the most complex, of possibly three national elections that will be held this year in Indonesia.
		On July 5, 2004 Indonesia will hold its first direct election for president (previously, presidents were elected by the legislature), and if no candidate receives an outright majority of the vote, there will be a run-off between the top two candidates on September 20, 2004.
		Approximately 97 percent of the more than 10,000 observers surveyed felt that the election in their area was free and fair, and that the results accurately reflected the will of the people.
	www.asiafoundation.org /Locations/indonesia_electionrelease.html (777 words)

	INDONESIA : ELECTIONS 2004
		Indonesia’s proportional representation system is built around 69 electoral districts for the national parliament.
		In view of the multiparty system in Indonesia, and with no party getting the majority support, it may become necessary to form coalition of parties if a strong government is to be established at the center.
		Indonesia is the world’s most populous Muslim nation with 80 per cent of its 210 million population identifying them as Muslims.
	www.saag.org /papers10/paper981.html (2006 words)

	Indonesia's First Freely-Elected President
		In a surprising upset, the Indonesian parliament elected Abdurrahman Wahid as the new president of Indonesia on October 20, 1999.
		In the parliamentary elections that took place earlier this year on June 7, Megawati's party, the PDI-P, was the clear frontrunner.
		Highly and widely respected in Indonesia, Wahid was able to be openly critical of Suharto's policies during his reign without suffering repercussions.
	www.factmonster.com /spot/indonesiawahid1.html (425 words)

	General Elections in Indonesia 2004 -- Beauty -- IndoIndians.com
		This is the first direct presidential election to be held in Indonesia.
		The major impact on expatriates comes during the campaign period, which falls immediately before the election and normally lasts one month, however some reports indicate it will be over two and a half weeks this year.
		Election time in Indonesia is traditionally a grand spectacle of color, crowds and excitement.
	www.indoindians.com /associations/pemilu.htm (790 words)

	Online NewsHour: Elections in Indonesia -- July 8, 1999
		As the ballot count continues in Indonesia's first free parlimentary vote in 45 years, some observers worry the slow pace of the count may affect the country's upcoming presidential election.
		Election observers, including former President Jimmy Carter, commended the orderly and apparently fair manner in the vote for members of a new parliament.
		Megawati Sukarnoputri-- the daughter of Indonesia's former president Sukarno, who lead the struggle against Dutch colonialism and who was ousted by Suharto in a bloody coup in 1965 in which thousands were killed.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/asia/july-dec99/indonesia_7-8a.html (870 words)

	BBC News \| LATEST NEWS \| Indonesia sets elections date
		Indonesia's government has announced national elections will be held in June next year as thousands of Indonesian students continue to occupy the centre of the capital, Jakarta.
		Thousands of students again marched peacefully through the streets of Jakarta calling for the trial of former President Suharto and demanding elections to be free and fair.
		BBC Jakarta Correspondent Jonathan Head said the elections date was the last possible under a deadline set by last month's special Assembly session.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/events/indonesia/latest_news/227170.stm (367 words)

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