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Topic: Elections in Liechtenstein

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	Lijphart Elections Archive
		The Lijphart Elections Archive is a static research collection of district level election results for approximately 350 national legislative elections in 26 countries that was maintained through 2003.
		This was the origin of the Elections Archive in the University Library of the University of California, San Diego.
		The objective of the Archive is to systematically collect election statistics in as much detail as possible, including, as a minimum, the results at the level of the individual election districts in which votes are converted into seats.
	dodgson.ucsd.edu /lij (208 words)

	History - Liechtenstein - Europe
		The modern history of Liechtenstein dates from 1719, when the country formally acquired its present name and ruling family with the consolidation of the counties of Vaduz and Schellenberg under the house of Liechtenstein.
		Liechtenstein joined the United Nations in 1990 and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) as a full member in September 1991.
		Shortly after the elections the Progressive Citizens’ Party announced that it was leaving the coalition with Frick’s Fatherland Union to become an official opposition party.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/liechtenstein/history.htm (322 words)

	Politics of Liechtenstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch.
		According to the constitution of Liechtenstein, the government is a collegiate body and consists of the head of government and four governmental councilors.
		Liechtenstein is divided in eleven communes (German: Gemeinden, singular: Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, and Vaduz.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Liechtenstein (1221 words)

	Liechtenstein
		The Principality of Liechtenstein (German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a tiny, doubly landlocked microstate in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland to its west and by Austria to its east.
		Liechtenstein is situated in the Upper Rhine valley of the European Alps.
		Liechtenstein Bus is a subsidiary of the Swiss Postbus system, and connects to the Swiss bus network at Buchs SG and at Sargans.
	creekin.net /n107-liechtenstein.html (1640 words)

	Liechtenstein
		Liechtenstein's history as a sovereign state began in 1342; its boundaries have been unchanged since 1434, and it has been known by its present name since 1719.
		Women did not achieve the right to vote in national elections until 1984 and were debarred from voting in three of the principality's 11 communes until 1986.
		Liechtenstein was admitted to the United Nations in September 1990.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019812.html (577 words)

	Liechtenstein - Gurupedia
		Liechtenstein is a parliamentary democracy, headed by the prince, or Fürst, currently Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, who succeeded his father after his death in 1989.
		Liechtenstein is situated in the Rhine valley in the
		The Liechtenstein family claims 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic which was confiscated from its royal family in 1918.
	www.gurupedia.com /l/li/liechtenstein.htm (643 words)

	Liechtenstein : In Depth \| Frommers.com
		Liechtenstein has a rich cultural life, supported by royal patrons and the cooperation of neighboring countries.
		Any foreigner wishing to become a citizen must first be approved by a majority of the commune he or she intends to live in; then his/her application must be approved by parliament, and then by the monarch.
		Liechtenstein has a prime minister and four councilors, appointed by the prince for a 4-year term.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/liechtenstein/1027010012.html (655 words)

	Liechtenstein History \| iExplore.com
		The VU won the next four Landtag elections, including the 1986 poll at which women (who had been debarred from voting until 1984) were able to participate for the first time.
		In April 2002, Liechtenstein was strongly condemned by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the 24-strong club of industrialized nations) as one of seven countries worldwide which had refused to cooperate properly and continually faces economic sanctions.
		Liechtenstein joined the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1991 and the European Economic Area (EEA), the body established by amalgamating the EU and EFTA, in May 1995.
	www.africa.com /dmap/Liechtenstein/History (759 words)

	MapZones.com : Liechtenstein Map
		Liechtenstein, independent principality in central Europe; bounded on the east by Austria, and on the south, west, and north by Switzerland.
		Liechtenstein has no natural resources of commercial value, and virtually all raw materials, including wood, have to be imported.
		Liechtenstein is highly industrialized, with less than 2 percent of the labor force engaged in agriculture.
	atlas.mapzones.com /liechtenstein/liechtenstein.php (1243 words)

	Liechtenstein Financial Overview
		In recent years, the accession of Liechtenstein to the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1995 has acted as a catalyst for a series of fundamental changes and facilitated access to the markets of other countries making the last 10 years a particular dynamic period for the Liechtenstein financial centre.
		Liechtenstein banks manage assets in the amount of 107 billion Swiss francs as of end 2004.
		Liechtenstein joined the Council of Europe in 1978, the UN in 1990, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1991 and the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1995.
	www.sovereignsociety.com /offshore1660.html (1907 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Liechtenstein
		The Principality of Liechtenstein is a tiny, landlocked country tucked away between Switzerland and Austria and with mountain slopes rising above the Rhine valley.
		Following elections in spring 2005, the Progressive Citizens Party (PCP) and Patriotic Union (PU) formed a coalition government with Otmar Hasler of the PCP continuing as prime minister.
		Liechtenstein has a very sparse media scene, with the circulation figures of its newspapers at around 10,000 or less.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1066002.stm (683 words)

	Elections around the world (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The country information is brief in nature and gives the date and type of election, the number of registered voters, the party in power (where applicable), the type of government, whether voting is compulsory, some key issues, the main players, commentary as the elections unfold, and results when known.
		A parliamentary election or legislative election is an election to select the members of the national legislative body in a parliamentary system of government.
		A presidential election is an election to select the chief of state or head of government (the president) in a presidential system of government.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/INTGUIDE/POL/elections/index.htm (1003 words)

	The Liechtenstein Constitution of 1921
		The hereditary succession to the throne within the Princely House of Liechtenstein, the age of majority of the Reigning Prince and of the Hereditary Prince, and any applicable guardianship shall be laid down by the Princely House in the form of a Law on the Princely House.
		For the legal provisions applicable in the Principality of Liechtenstein pursuant to international treaties, a promulgation may be arranged in a simplified form, such as in particular publication by reference to foreign compendia of laws.
		All Liechtenstein citizens who are at least eighteen years of age and whose right to vote has not been suspended shall be eligible to vote in municipal matters in the municipality in which they reside.
	www.geocities.com /dagtho/lieconst19211005.html (8752 words)

	LIECHTENSTEIN
		Tiny Liechtenstein, not quite as large as Washington, DC, lies on the east bank of the Rhine River south of Lake Constance between Austria and Switzerland.
		The Liechtensteiners are descended from the Alemanni tribe that came into the region after A.D. Founded in 1719, Liechtenstein was a member of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866, when it became an independent principality.
		Liechtenstein still claims 1,600 sq km of Czech territory (the royal family's ancestral home) confiscated in 1918; the Czech Republic insists that restitution does not go back before Feb. 1948, when the Communists seized power.
	www.solarnavigator.net /geography/liechtenstein.htm (1168 words)

	Portal of the Principality of Liechtenstein - State - Parliamentary elections
		The election of Alternate Members of Parliament is a feature particular to Liechtenstein: For every three seats a political party obtains in an election district, the party is entitled to one Alternate Member of Parliament.
		Since the introduction of proportional representation in 1939, elections generally resulted in very narrow majorities, which led to the formation of coalition governments for a long time (1938-1997).
		Diplomatic and consular representations in the Principality of Liechtenstein
	www.liechtenstein.li /en/eliechtenstein_main_sites/portal_fuerstentum_liechtenstein/fl-staat-staat/fl-staat-landtag/fl-staat-landtagswahlen.htm (519 words)

	Liechtenstein
		The Principality of Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy.
		Liechtenstein has a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital service sector.
		Prior to the February parliamentary elections, the Government ran two billboard campaigns to promote female candidates, one encouraging women to run for office, and another calling on voters to support female candidates.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/eur/8282.htm (3512 words)

	Elections around the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The information contained herein is b rief in nature and gives the date and type of election, the number of registered voters, the party in power, information about whether voting is compulsory, some key issues, the main players, commentary as the elections unfold, and results when known.
		This election was the first time that parties were allowed to post representatives at all 40 000 polling stations as well as being given the vote tallies at the end of polling.
		Iraq’s transition on a knife edge, discusses meeting the 30 June election date, the role of the United Nations, the formation, composition and mandate of the provisional government, and the status of the occupying forces.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/intguide/POL/WorldElections.htm (3308 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: Western Europe
		Elections to the Dutch Tweede Kamer (House of Representatives)
		Elections to the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic
		Elections to the Spanish Congress of Deputies, in English and Spanish
	electionresources.org /western.europe.html (430 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Prince to people: 'I'll sell up to Bill Gates'
		A BITTER row that threatens to tear apart the fabric of the sleepy 282-year Alpine statelet of Liechtenstein is set to enter its final stages when the results of today's general elections are known.
		Elections in Liechtenstein, the world's fourth smallest state, an Alpine tax-haven sandwiched between Austria and Switzerland, are traditionally a quiet affair, rarely making headlines beyond the 60 square mile principality.
		Peter Wolff, the speaker of the 25-member parliament, said the prince was "manipulating the fears of many Liechtensteiners who cherished fond memories" of his late parents, Prince Franz-Josef and Princess Gina, who stood by the people in the Second World War.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/02/11/wlich11.xml (798 words)

	HIRST v. THE UNITED KINGDOM (No. 2) - 74025/01 [2005] ECHR 681 (6 October 2005)
		It further noted that as insofar as the disqualification from voting was to be seen as part of a prisoner’s punishment, there was no logical justification for the disqualification to continue in the case of the present applicant, who had completed that part of his sentence relating to punishment and deterrence.
		It argued that although there was no express reference to the right of prisoners to vote these principles supported the extension of the vote to prisoners by fostering their connection with society, increasing awareness of their stake in society and taking into account their personal circumstances and characteristics.
		The reason for this is that there exists a logical and perhaps even a natural connection between the impugned act and the aim of the penalty (which, though ancillary, is important) that serves as punishment for such acts and as a deterrent to others.
	www.worldlii.org /eu/cases/ECHR/2005/681.html (13672 words)

	Australia - Country information - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Liechtenstein is a small Principality on the east bank of the Upper Rhine, doubly landlocked between Austria and Switzerland.
		Liechtenstein is one of the remaining four members of EFTA along with Switzerland, Norway and Iceland.
		Liechtenstein's industrial sector is widely diversified, but the focus is on high value niche products, and its companies are outward looking and export orientated, due to the small size of domestic markets.
	www.dfat.gov.au /geo/liechtenstein/liechtenstein_brief.html (1689 words)

	Preamble
		The Principality of Liechtenstein constitutes, by the union of both its regions, Vaduz and Schellenberg, an indivisible and inalienable whole; the region of Vaduz (Upper Country) consists of the communes of Vaduz, Balzers, Planken, Schaan, Triesen and Triesenberg; the region of Schellenberg (Lower Country) consists of the communes of Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Ruggell and Schellenberg.
		For the law applicable in Liechtenstein by reason of international treaties, a publication may be arranged in a simplified form, in particular as a reference publication to foreign codes.
		Every male national of Liechtenstein who is twenty years of age and residing in a commune but who does not yet possess the right to vote or to take part in elections may vote or take part in elections in communal affairs.
	www.cmseducation.org /wconsts/liechtenstein.html (7212 words)

	Liechtenstein: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918.
		The Liechtensteiners are descended from the Alemanni tribe that came into the region after A.D. Founded in 1719, Liechtenstein was a member of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866, when it became an independent principality.
		Liechtenstein still claims 1,600 sq km of Czech territory (the royal family's ancestral home) confiscated in 1918; the Czech Republic insists that restitution does not go back before Feb. 1948, when the Communists seized power.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107726.html (686 words)

	Elections in Liechtenstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elections in Liechtenstein gives information on election and election results in Liechtenstein.
		Liechtenstein elects a legislature at the national level.
		Liechtenstein has a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Liechtenstein (111 words)

	February in Liechtenstein
		1801 - The frontiers of the Principality of Liechtenstein were precisely defined when, under the treaty of Luneville, the Swiss Republic was recognized and the boundaries decided on.
		2001 - In the elections for the Landtag (Diet) held on the 9th and 11th of February, 86.7% of the citizens of the Principality voted.
		He was a Knight of the Golden Fleece and possessed a domain covering 5,800 square kilometers, 24 towns, 35 bourgs (market- towns), 756 villages and 46 castles including the Principality of Liechtenstein.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/liechtenstein/97419 (393 words)

	About Liechtenstein - Travel, Maps, Flag and Information
		The Principality of Liechtenstein (German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a tiny, doubly landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland to its west and by Austria to its east.
		It is the only country with a majority of German-speaking people that does not share a border with Germany (though there are substantial German-speaking minorities in Argentina, Brazil and Namibia).
		There are numerous music organisations such as the Liechtenstein Musical Company, the annual Guitar Days and the International Josef Gabriel Rheinberger Society and two main theatres.
	www.canadiancontent.net /profiles/Liechtenstein.html (727 words)

	2005 Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Liechtenstein
		The Principality of Liechtenstein, with a population of approximately 34 thousand, is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government.
		The law provides citizens with the right to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercised this right in practice through periodic, free, and fair elections held on the basis of universal suffrage.
		Parliamentary elections, considered free and fair, were held in March; the center-right Progressive Citizens' Party won 12 seats, the center-left Fatherland Union won 10 seats, and the green-alternative Free List won 3 seats in the 25‑member parliament.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61659.htm (3035 words)

	International IDEA \| Choosing the Elections
		The only exceptions to this rule were those nations which held elections on the eve of their independence from colonial rule, or those small island nations whose sovereignty is limited by "free association" with a larger power (for example, Nigeria in 1959 falls into the first category, and Aruba falls into the second).
		That there was a degree of competitiveness (that is, more than one party contested the elections, or one party and independents contested the elections, or the election was only contested by independent candidates).
		We have not included elections where the franchise was limited to a very small (and ethnically defined) segment of the population, e.g., South Africa (before 1994), Western Samoa (before 1991).
	www.idea.int /vt/choosing.cfm (338 words)

	February 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Liechtenstein: In parliamentary elections held January 31 and February 2, the Fatherland Union wins 13 seats (49.2% of the vote), the Progressive Citizens' Party 10 (39.2%), and the Free List 2 (11.6%).
		Pakistan: Parliamentary elections are swept by the Pakistan Muslim League of former prime minister Nawaz Sharif, winning 136 seats in the 217-seat National Assembly; Benazir Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party wins only 19.
		United Kingdom: The Labour Party wins a by-election in Wirral South, with 53% of the vote to 34% for the Conservatives.
	rulers.org /1997-02.html (951 words)

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